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Ingold N, Seviiri M, Ong JS, Neale RE, Pandeya N, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, Martin NG, Duffy DL, Khosrotehrani K, Hayward N, Montgomery GW, MacGregor S, Law MH. Exploring the Germline Genetics of In Situ and Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma: A Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2024:2822461. [PMID: 39141363 PMCID: PMC11325244 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Importance It is unknown whether germline genetic factors influence in situ melanoma risk differently than invasive melanoma risk. Objective To determine whether differences in risk of in situ melanoma and invasive melanoma are heritable. Design, Setting, and Participants Three genome-wide association study meta-analyses were conducted of in situ melanoma vs controls, invasive melanoma vs controls, and in situ vs invasive melanoma (case-case) using 4 population-based genetic cohorts: the UK Biobank, the FinnGen cohort, the QSkin Sun and Health Study, and the Queensland Study of Melanoma: Environmental and Genetic Associations (Q-MEGA). Melanoma status was determined using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes from cancer registry data. Data were collected from 1987 to 2022, and data were analyzed from September 2022 to June 2023. Exposure In situ and invasive cutaneous melanoma. Main Outcomes and Measures To test whether in situ and invasive melanoma have independent heritable components, genetic effect estimates were calculated for single-nucleotide variants (SNV; formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) throughout the genome for each melanoma. Then, SNV-based heritability was estimated, the genetic correlation between melanoma subtypes was assessed, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) were generated for in situ vs invasive status in Q-MEGA participants. Results A total of 6 genome-wide significant loci associated with in situ melanoma and 18 loci with invasive melanoma were identified. A strong genetic correlation (genetic r = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.76-1.15) was observed between the 2 classifications. Notably, loci near IRF4, KLF4, and HULC had significantly larger effects for in situ melanoma compared with invasive melanoma, while MC1R had a significantly larger effect on invasive melanoma compared with in situ melanoma. Heritability estimates were consistent for both, with in situ melanoma heritability of 6.7% (95% CI, 4.1-9.3) and invasive melanoma heritability of 4.9% (95% CI, 2.8-7.2). Finally, a PRS, derived from comparing invasive melanoma with in situ melanoma genetic risk, was on average significantly higher in participants with invasive melanoma (odds ratio per 1-SD increase in PRS, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.16-1.77). Conclusions and Relevance There is much shared genetic architecture between in situ melanoma and invasive melanoma. Despite indistinguishable heritability estimates between the melanoma classifications, PRS suggest germline genetics may influence whether a person gets in situ melanoma or invasive melanoma. PRS could potentially help stratify populations based on invasive melanoma risk, informing future screening programs without exacerbating the current burden of melanoma overdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ingold
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mathias Seviiri
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jue Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pandeya
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L Duffy
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland, Frazer Institute, Experimental Dermatology Group, Dermatology Research Centre, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Nicholas Hayward
- Oncogenomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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2
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Adamiak K, Gaida VA, Schäfer J, Bosse L, Diemer C, Reiter RJ, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Sionkowska A, Kleszczyński K. Melatonin/Sericin Wound Healing Patches: Implications for Melanoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4858. [PMID: 38732075 PMCID: PMC11084828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and sericin exhibit antioxidant properties and may be useful in topical wound healing patches by maintaining redox balance, cell integrity, and regulating the inflammatory response. In human skin, melatonin suppresses damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which involves numerous mechanisms associated with reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and enhancing apoptosis. Sericin is a protein mainly composed of glycine, serine, aspartic acid, and threonine amino acids removed from the silkworm cocoon (particularly Bombyx mori and other species). It is of interest because of its biodegradability, anti-oxidative, and anti-bacterial properties. Sericin inhibits tyrosinase activity and promotes cell proliferation that can be supportive and useful in melanoma treatment. In recent years, wound healing patches containing sericin and melatonin individually have attracted significant attention by the scientific community. In this review, we summarize the state of innovation of such patches during 2021-2023. To date, melatonin/sericin-polymer patches for application in post-operational wound healing treatment has been only sparingly investigated and it is an imperative to consider these materials as a promising approach targeting for skin tissue engineering or regenerative dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Adamiak
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (K.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Vivian A. Gaida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Jasmin Schäfer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Lina Bosse
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Clara Diemer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (K.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (V.A.G.); (J.S.); (L.B.); (C.D.); (K.S.)
