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Knerr JM, Kledal TN, Rosenkilde MM. Molecular Properties and Therapeutic Targeting of the EBV-Encoded Receptor BILF1. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4079. [PMID: 34439235 PMCID: PMC8392491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-herpesvirus Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establishes lifelong infections in approximately 90% of adults worldwide. Up to 1,000,000 people yearly are estimated to suffer from health conditions attributed to the infection with this virus, such as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas as well as several forms of B, T and NK cell lymphoma. To date, no EBV-specific therapeutic option has reached the market, greatly reducing the survival prognoses of affected patients. Similar to other herpesviruses, EBV encodes for a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), BILF1, affecting a multitude of cellular signaling pathways. BILF1 has been identified to promote immune evasion and tumorigenesis, effectively ensuring a life-long persistence of EBV in, and driving detrimental health conditions to its host. This review summarizes the epidemiology of EBV-associated malignancies, their current standard-of-care, EBV-specific therapeutics in development, GPCRs and their druggability, and most importantly consolidates the findings of over 15 years of research on BILF1 in the context of EBV-specific drug development. Taken together, BILF1 constitutes a promising target for the development of novel EBV-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Maximilian Knerr
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København, Denmark;
| | | | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København, Denmark;
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2
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Chaparro Mirete M, López-López V, Robles Campos R. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the duodenum: a very infrequent tumor. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2021; 112:239. [PMID: 32022569 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.6503/2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a type of tumor that is histologically characterized by wide lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the stroma. This type of carcinoma is usually found in the airway and is extremely infrequent in the gastrointestinal tract. We present the case of a 77-year-old male, under follow-up for refractory anemia, who was diagnosed with a cavum type lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in the third duodenal portion. After diagnosis, he was treated surgically via a duodenal resection, without adjuvant oncological treatment due to the early diagnosis and surgical pathology features. Today, 12 months after surgery, the patient is free of disease. Cases of LELC have been described in other organs of the gastrointestinal tract. However, after an extensive review of the literature, this is the first case of LELC in the duodenum. A review of the available literature about LELC in the digestive tract and its management was also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chaparro Mirete
- Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca
| | - Víctor López-López
- Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, España
| | - Ricardo Robles Campos
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca
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3
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Kanno-Okada H, Takahashi K, Katano H, Shimizu A, Takakuwa E, Miyamoto S, Abiko S, Yamamoto K, Shimoda T, Mitsuhashi T, Hasegawa H, Matsuno Y. A case of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the colon. Pathol Int 2021; 71:420-426. [PMID: 33792098 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a poorly differentiated carcinoma with prominent lymphoid infiltration occurring in various organs but is exceedingly rare in the colorectal region. This malignancy is frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here we report a case of EBV-associated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the cecum in an 84-year-old male who presented with occult blood. In situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER) in an endoscopic submucosal dissection specimen showed that the tumor consisted of EBER-negative well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and EBER-positive lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Real-time PCR detected 7.16 copies of the EBV genome per cell in a sample microdissected from the latter component. Genotyping analysis demonstrated EBV genotype 1, and viral protein/transcript expression in the tumor showed EBV latency I. Expression of Ephrin receptor A2, a recently reported receptor for EBV, was demonstrated in the tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in the colorectal region showing a definite association with EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kanno-Okada
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenta Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Shimizu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Emi Takakuwa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shuichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abiko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
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4
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Ding Y, Sun Z, You W, Zhang S, Chang C, Yan S, Wang W. Lymphoepithelioma-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with Epstein-Barr virus infection: report of a rare case. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:497. [PMID: 31700933 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (LEL-ICC) is an uncommon lesion. Less than 100 cases of hepatic LELC, including IEL-HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) and IEL-ICC, have been described, and the understanding of the LELC is very limited. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with LEL-ICC. She complained of finding a lesion located in the left lateral liver during her last check-up 2 years ago. The contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a low-density mass located in the left lateral liver with an estimated magnitude of 20×16 mm. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated two T2 high-signal intensity foci in the left lateral liver, with similar size and signal manifestation in the arterial and portal venous phases. The patient underwent laparoscopic left lateral hepatectomy. The postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examination findings allowed for the definitive diagnosis. A literature review indicated that a geriatric Asian female with a single lesion located in the liver should consider the possibility of LEL-ICC. An Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection might play a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of LEL-ICC, and surgical resection was the first choice for treating LEL-ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wanlu You
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chengdong Chang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Medicine Innovation Center of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Remo A, Fassan M, Vanoli A, Bonetti LR, Barresi V, Tatangelo F, Gafà R, Giordano G, Pancione M, Grillo F, Mastracci L. Morphology and Molecular Features of Rare Colorectal Carcinoma Histotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071036. [PMID: 31340478 PMCID: PMC6678907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several histopathological variants of colorectal carcinoma can be distinguished, some associated with specific molecular profiles. However, in routine practice, ninety/ninety-five percent of all large bowel tumors are diagnosed as conventional adenocarcinoma, even though they are a heterogeneous group including rare histotypes, which are often under-recognized. Indeed, colorectal cancer exhibits differences in incidence, location of tumor, pathogenesis, molecular pathways and outcome depending on histotype. The aim is therefore to review the morphological and molecular features of these rare variants of intestinal carcinomas which may hold the key to differences in prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Services Department, ULSS9 "Scaligera", 37122 Verona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinic and Public Health Medicine, Anatomic Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara and S. Anna University Hospital, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, Ospedali Riuniti Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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