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Liu W, Zhou H, Lai W, Hu C, Xu R, Gu P, Luo M, Zhang R, Li G. The immunosuppressive landscape in tumor microenvironment. Immunol Res 2024; 72:566-582. [PMID: 38691319 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized the clinical outcome of many cancer patients. Despite the fact that impressive progress has been made in recent decades, the response rate remains unsatisfactory, and many patients do not benefit from ICIs. Herein, we summarized advanced studies and the latest insights on immune inhibitory factors in the tumor microenvironment. Our in-depth discussion and updated landscape of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment may provide new strategies for reversing tumor immune evasion, enhancing the efficacy of ICIs therapy, and ultimately achieving a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Huyue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Menglin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 83 Xinqiao Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Wang F, Bai J, Li F, Liu J, Wang Y, Li N, Wang Y, Xu J, Liu W, Xu L, Chen L. Investigation of the mechanism of the anti-cancer effects of Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (A&P) on melanoma via network pharmacology and experimental verification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895738. [PMID: 36034875 PMCID: PMC9411814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a commonly malignant cutaneous tumor in China. Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (A&P) have been clinically used as adjunctive drugs in the treatment of malignant melanoma. However, the effect and mechanism of A&P on melanoma have yet to be explored. The current investigation seeks to characterize the active components of A&P and their potential roles in treating malignant melanoma using network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experiments. We first used the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to identify a total of 13 effective compounds within A&P. 70 common genes were obtained by matching 487 potential genes of A&P with 464 melanoma-related genes, and then we built up protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these 70 genes, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The results revealed that A&P might influence the pathobiology of melanoma through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Molecular docking also confirmed that higher content of ingredients in A&P, including hederagenin, quercetin, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, had a strong binding activity (affinity < −5 kcal/mol) with the core targets AKT1, MAPK3 and ESR1. Furthermore, we confirmed A&P could inhibit melanoma cells proliferation and induce cells apoptosis through suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by in vitro and in vivo xenograft model experiments. These findings indicate that A&P may function as a useful therapy for melanoma through the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wanbao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen,
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3
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Novel therapeutic strategy for melanoma based on albendazole and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5706. [PMID: 35383224 PMCID: PMC8983746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an increasing number of patients benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapies, melanoma remains incurable with increasing incidence. Drug repositioning and repurposing is an alternative strategy to discover and develop novel anticancer drugs or combined therapeutic regimens. In this study, we demonstrated that albendazole (ABZ), an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent, significantly inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry analysis revealed that ABZ arrests melanoma cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and induces cell apoptosis. More importantly, the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, as a member of the first and only class of highly specific CDK inhibitors approved for cancer treatment to date, showed significant synergistic effects with ABZ treatment in melanoma cells and mouse models. Taken together, we revealed a previously unappreciated function of ABZ in antimelanoma proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and provided a novel combined therapeutic regimen of ABZ plus CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment in melanoma.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Scolyer
- Senior Associate Editor, Pathology, Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Hashimoto K, Nishimura S, Ito T, Akagi M. Characterization of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint expression in soft tissue sarcomas. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34218652 PMCID: PMC8273625 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint system are used for treating various malignancies. However, evidence on their use in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is limited. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the relationship between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and related antigens in STS, and their association with clinical characteristics. Immunostaining for CD4, CD8, PD-1, PD-L1, IL-2, and IFN-γ was performed using pathological specimens harvested at the time of biopsy from 10 patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), nine with myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), and three with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) who were treated at our hospital. Subsequently, the positive immunostaining cell rates were calculated. We also examined the correlation between each immune positive cell rate and age, tissue grade, size, and maximum standardized uptake (SUV-max) values. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between the positive and negative groups (positive rate >10%; negative <10%) for various immune stains. The positive rates were also compared between the presence and absence of events groups. There was positive staining for the immune checkpoint molecules in every STS type except for PD-1 in MPNST. CD4, CD8, and PD-1 stained lymphocytes in close proximity to the tumor in adjacent tissue sections. A positive correlation was observed between the positive cell rates of each immune component including inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-γ. Additionally, the clinical features positively correlated with the positive PD-1/PD-L1 expression rates. No significant differences in the 3-EFS and OS rates were observed between the PD-1/PD-L1 positive and negative groups. Our results suggest that an inducible immune checkpoint mechanism may be involved in UPS, MFS, and MPNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka.
| | - Shunji Nishimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka.
| | - Tomohiko Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka.
