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Chibwe M, Odume ON, Nnadozie CF. Spatiotemporal variations in the occurrence of Campylobacter species in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28774. [PMID: 38601622 PMCID: PMC11004744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An increase in the incidence of Campylobacter species in rivers raises concerns on the safety of river water for humans who get exposed to river water. This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of Campylobacter species in the Bloukrans and Swartkops rivers, analysing patterns of its occurrence in relation to meteorological conditions, physicochemical parameters, seasons, and sampling sites. Physico-chemical parameters and meteorological conditions were measured during water sampling from various sites along the rivers over a year, while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was utilised to detect Campylobacter genus-specific genes and selected antibiotic-resistant genes. Campylobacter was detected in 66.67% (Bloukrans River) and 58.33% (Swartkops River). In the Bloukrans River, multi-drug resistance genes cmeA (20%), cmeB (65%), cmeC (10%), were detected while and tetO was detected at 70%. In the Swartkops River, the corresponding prevalence were 28%, 66.67%, 28.56%, and 76%. The study indicates that sampling season did not significantly impact Campylobacter prevalence. However, variation in Campylobacter occurrence exists among different sites along the rivers, reflecting the influence of site proximity to potential contamination sources. The study suggests that Campylobacter infection may be endemic in South Africa, with rivers serving as potential sources of exposure to humans, thereby contributing to the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Chibwe
- Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O Box 94 Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Oghenekaro Nelson Odume
- Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O Box 94 Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Chika Felicitas Nnadozie
- Institute for Water Research (IWR), Rhodes University, Old Geology Building (off Artillery Road), P.O Box 94 Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Denis M, Rose V, Nagard B, Thépault A, Lucas P, Meunier M, Benoit F, Wilhem A, Gassilloud B, Cauvin E, Rincé A, Gourmelon M. Comparative Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Livestock Animals to C. jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Surface Water Using DNA Sequencing and MALDI-TOF. Pathogens 2023; 12:1069. [PMID: 37764877 PMCID: PMC10535298 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the contribution of cattle, sheep, poultry and pigs to the contamination of surface water from rivers by Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli using MLST, cgMLST and considered MALDI-TOF MS as an alternative technique. The 263 strains isolated from cattle (n = 61), sheep (n = 42), poultry (n = 65), pigs (n = 60) and surface water (n = 35) were distributed across 115 sequence types (STs), 49 for C. jejuni and 66 for C. coli. Considering MLST data, 14.2%, 11.4% and 2.8% of the surface water strains could be attributed to cattle, poultry and sheep, respectively, none to pigs, and 85.7% were non-attributed. Analysis of cg-MLST data with STRUCTURE indicated that C. jejuni strains from water were predominantly attributed to poultry (93.5%), weakly to sheep (<1%) and 6.3% non-attributed, and that conversely, C. coli strains from water were predominantly non-attributed (94.3%) and 5.7% attributed to poultry. Considering the protein profiles with a threshold of 94% and 97% of similarity, respectively, strains from surface water could be attributed to poultry (31.4% and 17.1%), and to cattle (17.1% and 5.7%); 54.1% and 77.1% were non-attributed. This study confirmed these livestock animals might contribute to the contamination of surface water, with a level of contribution depending on the typing technique and the method of analysis. MALDI-TOF could potentially be an alternative approach for source attribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Denis
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency For Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (V.R.); (B.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Valérie Rose
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency For Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (V.R.); (B.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Bérengère Nagard
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency For Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (V.R.); (B.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Amandine Thépault
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products Unit, ANSES (French Agency For Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (V.R.); (B.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, ANSES, 22440 Ploufragan, France;
| | - Meagan Meunier
- Caen-Saint-Lô Laboratory, Research Department, LABEO, 50000 Saint-Lô, France; (M.M.); (F.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Fabienne Benoit
- Caen-Saint-Lô Laboratory, Research Department, LABEO, 50000 Saint-Lô, France; (M.M.); (F.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Amandine Wilhem
- Nancy Laboratory, ANSES, PTF Maldi, 54000 Nancy, France; (A.W.); (B.G.)
| | - Benoit Gassilloud
- Nancy Laboratory, ANSES, PTF Maldi, 54000 Nancy, France; (A.W.); (B.G.)
