1
|
Dhanisha SS, Drishya S, Guruvayoorappan C. Traditional knowledge to clinical trials: a review on nutritional and therapeutic potential of Pithecellobium dulce. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:133-142. [PMID: 33559460 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The review describes botanical aspects, bioactive phytocompounds and pharmacological properties of different parts of Pithecellobium dulce, with special emphasis on the nutritional status of its fruits. The different parts of plant extract have been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, cardio protective, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-ulcerogenic, larvicidal and ovicidal activities. Different parts of plant extracts were reported to contain several bioactive phytocompounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids etc. Natural products discovered so far served as a viable source for new drugs. Over the past few years, continued and perpetual attention of people has been paid to medicinal plants in connection with its remarkable importance in drug discovery. Plant products always remains a drug of choice for the identification of novel leads despite facing a tough competition from existing synthetic alternatives derived from combinatorial chemistry, owing to their efficacy, side effects, and safety. P. dulce is a highly acclaimed genus in traditional system of medicine because of its versatile nutraceutical and pharmacological properties. In this review we discuss in detail about nutritional and various therapeutic properties of P. dulce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sudarsanan Drishya
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vargas-Madriz ÁF, Kuri-García A, Vargas-Madriz H, Chávez-Servín JL, Ferriz-Martínez RA, Hernández-Sandoval LG, Guzmán-Maldonado SH. Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb) Benth: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:4316-4336. [PMID: 33087946 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb) Benth (P. dulce), known as "guamúchil", is a tree native to the American continent. Various parts of the tree are used in traditional medicine, primarily for treating gastrointestinal disorders. The phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of this plant are largely responsible for the beneficial health effects attributed to it. A number of authors have studied the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds of the aril, seed, leaf and root of P. dulce using various methodologies, which can differ considerably in variables such as environmental factors, type of drying, temperature, the way the sample is stored, and the use of different solvents in the various extraction methods. Even methods of quantification by HPLC vary tremendously. This paper summarizes the existing research carried out to date on determining the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of P. dulce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Félix Vargas-Madriz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Aarón Kuri-García
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Haidel Vargas-Madriz
- Department of Agricultural Production, University Center of the South Coast, UDG, Av. Independencia Nacional, No 151, CP 48900 Autlán, JAL Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Chávez-Servín
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Roberto Augusto Ferriz-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Luis Gerardo Hernández-Sandoval
- Botanical Laboratory, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Salvador Horacio Guzmán-Maldonado
- Food Laboratory, Bajio Experimental Field, Regional Research Center, INIFAP, Km 6. Carr., Celaya - San Miguel Allende AP 112, CP 38110 Celaya, GTO Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rangarajan H, Elumalai A, Chidanand DV. Traditional fruits of South India: Bioactive components and their potential health implications in chronic diseases. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13266. [PMID: 32529677 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are colorful, flavorful, and nutritious components and play an important role for the vital health and maintenance of our body. Experimental evidences suggested that fruits contain various bioactive constituents including flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Because of these, fruits are receiving greater attention to treat and/or control various health complications such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, immune system decline, and certain neurological disorders. Experimental evidences from various in vitro and in vivo imply that fruit extracts and/or isolated bioactive compounds are associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, fruits have the potential to be converted into functional foods as well as pharmaceuticals to prevent or/and treat several chronic complications. In the present article, we review current knowledge about the bioactivities and health benefits of selected Indian fruits for the treatment/management of the chronic health complications in humans. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review provides practical information about how best to take advantage of the bioactive compounds and health implications of the South Indian fruits like Bael, Jujube, Cotton Candy Berry, and Manilla Tamarind as a potential source of functional and nutritive compounds. It aims at emphasizing the most recent findings on biological effects of major groups of fruits like Bael, Jujube, Cotton Candy Berry, and Manilla Tamarind and their major components, their medical interest, potential drug interaction, notably for human nutrition, health benefits, and therapeutic impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harini Rangarajan
- Department of Technology Dissemination, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | - Arunkumar Elumalai