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Malindi Z, Barth S, Abrahamse H. The Potential of Antibody Technology and Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy for Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2158. [PMID: 36140259 PMCID: PMC9495799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly aggressive and is known to be efficient at resisting drug-induced apoptotic signals. Resection is currently the gold standard for melanoma management, but it only offers local control of the early stage of the disease. Metastatic melanoma is prone to recurrence, and has a poor prognosis and treatment response. Thus, the need for advanced theranostic alternatives is evident. Photodynamic therapy has been increasingly studied for melanoma treatment; however, it relies on passive drug accumulation, leading to off-target effects. Nanoparticles enhance drug biodistribution, uptake and intra-tumoural concentration and can be functionalised with monoclonal antibodies that offer selective biorecognition. Antibody-drug conjugates reduce passive drug accumulation and off-target effects. Nonetheless, one limitation of monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates is their lack of versatility, given cancer's heterogeneity. Monoclonal antibodies suffer several additional limitations that make recombinant antibody fragments more desirable. SNAP-tag is a modified version of the human DNA-repair enzyme, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts in an autocatalytic and covalent manner with benzylguanine-modified substrates, providing a simple protein labelling system. SNAP-tag can be genetically fused with antibody fragments, creating fusion proteins that can be easily labelled with benzylguanine-modified payloads for site-directed delivery. This review aims to highlight the benefits and limitations of the abovementioned approaches and to outline how their combination could enhance photodynamic therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaria Malindi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 55 Beit Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, 55 Beit Street, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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4
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Olsen CM, Pandeya N, Rosenberg PS, Whiteman DC. Incidence of in Situ vs Invasive Melanoma: Testing the "Obligate Precursor" Hypothesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1364-1370. [PMID: 36042554 PMCID: PMC9552301 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma incidence has been rising in populations with predominantly European ancestry (White), speculated to be partly driven by heightened detection of indolent tumors. If in situ melanomas are destined to evolve to invasive cancers, detecting and removing them should deplete the pool of invasive lesions, and people with in situ melanoma should, on average, be younger than those with invasive melanoma. Methods We analyzed long-term incidence trends (1982-2018) for in situ and invasive melanomas in 3 predominantly White populations with high, medium, and low melanoma rates: Queensland (Australia), United States White, and Scotland. We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of in situ to invasive melanomas and estimated the contributions of age, period, and cohort effects. We compared age at diagnosis of in situ vs invasive melanomas overall and stratified by sex and anatomic site. Results In all 3 populations, the in situ to invasive incidence rate ratio increased statistically significantly from less than 0.3 in 1982 to 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.88 to 2.02) in Queensland, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.90 to 0.96) in the US White population, and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.54 to 0.63) in Scotland in 2018. The mean age at diagnosis of in situ melanomas was the same or higher than invasive melanomas for almost all time periods among men and women and on all body sites except the lower limbs. Conclusions The increasing ratio of in situ to invasive melanoma incidence over time, together with the high (and increasing) mean age at diagnosis of in situ melanomas, is consistent with more indolent lesions coming to clinical attention than in previous eras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nirmala Pandeya
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip S Rosenberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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5
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Diagnostic utility of PRAME, p53 and 5-hmC immunostaining for distinguishing melanomas from naevi, neurofibromas, scars and other histological mimics. Pathology 2022; 54:863-873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Casalou C, Moreiras H, Mayatra JM, Fabre A, Tobin DJ. Loss of 'Epidermal Melanin Unit' Integrity in Human Skin During Melanoma-Genesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878336. [PMID: 35574390 PMCID: PMC9097079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma can be a most challenging neoplasm of high lethality, in part due to its extreme heterogeneity and characteristic aggressive and invasive nature. Indeed, its moniker 'the great masquerader' reflects that not all melanomas are created equal in terms of their originating cellular contexts, but also that melanoma cells in the malignant tumor can adopt a wide range of different cell states and variable organotropism. In this review, we focus on the early phases of melanomagenesis by discussing how the originating pigment cell of the melanocyte lineage can be influenced to embark on a wide range of tumor fates with distinctive microanatomical pathways. In particular, we assess how cells of the melanocyte lineage can differ by maturation status (stem cell; melanoblast; transiently amplifying cell; differentiated; post-mitotic; terminally-differentiated) as well as by micro-environmental niche (in the stratum basale of the epidermis; within skin appendages like hair follicle, eccrine gland, etc). We discuss how the above variable contexts may influence the susceptibility of the epidermal-melanin unit (EMU) to become unstable, which may presage cutaneous melanoma development. We also assess how unique features of follicular-melanin unit(s) (FMUs) can, by contrast, protect melanocytes from melanomagenesis. Lastly, we postulate how variable melanocyte fates in vitiligo, albinism, psoriasis, and alopecia areata may provide new insights into immune-/non immune-mediated outcomes for melanocytes in cutaneous melanin units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Casalou