| | - Elodie Cauvin
- Caen-Saint-Lô Laboratory, Research Department, LABEO, 50000 Saint-Lô, France; (M.M.); (F.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Alain Rincé
- Bacterial Communication and Anti-Infectious Strategies Reseach Unit, UNICAEN (Caen Normandie University), UR4312 CBSA, 14000 Caen, France;
| | - Michèle Gourmelon
- ODE-DYNECO-PELAGOS (Department of Oceanography and Ecosystem Dynamics, Coastal Environment Dynamics and Pelagic Ecology Research Unit), IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), 29280 Plouzané, France;
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Tawakol MM, Nabil NM, Samir A, M HH, Yonis AE, Shahein MA, Elsayed MM. The potential role of migratory birds in the transmission of pathogenic Campylobacter species to broiler chickens in broiler poultry farms and live bird markets. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 36899325 PMCID: PMC9999534 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter species (spp.) are one of the most important zoonotic bacteria possessing potential hazards for animal and human health worldwide. Migratory birds are implicated as significant carriers for microbes and a play very important role in the dissemination of Campylobacter to broiler chickens and their environment. The purpose of this investigation was to detect the prevalence, antibiotic resistant patterns, virulence and diversity of pathogenic Campylobacter spp. in 7 migratory bird species (Northern shoveler, Common pochard, Common teal, Northern pintail, Eared Grebe, Great Crested Grebe and Garganey) and broiler chickens that were collected from broiler poultry farms and live bird markets. RESULTS The prevalence of Campylobacter was 12.5% (25/200), of which 15% (15/100) was recovered from 5 migratory bird species only and 10% (10/100) from broiler chickens. At the level of migratory birds, eight isolates (53.3%) were Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and 7 isolates (46.7%) were Campylobacter coli (C. coli) meanwhile, in broiler chickens C. jejuni and C. coli were 50% (5/10) for each. All isolated strains had phenotypic resistance to doxycycline, while all of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin. The multidrug resistance to three, four or five antimicrobial classes was found in 72% (18/25) of the isolated strains. The multiantibiotic resistance index between the examined isolates was 0.22-0.77, with 10 antibiotic resistance patterns. The virulence of isolated Campylobacter strains (from both migratory birds and broiler chicken birds) was detected by targeting the VirB11, ciaB and iam genes which were recorded at 16%, 52% and 100%, respectively. Additionally, 100% and 84% of the antibiotic resistance genes were identified as tetA and BlaOXA-61, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed the diversity between all the isolated strains from migratory birds and their similarity to broiler chicken isolates. The findings of the present study highlight the impact of migratory birds visiting Egypt and other countries on pathogenic Campylobacter spp. carrying pathogenic virulence and resistance genes, necessitating the application of biosecurity measures to prevent migratory birds from entering farms during their migration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdelhafez Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Hawash H M
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahlam E Yonis
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A Shahein
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Al-Khresieh RO, Al-Daghistani HI, Abu-Romman SM, Abu-Niaaj LF. Genetic Signature and Serocompatibility Evidence for Drug Resistant Campylobacter jejuni. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101421. [PMID: 36290079 PMCID: PMC9598221 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis, a foodborne illness, is one of the world′s leading causes of gastrointestinal illness. This study investigates the link between human campylobacteriosis and the consumption of potentially contaminated food with Campylobacter jejuni. Three hundred sixty samples were collected from humans, chicken cloaca, raw chicken meat, unpasteurized milk, and vegetables. The chickens were obtained from licensed and non-licensed slaughterhouses, and only the necks and wings were studied. Samples were enriched under microaerobic conditions then cultured on the modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar. Bacteria was identified by staining, biochemical testing, and molecular identification by the polymerase chain reaction for the virulence genes; hipO, asp, dnaJ, cadF, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC. The genomic homogeneity of C. jejuni between human and chicken isolates was assessed by the serological Penner test and the pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Campylobacter was not detected in the vegetables and pasteurized milk, though, only twenty isolates from chickens and clinical samples were presumed to be Campylobacter based on their morphology. The biochemical tests confirmed that five isolates were C. coli, and fifteen isolates were C. jejuni including two isolates from humans, and the remaining were from chickens. The colonization of C. jejuni in chickens was significantly lower in necks (6.66%) obtained from licensed slaughterhouses compared to those obtained from non-licensed slaughterhouses (33.3%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all identified C. jejuni isolates were resistant to antibiotics, and the majority of isolates (53.5%) showed resistance against six antibiotics, though, all isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and aztreonam. The Penner test showed P:21 as the dominant serotype in isolates from humans, necks, and cloaca. The serohomology of C. jejuni from human isolates and chicken necks, wings, and cloaca was 71%, 36%, 78%, respectively. The PFGE analysis of the pattern for DNA fragmentation by the restriction enzyme Smal showed a complete genotypic homology of C. jejuni human isolates and chicken necks compared to partial homology with cloacal isolates. The study brings attention to the need for effective interventions to ensure best practices for safe poultry production for commercial food chain supply to limit infection with foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozan O. Al-Khresieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Hala I. Al-Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Allied Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Saeid M. Abu-Romman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Lubna F. Abu-Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology and Agriculture, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