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anadozie SO, Akinyemi JA, Adewale OB, Isitua CC. Prevention of short-term memory impairment by Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken and its effect on acetylcholinesterase changes in CCl4-induced neurotoxicity in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0161. [PMID: 31494630 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Short-term memory impairment is a neurodegenerative disease associated with oxidative stress. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken of the family Crassulaceae is traditionally used in the treatment of diseases, such as cough, wounds, and kidney diseases. This study evaluates the effect of the aqueous extract of B. pinnatum (AEBP) leaves on acetylcholinesterase activity in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced short-term memory impairment in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar albino rats were used in this study and were divided into six groups (n=5). Group I served as control, group II rats were induced with CCl4, while groups III-V animals were pretreated with silymarin (25 mg/kg body weight), 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight AEBP leaves, respectively, once daily by oral gavage for 14 days prior to a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. Animals in group VI received 50 mg/kg body weight AEBP only by oral gavage. Results Administration of carbon tetrachloride significantly increased (p<0.05) spontaneous alternation and locomotor function in rats when compared with the control group. Also, the levels of acetylcholinesterase, adenosine deaminase, and malondialdehyde were increased in CCl4-administered rats, with reduction in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels. However, pretreatment of rats with AEBP leaves, at tested doses, prevented these changes. Conclusions The increased antioxidant status and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity show that AEBP leaves improve learning memory and stabilizes memory impairment caused by CCl4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scholastica Onyebuchi Anadozie
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry unit, Afe Babalola University, Km 8.5 Afe Babalola way, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, Phone: +234 813 3254 737; +27 64 63 180 64
| | - Jacob Ayodele Akinyemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Bolaji Adewale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Christy Chinwe Isitua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar M, Govindrajan J, Nyola NK. Antihyperglycemic Potential of Saponin-enriched Fraction from Pithecellobium dulce Benth. Seed Extract. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:S23-S26. [PMID: 29333038 PMCID: PMC5757321 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_18_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indian traditional system of medicine uses Pithecellobium dulce for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Objectives This study aims to develop an extract rich in saponins derived from seeds of the plant and to evaluate its antihyperglycemic potential in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods Defatted seeds were extracted with methanol and processed to afford saponin-enriched fraction (Pithecellobium dulce saponin-enriched fraction [PDSEF]). This fraction was evaluated for its potential to inhibit enzymes such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in vitro. The fraction was subjected to oral toxicity study followed by in vivo sucrose tolerance test. An analytical high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for fingerprinting of the fraction. Results The method adopted for enrichment of saponins was robust enough to enrich saponin content to 96.37% ±1.21% w/w. PDSEF displayed superior inhibition of enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 of 5.12 ± 0.15 μg/ml and 17.28 ± 0.23 μg/ml, respectively) compared to acarbose. It was found to be safe in mice up to 2000 mg/kg and significantly prevented blood glucose level in sucrose tolerance test by inhibiting enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of sucrose. Conclusion PDSEF displayed excellent antihyperglycemic activity in vitro and in vivo and should be evaluated further to develop it as a promising drug for the management of diabetes mellitus. SUMMARY Saponin enriched fraction from P. dulce seeds showed significant inhibition of key enzymes responsible for digestion of polysaccharides. The saponin enriched fraction was found to be safe in mice and prevented blood glucose level in mice in sucrose tolerance test. Abbreviations Used: PDSEF: Pithecellobium dulce saponin-enriched fraction, IC50: Inhibitory concentration 50, HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Alwar College of Pharmacy, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jeyabalan Govindrajan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Alwar College of Pharmacy, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wall-Medrano A, González-Aguilar GA, Loarca-Piña GF, López-Díaz JA, Villegas-Ochoa MA, Tortoledo-Ortiz O, Olivas-Aguirre FJ, Ramos-Jiménez A, Robles-Zepeda R. Ripening of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. [Guamúchil] Fruit: Physicochemical, Chemical and Antioxidant Changes. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:396-401. [PMID: 27589874 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Guamúchil is an excellent source of bioactive compounds for human health although their natural occurrence could be affected by the ripening process. The aim was to evaluate some physicochemical, chemical and antioxidant changes in guamúchil fruit during six ripening stages (I to VI). A defined trend (p ≤ 0.003) was observed for color [°Hue, 109 (light green) to 20 (dark red)], anthocyanins (+571 %), soluble solids (+0.33 oBrix), ash (+16 %), sucrose (-91 %), proanthocyanidins (63 %), ascorbic acid (-52 %) and hydrolysable PC (-21 %). Carotenoids were not detected and chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound. Maximal availability of these bioactives per ripening stage (p ≤ 0.03) was as follows: I (protein/ lipids/ sucrose/ proanthocyanidins/ hydrolysable phenolics), II (total sugars/ascorbic acid), III (total phenolics), IV (flavonoids/ chlorogenic acid) and VI (fructose/ glucose/ anthocyanins). Color change was explained by sucrose (β = 0.47) and anthocyanin (β = 0.20) contents (p < 0.001). Radical scavenging capacity (ORAC, DPPH and TEAC) strongly correlated with total PC (r = 0.49-0.65, p ≤ 0.001) but 89 % of ORAC's associated variance was explained by anthocyanin + sucrose + ascorbic acid (p ≤ 0.0001). Guamúchil fruit could be a more convenient source of specific bioactive compounds if harvested at different ripening stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal & Toxicología, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe F Loarca-Piña
