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Gudgeon JM, Varner MW, Hao J, Williams MS. Model-Based Re-Examination of the Effectiveness of Tumor/Immunohistochemistry and Direct-to-Sequencing Protocols for Lynch Syndrome Case Finding in Endometrial Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e1785-e1793. [PMID: 33886346 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite widespread provision of Lynch syndrome (LS) screening programs, questions remain about the most effective and efficient protocol for LS case finding. The purpose of this study was to explore the performance of the two protocols widely shown to be the most efficient and effective, respectively: immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tumor and direct-to-sequencing (DtS) in endometrial cancer populations. METHODS Simulation models were developed to explore performance of the IHC and DtS protocols, updated to reflect current evidence. Analyses explicitly account for protocol complexity and failure points, as well as decreased sequencing costs. Key outcomes are percent of LS cases identified, total protocol costs and efficiency, and break-even analyses of sequencing costs. All costs are in 2020 US dollars (USD). RESULTS Under plausible conditions, the IHC protocol is expected to identify 40%-78% of LS cases and DtS protocol from 49% to 97%. When the key variable success in proceeding to sequencing is fixed for both protocols at 50%, 75%, and 100%, the DtS protocol is 9%, 12%, and 16% better at case finding, respectively, than the IHC protocol. The break-even cost of sequencing is about $488 USD when the outcome is total direct testing protocol costs; it is about $670 USD when the outcome is cost per LS case detected. CONCLUSION This study quantifies the plausible differences in the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the two LS case-finding protocols. We demonstrate the large influence of success in proceeding to sequencing and potential impact of decreasing sequencing prices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Hao
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA
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2
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Zwaenepoel K, Holmgaard Duelund J, De Winne K, Maes V, Weyn C, Lambin S, Dendooven R, Broeckx G, Steiniche T, Pauwels P. Clinical Performance of the Idylla MSI Test for a Rapid Assessment of the DNA Microsatellite Status in Human Colorectal Cancer. J Mol Diagn 2019; 22:386-395. [PMID: 31881332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the clinical performance of the Idylla MSI test (investigational use only) was evaluated in 330 colorectal carcinoma samples (all stages). This test is fully automated, from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded slide to result, and gives a result in <2.5 hours. Compared with the Promega MSI Analysis System version 1.2, an overall agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.7%, 98.7%, and 100%, respectively, was reached. Whereas seven samples were invalid with the Promega MSI Analysis System, only two were invalid with the Idylla MSI test. Compared with the historical immunohistochemistry (IHC) data, overall agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of 98.7%, 94.4%, and 100%, respectively, were observed. Tumor mutation burden analysis of the discordant IHC cases was in favor of the Idylla MSI test result in three of the four samples. Furthermore, for those cases where the IHC data were invalid or hard to interpret because sole loss of one DNA mismatch repair deficiency marker was observed, Idylla MSI test results were always valid and accurate. Herein, the Idylla MSI test has been shown to be an accurate, fast screening assay for the detection of microsatellite status in colorectal cancer patients, with a low number of invalid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Zwaenepoel
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | | | - Koen De Winne
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vincent Maes
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Christine Weyn
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Suzan Lambin
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Robina Dendooven
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Glenn Broeckx
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Ryan N, Wall J, Crosbie EJ, Arends M, Bosse T, Arif S, Faruqi A, Frayling I, Ganesan R, Hock YL, McMahon R, Manchanda R, McCluggage WG, Mukonoweshuro P, van Schalkwyk G, Side L, Smith JH, Tanchel B, Evans DG, Gilks CB, Singh N. Lynch syndrome screening in gynaecological cancers: results of an international survey with recommendations for uniform reporting terminology for mismatch repair immunohistochemistry results. Histopathology 2019; 75:813-824. [PMID: 31310679 DOI: 10.1111/his.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lynch syndrome (LS) is associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial carcinoma (EC) and ovarian carcinoma (OC). There is considerable variability in current practices and opinions related to screening of newly diagnosed patients with EC/OC for LS. An online survey was undertaken to explore the extent of these differences. METHODS AND RESULTS An online questionnaire was developed by a panel of experts and sent to all members of the British Association of Gynaecological Pathologists (BAGP) and the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists (ISGyP). Anonymised results were received and analysed. Thirty-six BAGP and 44 ISGyP members completed the survey. More than 90% of respondents were aware of the association of LS with both EC and OC, but 34% were not aware of specific guidelines for LS screening. Seventy-one per cent of respondents agreed that universal screening for LS should be carried out in all newly diagnosed EC cases, with immunohistochemistry (IHC) alone as the preferred approach. Only 36% of respondents currently performed IHC or microsatellite instability testing on all newly diagnosed EC cases, with most of the remaining respondents practising selective screening, based on clinical or pathological features or both. A significant minority of respondents (35%) believed that patient consent was required before performance of mismatch repair (MMR) protein IHC. Almost all respondents favoured the use of standardised terminology for reporting MMR protein staining results, and this is proposed herein. CONCLUSION There is wide support for universal LS screening in patients with EC, but this survey highlights areas of considerable variation in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ryan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Johanna Wall