- Correspondence:
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Igwaran A, Okoh AI. Molecular determination of genetic diversity among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from milk, water, and meat samples using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2020; 10:1830701. [PMID: 33133420 PMCID: PMC7580821 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1830701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of contaminated meat, milk, and water are among the major routes of human campylobacteriosis. This study aimed to determined the genetic diversity of C. coli and C. jejuni isolated from meat, milk, and water samples collected from different locations. From the 376 samples (meat = 248, cow milk = 72, and water = 56) collected, a total of 1238 presumptive Campylobacter isolates were recovered and the presence of the genus Campylobacter were detected in 402 isolates, and from which, 85 and 67 isolates were identified asC. jejuni and C. coli respectively. Of which, 71 isolates identified as C. coli (n = 35) and C. jejuni (n = 36) were randomly selected from meat, milk, and water samples and were genotyped using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). The digital images of the ERIC-PCR genotype were analyzed by GelJ v.2.0 software. The diversity and similarity of the isolates were assessed via an unweighted-pair group method using average linkages clustering algorithm. The results showed that the 36 C. jejuni strains separated into 29 ERIC-genotypes and 4 clusters while the 35 C. coli were delineated into 29 ERIC-genotypes and 6 clusters. The study revealed the genetic diversity among C. coli and C. jejuni strains recovered from different matrices characterized by Gelj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Igwaran A, Okoh AI. Occurrence, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance-Associated Markers in Campylobacter Species Isolated from Retail Fresh Milk and Water Samples in Two District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E426. [PMID: 32708075 PMCID: PMC7400711 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are among the major bacteria implicated in human gastrointestinal infections and are majorly found in faeces of domestic animals, sewage discharges and agricultural runoff. These pathogens have been implicated in diseases outbreaks through consumption of contaminated milk and water in some parts of the globe and reports on this is very scanty in the Eastern Cape Province. Hence, this study evaluated the occurrence as well as virulence and antimicrobial-associated makers of Campylobacter species recovered from milk and water samples. A total of 56 water samples and 72 raw milk samples were collected and the samples were processed for enrichment in Bolton broth and incubated for 48 h in 10% CO2 at 42 °C under microaerobic condition. Thereafter, the enriched cultures were further processed and purified. After which, presumptive Campylobacter colonies were isolated and later confirmed by PCR using specific primers for the detection of the genus Campylobacter, target species and virulence associated genes. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method against a panel of 12 antibiotics and relevant genotypic resistance genes were assessed by PCR assay. A total of 438 presumptive Campylobacter isolates were obtained; from which, 162 were identified as belonging to the genus Campylobacter of which 36.92% were obtained from water samples and 37.11% from milk samples. The 162 confirmed isolates were further delineated into four species, of which, 7.41%, 27.16% and 8.64% were identified as C. fetus, C. jejuni and C. coli respectively. Among the virulence genes screened for, the iam (32.88%) was most prevalent, followed by flgR (26.87%) gene and cdtB and cadF (5.71% each) genes. Of the 12 antibiotics tested, the highest phenotypic resistance displayed by Campylobacter isolates was against clindamycin (95.68%), while the lowest was observed against imipenem (21.47%). Other high phenotypic resistance displayed by the isolates were against erythromycin (95.06%), followed by ceftriaxone (93.21%), doxycycline (87.65%), azithromycin and ampicillin (87.04% each), tetracycline (83.33%), chloramphenicol (78.27%), ciprofloxacin (77.78%), levofloxacin (59.88%) and gentamicin (56.17%). Relevant resistance genes were assessed in the isolates that showed high phenotypic resistance, and the highest resistance gene harbored by the isolates was catII (95%) gene while VIM, KPC, Ges, bla-OXA-48-like, tetC, tetD, tetK, IMI and catI genes were not detected. The occurrence of this pathogen and the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance-associated genes in Campylobacter isolates recovered from milk/water samples position them a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa;
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Thépault A, Rose V, Queguiner M, Chemaly M, Rivoal K. Dogs and Cats: Reservoirs for Highly Diverse Campylobacter jejuni and a Potential Source of Human Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E838. [PMID: 32408633 PMCID: PMC7278488 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the carriage of Campylobacter in animal reservoirs is essential to better understand Campylobacter epidemiology. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in dogs and cats, hereafter defined as pets, and characterized Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolates to assess their genetic diversity and their potential link with isolates from other animals or human cases. During a 6-month period, 304 feces samples were collected from pets. A significantly higher prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was found in dogs compared with cats, as well as in dogs ≤ 1-year-old compared with older dogs. C. jejuni was the predominant species found in pets, and its genomic characterization revealed a high genetic diversity. Genotypes comparison with previously characterized isolates revealed a partial overlap between C. jejuni isolates from pets, chicken, cattle, and clinical cases. This overlap suggests the potential role of livestock and humans in pets' exposure to Campylobacter, or vice versa. The isolation of pets' specific profiles may suggest the existence of other sources of pet contamination or imply that pets may constitute a reservoir for Campylobacter. Because of the proximity between humans and pets, along with their frequent carriage of C. jejuni, human exposure to Campylobacter from pets can be more important than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Thépault
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.T.); (V.R.); (M.Q.); (M.C.)