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos (PROPAC), Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n. Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - José A López-Díaz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Mónica A Villegas-Ochoa
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal & Toxicología, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Orlando Tortoledo-Ortiz
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC (Unidad Hermosillo), Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Olivas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Ramón Robles-Zepeda
- Departamento de Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pal PB, Sinha K, Sil PC. Mangiferin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated signaling cascade, TNFα related and mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107220. [PMID: 25233093 PMCID: PMC4169432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy in hyperglycemic conditions. It has already been reported that mangiferin, a natural C-glucosyl xanthone and polyhydroxy polyphenol compound protects kidneys from diabetic nephropathy. However, little is known about the mechanism of its beneficial action in this pathophysiology. The present study, therefore, examines the detailed mechanism of the beneficial action of mangiferin on STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in Wister rats as the working model. A significant increase in plasma glucose level, kidney to body weight ratio, glomerular hypertrophy and hydropic changes as well as enhanced nephrotoxicity related markers (BUN, plasma creatinine, uric acid and urinary albumin) were observed in the experimental animals. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress related parameters, increased ROS production and decreased the intracellular antioxidant defenses were detected in the kidney. Studies on the oxidative stress mediated signaling cascades in diabetic nephropathy demonstrated that PKC isoforms (PKCα, PKCβ and PKCε), MAPKs (p38, JNK and ERK1/2), transcription factor (NF-κB) and TGF-β1 pathways were involved in this pathophysiology. Besides, TNFα was released in this hyperglycemic condition, which in turn activated caspase 8, cleaved Bid to tBid and finally the mitochorndia-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, oxidative stress also disturbed the proapoptotic-antiapoptotic (Bax and Bcl-2) balance and activated mitochorndia-dependent apoptosis via caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. Mangiferin treatment, post to hyperglycemia, successfully inhibited all of these changes and protected the cells from apoptotic death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wong JPC, Wijaya S, Ting KN, Wiart C, Mustafa K, Shipton F, Khoo TJ. Crude Ethanol Extract of Pithecellobium ellipticum as a Potential Lipid-Lowering Treatment for Hypercholesterolaemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:492703. [PMID: 24839451 PMCID: PMC4009285 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
If left untreated, hypercholesterolaemia can lead to atherosclerosis, given time. Plants from the Fabaceae family have shown the ability to significantly suppress atherosclerosis progression. We selected four extracts from Pithecellobium ellipticum, from the Fabaceae family, to be screened in a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) assay. The ethanol extract, at a concentration of 500 μ g/mL, exhibited superior inhibition properties over the other extracts by demonstrating 80.9% inhibition, while 0.223 μ g/mL of pravastatin (control) showed 78.1% inhibition towards enzymatic activity. These findings led to the fractionation of the ethanol extract using ethyl acetate : methanol (95 : 5), gradually increasing polarity and produced seven fractions (1A to 7A). Fraction 7A at 150 μ g/mL emerged as being the most promising bioactive fraction with 78.7% inhibition. FRAP, beta carotene, and DPPH assays supported the findings from the ethanol extract as it exhibited good overall antioxidant activity. The antioxidant properties have been said to reduce free radicals that are able to oxidize lipoproteins which are the cause of atherosclerosis. Phytochemical screenings revealed the presence of terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds as the responsible group of compound(s), working individually or synergistically, within the extract to prevent binding of HMG-CoA to HMG-CoA reductase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet P.-C. Wong
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sumi Wijaya
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Nee Ting
- School of Biomedical, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul'Ain Mustafa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Shipton