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka.
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Ahmed R, Muralidharan R, Srivastava A, Johnston SE, Zhao YD, Ekmekcioglu S, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Molecular Targeting of HuR Oncoprotein Suppresses MITF and Induces Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020166. [PMID: 33418925 PMCID: PMC7825065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The human antigen R (HuR) protein regulates the expression of hundreds of proteins in a cell that support tumor growth, drug resistance, and metastases. HuR is overexpressed in several human cancers, including melanoma, and is a molecular target for cancer therapy. Our study objective, therefore, was to develop HuR-targeted therapy for melanoma. We identified that HuR regulates the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) that has been implicated in both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance in melanoma and is a putative therapeutic target in melanoma. Using a gene therapeutic approach, we demonstrated silencing of HuR reduced MITF protein expression and inhibited the growth of melanoma cells but not normal melanocytes. However, combining HuR-targeted therapy with a small molecule MEK inhibitor suppressed MITF and produced a synergistic antitumor activity against melanoma cells. Our study results demonstrate that HuR is a promising target for melanoma treatment and offers new combinatorial treatment strategies for overriding MITF-mediated drug resistance. Abstract Background: Treatment of metastatic melanoma possesses challenges due to drug resistance and metastases. Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have shown clinical benefits in melanoma patients with increased survival. However, a subset of patients who initially respond to targeted therapy relapse and succumb to the disease. Therefore, efforts to identify new therapeutic targets are underway. Due to its role in stabilizing several oncoproteins’ mRNA, the human antigen R (HuR) has been shown as a promising molecular target for cancer therapy. However, little is known about its potential role in melanoma treatment. Methods: In this study, we tested the impact of siRNA-mediated gene silencing of HuR in human melanoma (MeWo, A375) and normal melanocyte cells in vitro. Cells were treated with HuR siRNA encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle (NP) either alone or in combination with MEK inhibitor (U0126) and subjected to cell viability, cell-cycle, apoptosis, Western blotting, and cell migration and invasion assays. Cells that were untreated or treated with control siRNA-NP (C-NP) were included as controls. Results: HuR-NP treatment significantly reduced the expression of HuR and HuR-regulated oncoproteins, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, activated apoptosis signaling cascade, and mitigated melanoma cells’ aggressiveness while sparing normal melanocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HuR-NP treatment significantly reduced the expression of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in both MeWo and MITF-overexpressing MeWo cells (p < 0.05). Finally, combining HuR-NP with U0126 resulted in synergistic antitumor activity against MeWo cells (p < 0.01). Conclusion: HuR-NP exhibited antitumor activity in melanoma cells independent of their oncogenic B-RAF mutational status. Additionally, combinatorial therapy incorporating MEK inhibitor holds promise in overriding MITF-mediated drug resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebaz Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.A.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ranganayaki Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.A.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (Y.D.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.A.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (Y.D.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Sarah E. Johnston
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Yan D. Zhao
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (Y.D.Z.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Suhendan Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (Y.D.Z.); (A.M.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (R.A.); (R.M.); (A.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (Y.D.Z.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-271-6101
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Srinivasa K, Cross KA, Dahiya S. BRAF Alteration in Central and Peripheral Nervous System Tumors. Front Oncol 2020; 10:574974. [PMID: 33042847 PMCID: PMC7523461 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF (alternately referred to as v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) is a proto-oncogene involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. BRAF alterations are most commonly missense mutations or aberrant fusions. These mutations are observed in numerous primary central nervous system tumors as well as metastases. This review discusses the prevalence of BRAF alteration within select notable CNS tumors, and their prognostic associations. Included are some novel entities such as diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT), polymorphous low grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY), and multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT). Knowledge of this gene’s integrity in CNS and PNS tumors can have profound diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Also reviewed are the current state of targeted therapy against aberrant BRAF as it pertains mostly to the CNS and to a lesser extent in PNS, and certain diagnostic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Srinivasa
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kevin A Cross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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8