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Rennes 1 University, rue du Thabor, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Rose
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.T.); (V.R.); (M.Q.); (M.C.)
| | - Marilyne Queguiner
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.T.); (V.R.); (M.Q.); (M.C.)
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.T.); (V.R.); (M.Q.); (M.C.)
| | - Katell Rivoal
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.T.); (V.R.); (M.Q.); (M.C.)
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Di Giannatale E, Calistri P, Di Donato G, Decastelli L, Goffredo E, Adriano D, Mancini ME, Galleggiante A, Neri D, Antoci S, Marfoglia C, Marotta F, Nuvoloni R, Migliorati G. Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in chicken and bovine meat in Italy: Prevalence, level of contamination and molecular characterization of isolates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225957. [PMID: 31809529 PMCID: PMC6897410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are common foodborne pathogens associated with cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide. A detailed understanding of the prevalence, contamination levels and molecular characteristics of Campylobacter spp. in cattle and chicken, which are likely the most important sources of human contamination, is imperative. A collection of 1243 poultry meat samples (665 chicken breasts and 578 chicken thighs) and 1203 bovine meat samples (689 hamburgers and 514 knife-cut meat preparations) were collected at retail outlets, in randomly selected supermarkets located in different Italian regions during one year. Of these samples, 17.38% of the poultry meat and 0.58% of the bovine meat samples tested positive for Campylobacter, of which 131 were Campylobacter jejuni (57.96%) and 95 were Campylobacter coli (42.03%). Campylobacter isolates were genotyped with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity, population structure, source distribution and Campylobacter transmission route to humans. All isolates were molecularly characterized by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and further genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and fla-SVR sequencing to gain better insight into the population structure. Antibiotic resistance was also investigate. The highest levels of resistance among chicken strains were observed for ciprofloxacin (88.25%), nalidixic acid (81.45%) and tetracycline (75.6%). PFGE analysis revealed 73 pulsotypes for C. jejuni and 54 pulsotypes for C. coli, demonstrating the existance of different and specific clones circulating in Italy. MLST of C.jejuni isolates mainly clustered in the CC353, CC354, CC21, CC206 and CC443; while C.coli isolates clustered only in CC828. The most common flaA alleles were 287 for C. jejuni and 66 for C. coli. Our study confirms that poultry meat is the main source of Campylobacteriosis, whereas red meat had a low level of contamination suggesting a minor role in transmission. The high presence of Campylobacter in retail chicken meat, paired with its increased resistance to antimicrobials with several multidrug resistance profiles detected, is alarming and represents a persistent threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Calistri
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
- Dept. of Veterinary Sciences, Univ. of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Goffredo
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Adriano
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Mancini
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Galleggiante
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Neri
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antoci
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Cristina Marfoglia
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Migliorati
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
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Geng Y, Liu G, Liu L, Deng Q, Zhao L, Sun XX, Wang J, Zhao B, Wang J. Real-time recombinase polymerase amplification assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of Campylobacter jejuni in food samples. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 157:31-36. [PMID: 30576752 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), a foodborne pathogen, is a major contributor to human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and detrimental to public health. It is crucial for initiating appropriate outbreak control strategies to rapidly detect C. jejuni. As a novel isothermal gene amplification technique, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has been developed for the molecular detection of diverse pathogens. In this study, we developed a real-time RPA assay so as to achieve the rapid and efficient detection of C. jejuni by targeting the hipO gene. The specificity and senstivity of real-time RPA was validated and the practical applicability of the method for the detection of C. jejuni in artificially contaminated milk and chicken breast samples was proved by comparing their reaction time, sensitivity, and efficacy with those of real-time PCR and culture-based methods. Based on the real-time RPA assay, analysis time was reduced to approximately 13 mins from 60 mins and the results were as reliable as those of the real-time PCR assay. Taken together, in terms of the detection of C. jejuni, the real-time RPA method was simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Road E. 2nd Ring South, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanhui Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, No. 178 Zhonghua South Street, Handan, Hebei 056038, People's Republic of China
| | - Libing Liu
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China; Hebei Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoen Deng
- The Eighth Hospital of Shjiazhuang, No. 620, Xinhua Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050081, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No.326 South Xinshi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xia Sun
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China; Hebei Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China; Hebei Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, Road E. 2nd Ring South, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China; Hebei Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, No. 318 Hepingxilu Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050051, People's Republic of China.