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- Center for Natural and Medicinal Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pal PB, Sinha K, Sil PC. Mangiferin, a natural xanthone, protects murine liver in Pb(II) induced hepatic damage and cell death via MAP kinase, NF-κB and mitochondria dependent pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56894. [PMID: 23451106 PMCID: PMC3581562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most well-known naturally occurring environmental heavy metals, lead (Pb) has been reported to cause liver injury and cellular apoptosis by disturbing the prooxidant-antioxidant balance via oxidative stress. Several studies, on the other hand, reported that mangiferin, a naturally occurring xanthone, has been used for a broad range of therapeutic purposes. In the present study, we, therefore, investigated the molecular mechanisms of the protective action of mangiferin against lead-induced hepatic pathophysiology. Lead [Pb(II)] in the form of Pb(NO3)2 (at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, 6 days, orally) induced oxidative stress, hepatic dysfunction and cell death in murine liver. Post treatment of mangiferin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (6 days, orally), on the other hand, diminished the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the levels of serum marker enzymes [alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. Mangiferin also reduced Pb(II) induced alterations in antioxidant machineries, restored the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as mutual regulation of Bcl-2/Bax. Furthermore, mangiferin inhibited Pb(II)-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (phospho-ERK 1/2, phosphor-JNK phospho- p38), nuclear translocation of NF-κB and apoptotic cell death as was evidenced by DNA fragmentation, FACS analysis and histological assessment. In vitro studies using hepatocytes as the working model also showed the protective effect of mangiferin in Pb(II) induced cytotoxicity. All these beneficial effects of mangiferin contributes to the considerable reduction of apoptotic hepatic cell death induced by Pb(II). Overall results demonstrate that mangiferin exhibit both antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties and protects the organ in Pb(II) induced hepatic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Bikash Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
| | - Parames C. Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhattacharyya S, Pal PB, Sil PC. A 35 kD Phyllanthus niruri protein modulates iron mediated oxidative impairment to hepatocytes via the inhibition of ERKs, p38 MAPKs and activation of PI3k/Akt pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:119-30. [PMID: 23435124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the herb, Phyllanthus niruri, possess antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-asthmatic, anti-diuretic, anti-soresis and many more beneficial activities. The goal of our present study was to evaluate the protective role of a 35 kD protein (PNP) isolated from this herb against iron-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Exposure of hepatocytes to iron (FeSO4) caused elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhanced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, depleted glutathione levels, decreased the antioxidant power (FRAP) of the cells and reduced cell viability. Iron mediated cytotoxicity disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and thereby caused apoptosis mainly by the intrinsic pathway via the down-regulation of IκBα with a concomitant up-regulation of NF-kB as well as the phosphorylation of ERKs and p38 MAP kinases. In addition, iron-induced cytotoxicity disrupted the normal balance of Bcl-2 family proteins in hepatocytes. Incubation of hepatocytes with PNP, however, protected the cells from apoptosis by stabilizing the mitochondria and arresting the release of cytochrome c. It also suppressed caspase activation and cleavage of PARP. Moreover, this protein has strong free radical scavenging activity and thereby scavenged ROS extensively. Combining all, results suggest that simultaneous treatment with PNP might suppress the iron-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bhattacharyya
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700 054, West Bengal, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jin CF, Li B, Lin SM, Yadav RK, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Mechanism of the Inhibitory Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Cortex Extracts (EUCE) in the CCl 4 -Induced Acute Liver Lipid Accumulation in Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013:751854. [PMID: 24027582 PMCID: PMC3762164 DOI: 10.1155/2013/751854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU) has been used for treatment of liver diseases. The protective effects of Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv. cortex extracts (EUCE) on the carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic lipid accumulation were examined in this study. Rats were orally treated with EUCE in different doses prior to an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg CCl4. Acute injection of CCl4 decreased plasma triglyceride but increased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol as compared to control rats. On the other hand, the pretreatment with EUCE diminished these effects at a dose-dependent manner. CCl4 treatment decreased glutathione (GSH) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) accompanied by activated P450 2E1. The pretreatment with EUCE significantly improved these deleterious effects of CCl4. CCl4 treatment increased P450 2E1 activation and ApoB accumulation. Pretreatment with EUCE reversed these effects. ER stress response was significantly increased by CCl4, which was inhibited by EUCE. One of the possible ER stress regulatory mechanisms, lysosomal activity, was examined. CCl4 reduced lysosomal enzymes that were reversed with the EUCE. The results indicate that oral pretreatment with EUCE may protect liver against CCl4-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. ER stress and its related ROS regulation are suggested as a possible mechanism in the antidyslipidemic effect of EUCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Shun-Mei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj-Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology and Wonkwang Biomaterial Implant Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Chonbuk, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea
- *Han-Jung Chae:
| |
Collapse
|