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugo Moreiras
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jay M Mayatra
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- Department of Histopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Colebatch AJ, Paver EC, Vergara IA, Thompson JF, Long GV, Wilmott JS, Scolyer RA. Elevated non-coding promoter mutations are associated with malignant transformation of melanocytic naevi to melanoma. Pathology 2022; 54:533-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.12.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael A Marchetti
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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9
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Vale L, Kunonga P, Coughlan D, Kontogiannis V, Astin M, Beyer F, Richmond C, Wilson D, Bajwa D, Javanbakht M, Bryant A, Akor W, Craig D, Lovat P, Labus M, Nasr B, Cunliffe T, Hinde H, Shawgi M, Saleh D, Royle P, Steward P, Lucas R, Ellis R. Optimal surveillance strategies for patients with stage 1 cutaneous melanoma post primary tumour excision: three systematic reviews and an economic model. Health Technol Assess 2021; 25:1-178. [PMID: 34792018 DOI: 10.3310/hta25640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is the fifth most common cancer in the UK, with rates continuing to rise, resulting in considerable burden to patients and the NHS. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of current and alternative follow-up strategies for stage IA and IB melanoma. REVIEW METHODS Three systematic reviews were conducted. (1) The effectiveness of surveillance strategies. Outcomes were detection of new primaries, recurrences, metastases and survival. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool. (2) Prediction models to stratify by risk of recurrence, metastases and survival. Model performance was assessed by study-reported measures of discrimination (e.g. D-statistic, Harrel's c-statistic), calibration (e.g. the Hosmer-Lemeshow 'goodness-of-fit' test) or overall performance (e.g. Brier score, R 2). Risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). (3) Diagnostic test accuracy of fine-needle biopsy and ultrasonography. Outcomes were detection of new primaries, recurrences, metastases and overall survival. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Review data and data from elsewhere were used to model the cost-effectiveness of alternative surveillance strategies and the value of further research. RESULTS (1) The surveillance review included one randomised controlled trial. There was no evidence of a difference in new primary or recurrence detected (risk ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 1.31). Risk of bias was considered to be of some concern. Certainty of the evidence was low. (2) Eleven risk prediction models were identified. Discrimination measures were reported for six models, with the area under the operating curve ranging from 0.59 to 0.88. Three models reported calibration measures, with coefficients of ≥ 0.88. Overall performance was reported by two models. In one, the Brier score was slightly better than the American Joint Committee on Cancer scheme score. The other reported an R 2 of 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.49). All studies were judged to have a high risk of bias. (3) The diagnostic test accuracy review identified two studies. One study considered fine-needle biopsy and the other considered ultrasonography. The sensitivity and specificity for fine-needle biopsy were 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 0.97) and 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 0.97), respectively. For ultrasonography, sensitivity and specificity were 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.03 to 1.00) and 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.96 to 0.99), respectively. For the reference standards and flow and timing domains, the risk of bias was rated as being high for both studies. The cost-effectiveness results suggest that, over a lifetime, less intensive surveillance than recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence might be worthwhile. There was considerable uncertainty. Improving the diagnostic performance of cancer nurse specialists and introducing a risk prediction tool could be promising. Further research on transition probabilities between different stages of melanoma and on improving diagnostic accuracy would be of most value. LIMITATIONS Overall, few data of limited quality were available, and these related to earlier versions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging. Consequently, there was considerable uncertainty in the economic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS Despite adoption of rigorous methods, too few data are available to justify changes to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommendations on surveillance. However, alternative strategies warrant further research, specifically on improving estimates of incidence, progression of recurrent disease; diagnostic accuracy and health-related quality of life; developing and evaluating risk stratification tools; and understanding patient preferences. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018086784. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol 25, No. 64. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Vale
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patience Kunonga
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Diarmuid Coughlan
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Margaret Astin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Beyer
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Richmond