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Rincé A, Balière C, Hervio-Heath D, Cozien J, Lozach S, Parnaudeau S, Le Guyader FS, Le Hello S, Giard JC, Sauvageot N, Benachour A, Strubbia S, Gourmelon M. Occurrence of Bacterial Pathogens and Human Noroviruses in Shellfish-Harvesting Areas and Their Catchments in France. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2443. [PMID: 30364306 PMCID: PMC6193098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During a 2-year study, the presence of human pathogenic bacteria and noroviruses was investigated in shellfish, seawater and/or surface sediments collected from three French coastal shellfish-harvesting areas as well as in freshwaters from the corresponding upstream catchments. Bacteria isolated from these samples were further analyzed. Escherichia coli isolates classified into the phylogenetic groups B2, or D and enterococci from Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium species were tested for the presence of virulence genes and for antimicrobial susceptibility. Salmonella members were serotyped and the most abundant serovars (Typhimurium and its monophasic variants and Mbandaka) were genetically characterized by high discriminative subtyping methods. Campylobacter and Vibrio were identified at the species level, and haemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus were searched by tdh- and trh- gene detection. Main results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella in shellfish samples where only members of S. Mbandaka were found. Campylobacter were more frequently isolated than Salmonella and a different distribution of Campylobacter species was observed in shellfish compared to rivers, strongly suggesting possible additional inputs of bacteria. Statistical associations between enteric bacteria, human noroviruses (HuNoVs) and concentration of fecal indicator bacteria revealed that the presence of Salmonella was correlated with that of Campylobacter jejuni and/or C. coli as well as to E. coli concentration. A positive correlation was also found between the presence of C. lari and the detection of HuNoVs. This study highlights the importance of simultaneous detection and characterization of enteric and marine pathogenic bacteria and human noroviruses not only in shellfish but also in catchment waters for a hazard assessment associated with microbial contamination of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Rincé
- UNICAEN, U2RM, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte Balière
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Dominique Hervio-Heath
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Joëlle Cozien
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Solen Lozach
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | - Sylvain Parnaudeau
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
| | | | - Simon Le Hello
- Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur,Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sofia Strubbia
- Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Institut Pasteur,Paris, France
| | - Michèle Gourmelon
- RBE-SG2M-LSEM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France
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11
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Thépault A, Rose V, Quesne S, Poezevara T, Béven V, Hirchaud E, Touzain F, Lucas P, Méric G, Mageiros L, Sheppard SK, Chemaly M, Rivoal K. Ruminant and chicken: important sources of campylobacteriosis in France despite a variation of source attribution in 2009 and 2015. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9305. [PMID: 29915208 PMCID: PMC6006168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen source attribution studies are a useful tool for identifying reservoirs of human infection. Based on Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) data, such studies have identified chicken as a major source of C. jejuni human infection. The use of whole genome sequence-based typing methods offers potential to improve the precision of attribution beyond that which is possible from 7 MLST loci. Using published data and 156 novel C. jejuni genomes sequenced in this study, we performed probabilistic host source attribution of clinical C. jejuni isolates from France using three types of genotype data: comparative genomic fingerprints; MLST genes; 15 host segregating genes previously identified by whole genome sequencing. Consistent with previous studies, chicken was an important source of campylobacteriosis in France (31-63% of clinical isolates assigned). There was also evidence that ruminants are a source (22-55% of clinical isolates assigned), suggesting that further investigation of potential transmission routes from ruminants to human would be useful. Additionally, we found evidence of environmental and pet sources. However, the relative importance as sources varied according to the year of isolation and the genotyping technique used. Annual variations in attribution emphasize the dynamic nature of zoonotic transmission and the need to perform source attribution regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Thépault
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Rose
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Ségolène Quesne
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Véronique Béven
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Fabrice Touzain
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Guillaume Méric
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardos Mageiros
- Swansea University, Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Singleton Campus, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Katell Rivoal
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France.