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Park C, Lee H, Hwangbo H, Ji SY, Kim MY, Kim SY, Hong SH, Kim GY, Choi YH. Ethanol Extract of Hizikia fusiforme Induces Apoptosis in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells through ROS-Dependent Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1275-1282. [PMID: 32458633 PMCID: PMC7541858 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that Hizikia fusiforme, an edible brown seaweed, has diverse health-promoting effects; however, evidence for its anti-cancer potential is still lacking. In this study, we examined the effect of ethanol extract of H. fusiforme (EHF) on the proliferation of B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. METHODS Analyses of cell viability and apoptosis were performed to study the actions of EHF on B16F10 cells. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured using a flow cytometer. Western blot analysis was carried out to measure apoptosis and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling related proteins. RESULTS EHF treatment significantly decreased B16F10 cell viability, which was associated with induction of apoptosis. EHF activated caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are involved in the initiation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively, and also increased caspase-3 activity, a typical effect caspase, subsequently leading to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. In addition, EHF destroyed the integrity of mitochondria and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which contributed to cytosolic release of cytochrome c. EHF further enhanced intracellular levels of ROS and the addition of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, significantly diminished EHF-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and growth inhibition. Moreover, EHF inactivated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, increased the apoptosis-inducing effect of EHF. However, increased apoptosis and reduced cell viability by simultaneous treatment of EHF and LY294002 were significantly attenuated in the presence of NAC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that EHF induces apoptosis through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways and ROS-dependent inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling in B16F10 cells. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Young Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Wunder JS, Lee MJ, Nam J, Lau BY, Dickson BC, Pinnaduwage D, Bull SB, Ferguson PC, Seto A, Gokgoz N, Andrulis IL. Osteosarcoma and soft-tissue sarcomas with an immune infiltrate express PD-L1: relation to clinical outcome and Th1 pathway activation. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1737385. [PMID: 33457085 PMCID: PMC7790526 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1737385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint proteins, such as PD-L1 and PD-1, are important in several cancers; however, their role in osteosarcoma (OSA) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS) remains unclear. Our aims were to determine whether subsets of OSA/STS harbor tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and express PD-L1, and how PD-L1 expression is related to clinical outcome. Tissue sections of 25 cases each of untreated undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), liposarcoma (LPS) and 24 of leiomyosarcoma (LMS) were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) for immune cells, PD-L1 and PD-1. RT-qPCR was utilized to quantify levels of PD-L1 mRNA from 33 UPS, 57 MFS and 79 OSA primary-untreated specimens. PD-L1 mRNA levels were tested for their correlation with overall survival in patients presenting without metastases. Transcriptome analysis evaluated biological pathway differences between high and low PD-L1 expressers. A subset of UPS and MFS contained TILs and expressed PD-L1 and PD-1; LMS and LPS did not. PD-L1 levels by IHC and RT-qPCR were positively correlated. PD-L1 over-expression was associated with better survival for UPS and OSA, but not MFS. The Th1 pathway was significantly activated in UPS with high levels of PD-L1 and improved survival. Some sarcoma subtypes harbor TILs and express PD-L1. Patients with UPS and OSA with high levels of PD-L1 had better overall survival than those with low expression levels. Important biological pathways distinguish PD-L1 high and low groups. The stratification of patients with OSA/STS with respect to potential immune therapies may be improved through investigation of the expression of immune cells and checkpoint proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wunder
- University of Toronto Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minji J Lee
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junghyun Nam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beatrice Y Lau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- University of Toronto Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shelley B Bull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter C Ferguson
- University of Toronto Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Seto
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nalan Gokgoz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Nguyen BH, Montgomery R, Fadia M, Wang J, Ali S. PD-L1 expression associated with worse survival outcome in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:69-73. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bella Hai Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology; The Canberra Hospital; Garran ACT Australia
| | - Renn Montgomery
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; The Canberra Hospital; Garran ACT Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School; Acton ACT Australia
| | - Mitali Fadia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; The Canberra Hospital; Garran ACT Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School; Acton ACT Australia
| | - Jiali Wang
- Statistical Consulting Unit; The Australian National University; Acton ACT Australia
| | - Sayed Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology; The Canberra Hospital; Garran ACT Australia
- The Australian National University Medical School; Acton ACT Australia
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11