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Arends
- Division of Pathology & Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Pathology Department, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saimah Arif
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, UK
| | - Asma Faruqi
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian Frayling
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Raji Ganesan
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ye L Hock
- Department of Histopathology, Manor Hospital, Walsall Healthcare NHS Trust, Walsall, UK
| | - Raymond McMahon
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ranjit Manchanda
- Department of Surgical Gynaecological Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Lucy Side
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - John H Smith
- Sheffield Department of Histopathology & Cytology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bruce Tanchel
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Gudgeon JM, Varner MW, Hashibe M, Williams MS. Is immunohistochemistry-based screening for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancer effective? The consent's the thing. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:131-137. [PMID: 31130287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the plausible failure rate of the immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based screening protocol to identify Lynch syndrome (LS) index cases among endometrial cancer (EC) patients. METHODS We developed a simulation model of the IHC protocol in this context. The model was populated from systematic and focused reviews, augmented with local data and expert opinion. The virtual cohort represents the number of women expected to be diagnosed with EC in the U.S. in 2018. The outcomes include protocol failure rates and LS cases missed in a variety of hypothetical scenarios. RESULTS The best estimate of failure rate of the IHC protocol is 58%; minimum and maximum estimates are 33% and 80%, respectively. These failure rates are driven primarily by the high rates of failure to obtain consent from patients for sequencing (25% to 80%). The multiple imperfect tests and potential failure points in this protocol, collectively, make up 7% to 20% of the total failure rate. When consent for sequencing was fixed in the model at 25%, 50%, and 80%; the expected ranges for index case identification failure are 78%-82%, 57%-64%, and 29%-42%, respectively. CONCLUSION The primary driver of failure to identify index cases remains consent for sequencing. Consent rates have shown little improvement since LS screening programs were instituted in the U.S., leaving us to conclude these high failure rates are resistant to substantial improvement. These missed opportunities will be magnified because cascade screening for carrier status among family members will not be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gudgeon
- Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America.
| | - Michael W Varner
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132.
| | - Mia Hashibe
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Division of Public Health, Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112.
| | - Marc S Williams
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States of America; Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, 100 N Academy Dr., Mail Stop 26-20, Danville, PA 17822-2620.
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Khoury JD, Wang WL, Prieto VG, Medeiros LJ, Kalhor N, Hameed M, Broaddus R, Hamilton SR. Validation of Immunohistochemical Assays for Integral Biomarkers in the NCI-MATCH EAY131 Clinical Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:521-531. [PMID: 28839110 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers that guide therapy selection are gaining unprecedented importance as targeted therapy options increase in scope and complexity. In conjunction with high-throughput molecular techniques, therapy-guiding biomarker assays based upon immunohistochemistry (IHC) have a critical role in cancer care in that they inform about the expression status of a protein target. Here, we describe the validation procedures for four clinical IHC biomarker assays-PTEN, RB, MLH1, and MSH2-for use as integral biomarkers in the nationwide NCI-Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH) EAY131 clinical trial. Validation procedures were developed through an iterative process based on collective experience and adaptation of broad guidelines from the FDA. The steps included primary antibody selection; assay optimization; development of assay interpretation criteria incorporating biological considerations; and expected staining patterns, including indeterminate results, orthogonal validation, and tissue validation. Following assay lockdown, patient samples and cell lines were used for analytic and clinical validation. The assays were then approved as laboratory-developed tests and used for clinical trial decisions for treatment selection. Calculations of sensitivity and specificity were undertaken using various definitions of gold-standard references, and external validation was required for the PTEN IHC assay. In conclusion, validation of IHC biomarker assays critical for guiding therapy in clinical trials is feasible using comprehensive preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic steps. Implementation of standardized guidelines provides a useful framework for validating IHC biomarker assays that allow for reproducibility across institutions for routine clinical use. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 521-31. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Victor G Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stanley R Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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