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12
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O'Hara GA, Fitchett JRA, Klein JL. Campylobacter bacteremia in London: A 44-year single-center study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017. [PMID: 28629878 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Campylobacter species are a well-recognized but rare cause of bloodstream infection. METHODS Here we reviewed 41 cases of Campylobacter bloodstream infection occurring at a single center in London over 44years, comprising 0.2% of all recorded episodes during this time period. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 46years and, contrasting with previous reports, nearly 50% of our patients did not have significant comorbidities. Ciprofloxacin resistance increased over the study period with 35% of isolates overall being resistant compared with only 3% exhibiting macrolide resistance. Despite a minority of patients receiving appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, overall mortality was only 7%. CONCLUSION Campylobacter bacteremia remains a rare but significant cause of morbidity with a low associated mortality. Underlying immunosuppressive conditions are common but by no means universal. In our setting, macrolides would be favored as empirical agents to treat suspected Campylobacter enteritis, including cases with associated bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine A O'Hara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | | | - John L Klein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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13
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Lapierre L, Gatica MA, Riquelme V, Vergara C, Yañez JM, San Martín B, Sáenz L, Vidal M, Martínez MC, Araya P, Flores R, Duery O, Vidal R. Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Its Association with Virulence Genes Related to Adherence, Invasion, and Cytotoxicity inCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliIsolates from Animals, Meat, and Humans. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:432-44. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Lapierre
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María A. Gatica
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Riquelme
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Vergara
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Yañez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betty San Martín
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maricel Vidal
- Environmental Health Department, Ministry of Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pamela Araya
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Flores
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Duery
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from retail food in China. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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He Y, Reed S, Bhunia AK, Gehring A, Nguyen LH, Irwin PL. Rapid identification and classification of Campylobacter spp. using laser optical scattering technology. Food Microbiol 2015; 47:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Abd El-Baky RM, Sakhy M, Gad GFM. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and genotyping of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 32:240-6. [PMID: 25008814 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.136550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 125 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis. The identification of isolates was performed with conventional methods as well as with molecular methods based on 16SrRNA species-specific gene amplification by PCR and product analysis. Resistance pattern of the isolated strains was determined using agar dilution method. RESULTS Conventional methods including sodium hippurate hydrolysis revealed that 12 (9.6%) samples were positive for Campylobacter species. Ten out of 12 Campylobacter spp. were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and 2 as Campylobacter coli but PCR assay revealed that five samples only were positive for Campylobacter and all were C. jejuni. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials was performed and all isolates (five isolates of C. jejuni) were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and amikacin but all were resistant to ceftriaxone. CONCLUSION PCR assay method allows reliable detection of C. jejuni. C. jejuni was the most prevalent Campylobacter species. Gentamicin, amikacin and chloramphenicol were the most effective antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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17
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Khan IUH, Gannon V, Jokinen CC, Kent R, Koning W, Lapen DR, Medeiros D, Miller J, Neumann NF, Phillips R, Schreier H, Topp E, van Bochove E, Wilkes G, Edge TA. A national investigation of the prevalence and diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species in agricultural watersheds in Canada. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 61:243-252. [PMID: 24930011 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species (C. jejuni, coli, and lari) were studied in water samples from four river basins located across Canada. These basins located in Quebec (Bras d'Henri), Alberta (Oldman), Ontario (South Nation), and British Columbia (Sumas) represented some of the most intensive farming areas in Canada for hog, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and poultry, respectively. This study analyzed 769 water samples collected from 23 monitoring sites with agricultural influence, and four reference sites with limited or no agricultural influence. Water samples were collected bi-weekly over two years and analyzed for Campylobacter using a semi-quantitative minimum probable number (MPN) enrichment protocol. Putative isolates were confirmed by genus- and species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. A total of 377 (49%) water samples were positive for campylobacters with 355 samples having a cell density ranging from 4 to 4000 MPN L(-1). Campylobacters were more common at agricultural than reference sites in each river basin, although this difference was not significant in the Oldman and South Nation (p > 0.05). Campylobacter was significantly more common in the Bras d'Henri and Sumas (63%) compared to the South Nation (45%) and Oldman (33%) River basins (p < 0.05). C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari were detected in each river basin, and these species occurred in 45% (n = 168), 34% (n = 128) and 19% (n = 73), of all Campylobacter positive samples, respectively. The remaining Campylobacter positive water samples without these three species (n = 67; 18%) were identified as other Campylobacter species. C. jejuni was the predominant species occurring in the Sumas, Oldman and South Nation River basins. However, in the Bras d'Henri River basin with intensive hog production, C. coli was the predominant species. This study found campylobacters to be common in some agricultural systems with intensive livestock farming activities, and different river basins could have strikingly different profiles of either C. jejuni or C. coli as the predominant waterborne thermophilic Campylobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar U H Khan
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division (WHERD), Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW), Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada; Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, K1A 0C6 Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vic Gannon