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dor Wilson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dalvir Bajwa
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mehdi Javanbakht
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Bryant
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wanwuri Akor
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Shields, UK
| | - Dawn Craig
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Penny Lovat
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Studies, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marie Labus
- Business Development and Enterprise, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Batoul Nasr
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy Cunliffe
- Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Helena Hinde
- Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Mohamed Shawgi
- Radiology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Daniel Saleh
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pam Royle
- Patient representative, ITV Tyne Tees, Gateshead, UK
| | - Paul Steward
- Patient representative, Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Rachel Lucas
- Patient representative, Dermatology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Robert Ellis
- Institute of Translation and Clinical Studies, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
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Predictive value of global dermoscopic pattern in patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:572-577. [PMID: 34658696 PMCID: PMC8501438 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.94593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dermoscopy is one of the most commonly used methods in early diagnosis of melanoma. It is conducted to differentiate between benign and malignant patterns in melanocytic lesions. Aim To determine if there is a predominance of one dermoscopic pattern in patients with melanoma and if there is a significant difference in dominant global dermoscopic pattern in patients with cutaneous melanomas correlated with patients’ sex and the location of the primary tumor. Material and methods The study included 162 patients with prior diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma. Dermoscopic and videodermoscopic pictures and patient data were analyzed with regard to the pattern: reticular, globular, homogeneous and mixed pattern (two-component pattern; reticular-globular pattern) with central or peripheral globules and multicomponent (mixed – at least 3 types of structures in one nevus). Results The reticular pattern was significantly more prevalent in male patients (38.57%, 27 patients) in comparison to female patients (18.45%, 17 patients). We also found a statistically significant lower prevalence of reticular pattern in patients diagnosed with melanomas located on upper limbs. The homogeneous pattern was statistically significantly more prevalent in patients in whom primary tumors were located on the head and upper limbs. Conclusions Our study suggests that predominant complex patterns are more commonly observed in patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma, although there is a significant number of patients with predominant reticular and homogeneous patterns, which are not often associated with an increased risk of development of melanoma.
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Hessler M, Jalilian E, Xu Q, Reddy S, Horton L, Elkin K, Manwar R, Tsoukas M, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Melanoma Biomarkers and Their Potential Application for In Vivo Diagnostic Imaging Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9583. [PMID: 33339193 PMCID: PMC7765677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and remains a diagnostic challenge in the dermatology clinic. Several non-invasive imaging techniques have been developed to identify melanoma. The signal source in each of these modalities is based on the alteration of physical characteristics of the tissue from healthy/benign to melanoma. However, as these characteristics are not always sufficiently specific, the current imaging techniques are not adequate for use in the clinical setting. A more robust way of melanoma diagnosis is to "stain" or selectively target the suspect tissue with a melanoma biomarker attached to a contrast enhancer of one imaging modality. Here, we categorize and review known melanoma diagnostic biomarkers with the goal of guiding skin imaging experts to design an appropriate diagnostic tool for differentiating between melanoma and benign lesions with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Hessler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Shriya Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Luke Horton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Maria Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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12
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Rabbie R, Ansari-Pour N, Cast O, Lau D, Scott F, Welsh SJ, Parkinson C, Khoja L, Moore L, Tullett M, Wong K, Ferreira I, Gómez JMM, Levesque M, Gallagher FA, Jiménez-Sánchez A, Riva L, Miller ML, Allinson K, Campbell PJ, Corrie P, Wedge DC, Adams DJ. Multi-site clonality analysis uncovers pervasive heterogeneity across melanoma metastases. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4306. [PMID: 32855398 PMCID: PMC7453196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma carries a poor prognosis despite modern systemic therapies. Understanding the evolution of the disease could help inform patient management. Through whole-genome sequencing of 13 melanoma metastases sampled at autopsy from a treatment naïve patient and by leveraging the analytical power of multi-sample analyses, we reveal evidence of diversification among metastatic lineages. UV-induced mutations dominate the trunk, whereas APOBEC-associated mutations are found in the branches of the evolutionary tree. Multi-sample analyses from a further seven patients confirmed that lineage diversification was pervasive, representing an important mode of melanoma dissemination. Our analyses demonstrate that joint analysis of cancer cell fraction estimates across multiple metastases can uncover previously unrecognised levels of tumour heterogeneity and highlight the limitations of inferring heterogeneity from a single biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Rabbie
