Brunner's gland cyst: a clinicopathological study of 25 cases highlighting an underappreciated lesion

Giant Brunner's Gland Hyperplasia of the Duodenum Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Fine Needle Biopsy and Treated by Laparoscopic Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery

A 57-year-old female was referred to our department for treatment of a duodenal submucosal tumor (SMT), which had been growing over the last five years. Computed tomography demonstrated a marginally enhanced mass, measuring 36 mm in diameter, containing internal multiple hypovascular areas. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle biopsy was performed using a 20-gauge core trap needle, and the specimens showed benign Brunner's glands. She underwent laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery and the SMT was completely removed without any adverse events. Histology of the resected tumor showed Brunner's gland hyperplasia (BGH). BGH is generally a benign lesion. However, an accurate diagnosis is required to avoid overtreatment when it mimics malignancy.

Duodenal Epithelial Polyps: A Clinicopathologic Review

CONTEXT.—

Duodenal epithelial polyps are reported in 1.5% to 3% of individuals referred for upper endoscopy. Most duodenal epithelial polyps are asymptomatic and nonneoplastic; however, a small subset is neoplastic and may progress to adenocarcinoma. Recent advances in immunohistochemical and molecular techniques have helped further characterize these polyps, shedding light on their origin, classification, and risk of progression to adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE.—

To provide a comprehensive clinicopathologic review of nonneoplastic and neoplastic duodenal epithelial polyps, with particular emphasis on recent developments in classification schemes and risk stratification based upon immunohistochemical and molecular profiles.

DATA SOURCES.—

This review is based on peer-reviewed literature and the authors' experiences.

CONCLUSIONS.—

In this review we provide an update on the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of duodenal epithelial polyps and discuss the surveillance recommendations and treatment options available. Particular attention should be placed on recognizing duodenal adenomas with intestinal, gastric, and serrated phenotype, as they have an increased risk of malignant transformation if not completely excised.