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cassandra C Jokinen
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Farm Irrigation Water Division, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rob Kent
- National Water Quality Monitoring, Water Science and Technology, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - David R Lapen
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, K1A 0C6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane Medeiros
- Water, and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Miller
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Rob Phillips
- National Water Quality Monitoring, Water Science and Technology, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans Schreier
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric van Bochove
- Soils and Crop Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Graham Wilkes
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre (ECORC), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, K1A 0C6 Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas A Edge
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division (WHERD), Canada Centre for Inland Waters (CCIW), Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington L7R 4A6, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Messad S, Hamdi TM, Bouhamed R, Ramdani-Bouguessa N, Tazir M. Frequency of contamination and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from some broiler farms and slaughterhouses in the region of Algiers. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ruiz-Castillo A, Torres-Sánchez MJ, Aznar-Martín J. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter coli clinical isolates. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:443-5. [PMID: 24768104 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Campylobacter spp. is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide, and C. coli is responsible for 10% of the cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study was made of the antimicrobial susceptibility using the E-test(®), and the clonal relationship using PCR-RFLP, of the flaA gene, as well as PFGE techniques on 43 C. coli clinical isolates. RESULTS Only 49% and 2% of the isolates were susceptible to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Imipenem and clindamyicn, with 100% and 84% of the strains, respectively, being susceptible, were the most active antimicrobials. The PCR-RFLP of flaA gene technique grouped fourteen isolates into six clusters, while the PFGE technique grouped eleven isolates into five clusters. CONCLUSION Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin are not suitable for the treatment of C. coli infections. Clindamycin could be considered as a therapeutic alternative in cases of enteritis, while imipenem is the best alternative for extra-intestinal infections. Both PFGE and PCR-RFLP can be useful to detect clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Castillo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Javier Aznar-Martín
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
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Abay S, Kayman T, Otlu B, Hizlisoy H, Aydin F, Ertas N. Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry and humans in Turkey. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 178:29-38. [PMID: 24667316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the investigation of clonal relations between human and poultry Campylobacter jejuni isolates and the determination of susceptibilities of isolates to various antibiotics were aimed. A total of 200 C. jejuni isolates concurrently obtained from 100 chicken carcasses and 100 humans were genotyped by the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and automated Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR (Rep-PCR, DiversiLab system) methods and were tested for their susceptibility to six antibiotics with disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of ciprofloxacin (CI), enrofloxacin (EF) and erythromycin (EM) were evaluated by E-test. By using PFGE 174 of (87.0%) the isolates were able to be typed. The clonally related strains were placed in 35 different clusters and 115 different genotypes were obtained. All of the two hundred isolates could be typed by using Rep-PCR and were divided into 133 different genotypes. One hundred and fourteen clonally related isolates (57.0%) were included in 47 clusters. In disk diffusion test, while the susceptibility rates of AMC and S to human and chicken derived C. jejuni isolates were 84.0%-96.0% and 96.0%-98.0%, respectively, all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin. The resistance rates of human isolates to AMP, NA and TE were detected as 44.0%, 84.0% and 38.0% of the resistances of chicken isolates to these antibiotics were 34.0%, 95.0% and 56.0%, respectively. The MIC values of human and chicken isolates to CI, EF and EM were detected as 81.0-93.0%, 85.0-88.0% and 6.0-7.0%, respectively. The clonal proximity rates were detected between human and poultry origin C. jejuni isolates. The discriminatory power of PFGE and Rep-PCR was similar, with Simpson's diversity indexes of 0.993 and 0.995, respectively. Concordance of the two methods as determined by Adjusted Rand coefficient was 0.198 which showed the low congruence between Rep-PCR and PFGE. High rates of quinolone resistance were detected in C. jejuni isolates. This study demonstrated that chicken meat played an important role for infections caused by C. jejuni in Turkey and erythromycin, amoxicillin clavulanic acid and gentamicin are recommended for the treatment of Campylobacteriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Abay
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Kayman
- Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Baris Otlu
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harun Hizlisoy
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Ertas
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Kayseri, Turkey
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Sterk A, Schijven J, de Nijs T, de Roda Husman AM. Direct and indirect effects of climate change on the risk of infection by water-transmitted pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:12648-12660. [PMID: 24125400 DOI: 10.1021/es403549s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is likely to affect the infectious disease burden from exposure to pathogens in water used for drinking and recreation. Effective intervention measures require quantification of impacts of climate change on the distribution of pathogens in the environment and their potential effects on human health. Objectives of this systematic review were to summarize current knowledge available to estimate how climate change may directly and indirectly affect infection risks due to Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, norovirus, and Vibrio. Secondary objectives were to prioritize natural processes and interactions that are susceptible to climate change and to identify knowledge gaps. Search strategies were determined based on a conceptual model and scenarios with the main emphasis on The Netherlands. The literature search resulted in a large quantity of publications on climate variables affecting pathogen input and behavior in aquatic environments. However, not all processes and pathogens are evenly covered by the literature, and in many cases, the direction of change is still unclear. To make useful predictions of climate change, it is necessary to combine both negative and positive effects. This review provides an overview of the most important effects of climate change on human health and shows the importance of QMRA to quantify the net effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankie Sterk