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naser Ansari-Pour
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Cast
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francis Scott
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Parkinson
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leila Khoja
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vincent Drive, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luiza Moore
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Tullett
- St Richard's Hospital, Spitalfield Lane, Chichester, UK
| | - Kim Wong
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Ingrid Ferreira
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Julia M Martínez Gómez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, University of Zurich Hospital, Gloriastrasse 31, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Sánchez
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Riva
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Martin L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- The Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Pippa Corrie
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK.
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13
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Sha J, Arbesman J, Harter ML. Premature senescence in human melanocytes after exposure to solar UVR: An exosome and UV-miRNA connection. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:671-684. [PMID: 32386350 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can play two roles: induce cellular senescence and convert skin melanocytes into melanoma. To assess whether this conversion might rely on melanocytes having to first acquire a senescent phenotype, we studied the effects of physiological doses of UVR (UVA + UVB) on quiescent melanocytes in vitro. Repeated doses of UVR induced these melanocytes into a senescent-like state. Additionally, these cells secrete exosomes with specific miRNAs that differ in quantity from those of the un-irradiated melanocytes. Many of the exosomal miRNAs that were differentially enriched regulated genes comprising a "senescence core signature" and encoding factors of the senescence-messaging secretome (SASP), while a subset of the differentially reduced miRNAs targeted DNA repair genes that have been experimentally shown to be repressed in senescent melanocytes. Thus, the selection of specific miRNAs by exosomes and their release from melanocytes after exposure to UVR have activities in inducing these cells into premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Sha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Arbesman
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute and Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marian L Harter
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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14
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Arnette CR, Roth-Carter QR, Koetsier JL, Broussard JA, Burks HE, Cheng K, Amadi C, Gerami P, Johnson JL, Green KJ. Keratinocyte cadherin desmoglein 1 controls melanocyte behavior through paracrine signaling. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:305-317. [PMID: 31563153 PMCID: PMC7028503 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the first line of defense against ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. Keratinocytes and melanocytes respond to UV exposure by eliciting a tanning response dependent in part on paracrine signaling, but how keratinocyte:melanocyte communication is regulated during this response remains understudied. Here, we uncover a surprising new function for the keratinocyte-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in regulating keratinocyte:melanocyte paracrine signaling to promote the tanning response in the absence of UV exposure. Melanocytes within Dsg1-silenced human skin equivalents exhibited increased pigmentation and altered dendrite morphology, phenotypes which were confirmed in 2D culture using conditioned media from Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes. Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes increased melanocyte-stimulating hormone precursor (Pomc) and cytokine mRNA. Melanocytes cultured in media conditioned by Dsg1-silenced keratinocytes increased Mitf and Tyrp1 mRNA, TYRP1 protein, and melanin production and secretion. Melanocytes in Dsg1-silenced skin equivalents mislocalized suprabasally, reminiscent of early melanoma pagetoid behavior. Together with our previous report that UV reduces Dsg1 expression, these data support a role for Dsg1 in controlling keratinocyte:melanocyte paracrine communication and raise the possibility that a Dsg1-deficient niche contributes to pagetoid behavior, such as occurs in early melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Arnette
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Quinn R. Roth-Carter
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer L. Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua A. Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hope E. Burks
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen Cheng
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christine Amadi
