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Wang J, Xue Y, Wu B, Lei M, Ma H, He X, Tan Q, Guan J, Song W, Li R, Cui X. Toxic effect and mRNA mechanism of moon dust simulant induced pulmonary inflammation in rats. Toxicology 2024; 505:153805. [PMID: 38621634 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Moon dust presents a significant hazard to manned moon exploration missions, yet our understanding of its toxicity remains limited. The objective of this study is to investigate the pattern and mechanism of lung inflammation induced by subacute exposure to moon dust simulants (MDS) in rats. SD rats were exposed to MDS and silica dioxide through oral and nasal inhalation for 6 hours per day continuously for 15 days. Pathological analysis indicated that the toxicity of MDS was lower than that of silica dioxide. MDS led to a notable recruitment and infiltration of macrophages in the rat lungs. Material characterization and biochemical analysis revealed that SiO2, Fe2O3, and TiO2 could be crucial sources of MDS toxicity. The study revealed that MDS-induced oxidative stress response can lead to pulmonary inflammation, which potentially may progress to lung fibrosis. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that MDS suppresses the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, triggers the Tnfr2 non-classical NF-kB pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway, ultimately causing lung inflammation and activating predominantly antioxidant immune responses. Moreover, the study identified the involvement of upregulated genes IL1b, csf2, and Sod2 in regulating immune responses in rat lungs, making them potential key targets for preventing pulmonary toxicity related to moon dust exposure. These findings are expected to aid in safeguarding astronauts against the hazardous effects of moon dust and offer fresh insights into the implications and mechanisms of moon dust toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Lei
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Ma
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxing He
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Renfu Li
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinguang Cui
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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