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Yin C, Li H, Zhang B, Liu Y, Lu G, Lu S, Sun L, Qi Y, Li X, Chen W. RAGE-binding S100A8/A9 promotes the migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells through actin polymerization and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 142:297-309. [PMID: 24177755 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
S100A8/A9 proteins are members of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins secreted by neutrophils and activated monocytes. S100A8/A9 has cell growth-promoting activity at low concentrations by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). In this study, we report for the first time that S100A8/A9 promoted the invasion of breast cancer cells depending on RAGE. In addition, RAGE binding to S100A8/A9 promoted the phosphorylation of LIN-11, Isl1, and MEC-3 protein domain kinase, as well as cofilin. This phosphorylation is a critical step in cofilin recycling and actin polymerization. Interestingly, RAGE binding to S100A8/A9 enhanced cell mesenchymal properties and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, RAGE binding to S100A8/A9 stabilized Snail through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on these observations, RAGE expression in breast cancer cells was associated with lymph node and distant metastases in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. Moreover, RAGE binding to S100A8/A9 promoted lung metastasis in vivo. In summary, our in vitro and in vivo results indicated that RAGE binding to S100A8/A9 played an important role in breast cancer invasion/metastasis. This study identified both RAGE and S100A8/A9 as potential anti-invasion targets for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonggao Yin
- College of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
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Susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates from river water in Brittany, France. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:84-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Louwen R, van Baarlen P, van Vliet AHM, van Belkum A, Hays JP, Endtz HP. Campylobacter bacteremia: a rare and under-reported event? Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:76-87. [PMID: 24611124 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the species Campylobacter are the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea in humans. The clinical phenotype associated with Campylobacter infections ranges from asymptomatic conditions to severe colitis and bacteremia. In susceptible patients, Campylobacter infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with both host factors and bacterial factors being involved in the pathogenesis of bacteremia. In the host, age, gender and immune-compromising conditions may predispose for Campylobacter infections, whilst the most important bacterial determinants mentioned in the literature are cytotoxin production and flagellar motility. The role of sialylated lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) and serum resistance in bacteremia is inconclusive at this time, and the clinical significance of Campylobacter bacteremia is not yet fully understood. More emphasis on the detection of Campylobacter species from blood cultures in susceptible patients at risk for Campylobacter infections will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis and the relevance of Campylobacter bacteremia.
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Marinou I, Bersimis S, Ioannidis A, Nicolaou C, Mitroussia-Ziouva A, Legakis NJ, Chatzipanagiotou S. Identification and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from animal sources. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:58. [PMID: 22375138 PMCID: PMC3285770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Campylobacter spp. are together with Salmonella spp. the leading causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The most commonly isolated species in humans are Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. The isolation, identification, and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. from poultry and raw meat from slaughterhouses, has been investigated for the first time in Greece. During the period from August 2005 to November 2008 a total of 1080 samples were collected: (a) 830 fecal samples from five poultry farms, (b) 150 cecal samples from chicken carcasses in a slaughterhouse, and (c) 100 fecal samples from one pig farm near the region of Attica. The identification of the isolates was performed with conventional (sodium hippurate hydrolysis and commercial identification system (Api CAMPY system, bioMerieux, France), as well as with and molecular methods based on 16S rRNA species specific gene amplification by PCR and subsequent sequence analysis of the PCR products. Results: Sixteen Campylobacter strains were isolated, all collected from the poultry farms. None of the strains was identified as C. jejuni. Antimicrobial susceptibility to six antimicrobials was performed and all the strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, and gentamicin. Thirteen out of 14 C. coli were resistant to erythromycin and all C. coli strains were resistant to ampicillin. Conclusion: Our results emphasize the need for a surveillance and monitoring system with respect to the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in poultry, as well as for the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Marinou
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, University of Athens Athens, Greece
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Development of a rapid and sensitive method combining a cellulose ester microfilter and a real-time quantitative PCR assay to detect Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in 20 liters of drinking water or low-turbidity waters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 78:839-45. [PMID: 22138985 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06754-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in samples of drinking water suspected of being at the origin of an outbreak very often lead to negative results. One of the reasons for this failure is the small volume of water typically used for detecting these pathogens (10 to 1,000 ml). The efficiencies of three microfilters and different elution procedures were determined using real-time quantitative PCR to propose a procedure allowing detection of Campylobacter in 20 liters of drinking water or low-turbidity water samples. The results showed that more than 80% of the bacteria inoculated in 1 liter of drinking water were retained on each microfilter. An elution with a solution containing 3% beef extract, 0.05 M glycine at pH 9, combined with direct extraction of the bacterial genomes retained on the cellulose ester microfilter, allowed recovery of 87.3% (±22% [standard deviation]) of Campylobacter per 1 liter of tap water. Recoveries obtained from 20-liter volumes of tap water spiked with a C. coli strain were 69.5% (±10.3%) and 78.5% (±15.1%) for 91 CFU and 36 CFU, respectively. Finally, tests performed on eight samples of 20 liters of groundwater collected from an alluvial well used for the production of drinking water revealed the presence of C. jejuni and C. coli genomes, whereas no bacteria were detected with the normative culture method in volumes ranging from 10 to 1,000 ml. In the absence of available epidemiological data and information on bacterial viability, these last results indicate only that the water resource is not protected from contamination by Campylobacter.
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