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jodi L. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen J. Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Jackett LA, Scolyer RA. A Review of Key Biological and Molecular Events Underpinning Transformation of Melanocytes to Primary and Metastatic Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122041. [PMID: 31861163 PMCID: PMC6966527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a major public health concern that is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries such as New Zealand and Australia where it is the commonest cause of cancer death in young adults. Until recently, there were no effective drug therapies for patients with advanced melanoma however significant advances in our understanding of the biological and molecular basis of melanoma in recent decades have led to the development of revolutionary treatments, including targeted molecular therapy and immunotherapy. This review summarizes our current understanding of the key events in the pathway of melanomagenesis and discusses the role of genomic analysis as a potential tool for improved diagnostic evaluation, prognostication and treatment strategies. Ultimately, it is hoped that a continued deeper understanding of the mechanisms of melanomagenesis will lead to the development of even more effective treatments that continue to provide better outcomes for patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A. Jackett
- Melanoma Institute Australia, 2065 Sydney, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 2050 Sydney, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 2050 Sydney, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Hospital, 3084 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard A. Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, 2065 Sydney, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, 2050 Sydney, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 2050 Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-299117200; Fax: +61-299549290
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16
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Molecular Profiling of Noncoding Mutations Distinguishes Nevoid Melanomas From Mitotically Active Nevi in Pregnancy. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 44:357-367. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Wang L, Wei CY, Xu YY, Deng XY, Wang Q, Ying JH, Zhang SM, Yuan X, Xuan TF, Pan YY, Gu JY. Prognostic genes of melanoma identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and drug repositioning using a network-based method. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6066-6078. [PMID: 31788081 PMCID: PMC6864934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most malignant types of skin cancer. However, the efficacy and utility of available drug therapies for melanoma are limited. The objective of the present study was to identify potential genes associated with melanoma progression and to explore approved therapeutic drugs that target these genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to construct a gene co-expression network, explore the associations between genes and clinical characteristics and identify potential biomarkers. Gene expression profiles of the GSE65904 dataset were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. RNA-sequencing data and clinical information associated with melanoma obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used for biomarker validation. A total of 15 modules were identified through average linkage hierarchical clustering. In the two significant modules, three network hub genes associated with melanoma prognosis were identified: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit γ (PIK3CG). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the mRNA levels of these genes exhibited excellent prognostic efficiency for primary and metastatic tumor tissues. In addition, the proximity between candidate genes associated with melanoma progression and drug targets obtained from DrugBank was calculated in the protein interaction network, and the top 15 drugs that may be suitable for treating melanoma were identified. In summary, co-expression network analysis led to the selection of CXCR4, IL7R and PIK3CG for further basic and clinical research on melanoma. Utilizing a network-based method, 15 drugs that exhibited potential for the treatment of melanoma were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hui Ying
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Si-Min Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Fan Xuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ying Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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18
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Li J, Shi SZ, Wang JS, Liu Z, Xue JX, Wang JC, Jia JH. Efficacy of melanoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: Protocol for an overview, and a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16342. [PMID: 31277189 PMCID: PMC6635302 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes that produces pigments and can occur in the whole body. It is characterized by strong invasiveness, high metastasis rate and poor prognosis, and brings heavy burden to patients and society. In order to find the most effective and safe treatment measures, in this study, a network meta-analysis (NMA) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors will be conducted based on the existing systematic reviews (SRs) of PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of advanced melanoma. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched on December 18, 2018 to obtain systematic reviews of PD-1 inhibitor in the treatment of advanced melanoma. Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2) will be used to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be applied to evaluate the evidence quality of outcome measures, and the Cochrane's risk of bias tool will be utilized to appraise risks of bias of each embedded RCTs. And the outcomes are overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR). Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to synthesize dichotomous outcomes, while the mean difference (MD) for the continuous variables. R3.5.1 will be used to create a network evidence map for direct and indirect comparative analysis. RESULTS This study will provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidences related to the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitor in advanced melanoma. CONCLUSION Our findings will be useful to assist clinicians make reasonable decisions to the treatment of advanced melanoma. ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION It is unnecessary for this NMA to acquire an ethical approval, because it is based on published researches. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019120017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital