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PD-L1 Expression and Immune Escape in Melanoma Resistance to MAPK Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6054-6061. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Choi EO, Cho EJ, Jeong JW, Park C, Hong SH, Hwang HJ, Moon SK, Son CG, Kim WJ, Choi YH. Baicalein Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells through Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:213-221. [PMID: 27530117 PMCID: PMC5340547 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a natural flavonoid obtained from the rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to have anticancer activities in several human cancer cell lines. However, its antimetastatic effects and associated mechanisms in melanoma cells have not been extensively studied. The current study examined the effects of baicalein on cell motility and anti-invasive activity using mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. Within the noncytotoxic concentration range, baicalein significantly inhibited the cell motility and invasiveness of B16F10 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Baicalein also reduced the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9; however, the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 were concomitantly increased. The inhibitory effects of baicalein on cell motility and invasiveness were found to be associated with its tightening of tight junction (TJ), which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and downregulation of the claudin family of proteins. Additionally, treatment with baicalein markedly reduced the expression levels of lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylated Akt and the invasive activity in B16F10 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that baicalein inhibits B16F10 melanoma cell migration and invasion by reducing the expression of MMPs and tightening TJ through the suppression of claudin expression, possibly in association with a suppression of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences and Human Ecology, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 34929, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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Öztürk Sari Ş, Yilmaz İ, Taşkin OÇ, Narli Gİ, Şen F, Çomoğlu Ş, Firat P, Bİlgİç Bİ, Yilmazbayhan Dİ, Özlük Y, Büyükbabanİ N. BRAF, NRAS, KIT, TERT, GNAQ/GNA11 mutation profile analysis of head and neck mucosal melanomas: a study of 42 cases. Pathology 2017; 49:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Zhuchkov MV, Tarasova MA, Sonin DB. Nodular skin melanomas and dermatoscopic diagnostic therein. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2016. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2016-92-6-27-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The study of dermatoscopic pattern characteristics of nodular melanoma with the use of modified Kittler’s pattern analysis. Materials and methods. Clinical and dermatoscopis images of 127 patients with histologically distinctive nodular form of skin melanoma were examined. Nonpolarized dermoscopy of nodular melanoma foci was carried out to patients. Interpretation of obtained dermatoscopic images was performed with the use of pattern analysis modified by Harold Kittler. Main results. The two most important dermatoscopic features of nodular melanoma that distinguish it from other clinical types of this malignant tumor were revealed in our investigation: 1) the prevalence of dermatoscopis images with one pattern (structureless); 2) the prevalence of “grey dots, circles, clods” and “black peripheral dots and clods” as main features of nodular melanoma.
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15
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Atkinson V, Long GV, Menzies AM, McArthur G, Carlino MS, Millward M, Roberts-Thomson R, Brady B, Kefford R, Haydon A, Cebon J. Optimizing combination dabrafenib and trametinib therapy in BRAF mutation-positive advanced melanoma patients: Guidelines from Australian melanoma medical oncologists. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 12 Suppl 7:5-12. [PMID: 27905182 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BRAF mutations occur commonly in metastatic melanomas and inhibition of mutant BRAF and the downstream kinase MEK results in rapid tumor regression and prolonged survival in patients. Combined therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibition improves response rate, progression free survival and overall survival compared with single agent BRAF inhibition, and reduces the skin toxicity that is seen with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. However, this combination is associated with an increase in other toxicities, particularly drug-related pyrexia, which affects approximately 50% of patients treated with dabrafenib and trametinib (CombiDT). We provide guidance on managing adverse events likely to arise during treatment with combination BRAF and MEK inhibition with CombiDT: pyrexia, skin conditions, fatigue; and discuss management of CombiDT during surgery and radiotherapy. By improving tolerability and in particular preventing unnecessary treatment cessations or reduction in drug exposure, best outcomes can be achieved for patients undergoing CombiDT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Atkinson
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Greenslopes Private Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Grant McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin Brady
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Kefford
- Westmead Hospital and Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan Cebon
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre, Austin Health Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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17
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Advances in melanoma: revolutionary progress delivering improved patient management and outcomes. Pathology 2016; 48:105-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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