| | - Shu-Zhen Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University
| | | | - Zhao Liu
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital
| | | | - Jian-Cheng Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University
| | - Jun-Hai Jia
- Gansu Province Hospital Rehabilitation Center, China
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19
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Savoia P, Fava P, Casoni F, Cremona O. Targeting the ERK Signaling Pathway in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061483. [PMID: 30934534 PMCID: PMC6472057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the role of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in melanomagenesis and its progression have opened a new era in the treatment of this tumor. Vemurafenib was the first specific kinase inhibitor approved for therapy of advanced melanomas harboring BRAF-activating mutations, followed by dabrafenib and encorafenib. However, despite the excellent results of first-generation kinase inhibitors in terms of response rate, the average duration of the response was short, due to the onset of genetic and epigenetic resistance mechanisms. The combination therapy with MEK inhibitors is an excellent strategy to circumvent drug resistance, with the additional advantage of reducing side effects due to the paradoxical reactivation of the MAPK pathway. The recent development of RAS and extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK) inhibitors promises to add new players for the ultimate suppression of this signaling pathway and the control of pathway-related drug resistance. In this review, we analyze the pharmacological, preclinical, and clinical trial data of the various MAPK pathway inhibitors, with a keen interest for their clinical applicability in the management of advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Fava
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
| | - Filippo Casoni
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
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20
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Yan BY, Garcet S, Gulati N, Kiecker F, Fuentes-Duculan J, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Shemer A, Mitsui H, Krueger JG. Novel immune signatures associated with dysplastic naevi and primary cutaneous melanoma in human skin. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:35-44. [PMID: 30326165 PMCID: PMC6333525 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysplastic naevi (DN) are benign lesions with atypical features intermediate between that of common melanocytic naevi (CMN) and malignant melanoma (MM). Debate remains over whether DN represent progressive lesions from CMN. Through gene expression profiling and analysis of molecular gene signatures, our study revealed progressive increases in immune activation and regulation, along with pathways implicated in melanomagenesis, from CMN to DN to MM. Using criteria of 1.5-fold change and false discovery rate ≤0.05, we found differential expression of 7186 probes (6370 unique genes) with the largest difference detected between DN and MM from the standpoint of genomic melanoma progression. Despite progressive increases in the T-helper type 1 (Th1)-inducing gene (IL-12), RT-PCR indicated impaired Th1 or cytotoxic T-cell response (decreased IFN-γ) in MM. Concordantly, our results indicated progressive increases in molecular markers associated with regulatory T cells, exhausted T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells, including detection of increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) in dendritic cells associated with MM. All together, our findings suggest that the increased immunosuppressive microenvironment of melanoma may contribute to unhampered proliferation of neoplastic cells. In addition, the detection of increased markers associated with tolerogenic dendritic cells in MM suggests that targeting these suppressive immune cell types may represent an alternative avenue for future immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Y. Yan
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N0059
| | - Sandra Garcet
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N0059
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N0059
| | - Felix Kiecker
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany0020
| | | | - Patricia Gilleaudeau
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N0059
| | - Mary Sullivan-Whalen
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N0059
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hiroshi Mitsui
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N0059
- Authors share senior authorship
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, N0059
- Authors share senior authorship
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21
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Cutaneous Melanoma-A Long Road from Experimental Models to Clinical Outcome: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061566. [PMID: 29795011 PMCID: PMC6032347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a complex disorder characterized by an elevated degree of heterogeneity, features that place it among the most aggressive types of cancer. Although significant progress was recorded in both the understanding of melanoma biology and genetics, and in therapeutic approaches, this malignancy still represents a major problem worldwide due to its high incidence and the lack of a curative treatment for advanced stages. This review offers a survey of the most recent information available regarding the melanoma epidemiology, etiology, and genetic profile. Also discussed was the topic of cutaneous melanoma murine models outlining the role of these models in understanding the molecular pathways involved in melanoma initiation, progression, and metastasis.
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22
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Delahunt B, Neill B. Pathology 50 years on. Pathology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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