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Zhang X, Chen Z, Xiong Y, Zhou Q, Zhu LQ, Liu D. The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:402-415. [PMID: 38819044 PMCID: PMC11317957 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increase in global aging, the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing, and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate. However, few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients. Similarly in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders, synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline. Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system. Recently, nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia. Additionally, we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Center for Cognitive Science and Transdisciplinary Studies, Jiujiang University, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yinyi Xiong
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Ansari MA, Al-Jarallah A, Rao MS, Babiker A, Bensalamah K. Upregulation of NADPH-oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis in the hippocampus following impaired insulin signaling in the rats: Development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148890. [PMID: 38552936 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
NADPH-oxidase (NOX) is a multi-subunit enzyme complex. The upregulation of NOX causes massive production of superoxide (O2¯), which avidly reacts with nitric oxide (NO) and increases cellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Increased ROS/RNS plays pivotal role in the sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) development and brain damage following impaired insulin signaling. Hence, this study aimed to examine early-time course of changes in NOX and NOS expression, and apoptotic proteins in the rats hippocampi following insulin signaling impairment [induced by STZ injection; intraperitoneal (IP) or in cerebral ventricles (ICV)]. Early effects (1, 3, or 6 weeks) on the NOX activity, translocation of NOX subunits from cytosol to the membrane, NO-synthases [neuronal-, inducible- and endothelial-NOS; nNOS, iNOS and eNOS], The Rac-1 protein expression, levels of NO and O2¯, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 and 9 activations (cleavage) were studied. STZ injection (in both models) increased NOX activity, O2¯ production, and enhanced cytosolic subunits translocation into membrane. The iNOS but not nNOS and eNOS expression and NO levels were increased in STZ treated rats. Finally, STZ injection increased cytochrome c release, caspase-3 and 9 activations in a manner that was significantly associated with levels of O2¯ and NO in the hippocampus. ICV-STZ administration resulted in significant profound changes over the IP route. In conclusion, impairment in insulin function induces early changes in ROS/RNS contents through NOX and iNOS upregulation and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus. Our results could mechanistically explain the role of impaired insulin function in the development of sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeen A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Babiker
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Bensalamah
- Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Safat 13110, Kuwait
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3
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Role of curcumin in ameliorating hypertension and associated conditions: a mechanistic insight. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2359-2385. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen W, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y. Nitrate Metabolism and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:735181. [PMID: 35309590 PMCID: PMC8927699 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.735181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic and organic nitrates are present in vivo and in vitro. Inorganic nitrate is considered a pool of nitric oxide (NO), but it can be converted into nitrite and NO through various mechanisms. It plays an important role in the regulation of complex physiological and biochemical reactions, such as anti-inflammatory processes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation, which are closely related to the pathology and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is characterized by high incidence, recurrence, and disability rates. Nitrate, nitrite, and NO were recently found to be involved in cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we describe the relationship between cerebrovascular disease and nitrate metabolism to provide a basis for further advances in laboratory and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Yilong Wang
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Zhu HY, Hong FF, Yang SL. The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094540. [PMID: 33926146 PMCID: PMC8123648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Queen Marry College, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Teaching Center, Department of Experimental, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
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Gage MC, Thippeswamy T. Inhibitors of Src Family Kinases, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and NADPH Oxidase as Potential CNS Drug Targets for Neurological Diseases. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:1-20. [PMID: 33515429 PMCID: PMC7893831 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases share common neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Both phenotypic and molecular changes in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons contribute to the progression of disease and present potential targets for disease modification. Src family kinases (SFKs) are present in both neurons and glial cells and are upregulated following neurological insults in both human and animal models. In neurons, SFKs interact with post-synaptic protein domains to mediate hyperexcitability and neurotoxicity. SFKs are upstream of signaling cascades that lead to the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as producers of free radicals through the activation of glia. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS-II) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), the major mediators of reactive nitrogen/oxygen species (RNS/ROS) production in the brain, are also upregulated along with the pro-inflammatory cytokines following neurological insult and contribute to disease progression. Persistent neuronal hyperexcitability, RNS/ROS, and cytokines can exacerbate neurodegeneration, a common pathognomonic feature of the most prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Using a wide variety of preclinical disease models, inhibitors of the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling axis have been tested to cure or modify disease progression. In this review, we discuss the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling pathway and their inhibitors as potential CNS targets for major neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C. Gage
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Jandhyam H, Parija SC. Vasorelaxation Caused by Eugenol, Curcumin and Nanocurcumin is Partially Mediated by Activation of Aminoguanidine-sensitive iNOS in the Middle Uterine Artery of Non-pregnant and Pregnant Capra hircus. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products like eugenol and curcumin have been reported to control hypertension. The purpose of our study was to examine the role of iNOS in eugenol/curcumin/nanocurcumin–induced vasorelaxation in the middle uterine artery (MUA) obtained from non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) Capra hircus ( Ch). The MUA rings were mounted in an automatic organ bath attached to a powerlab data acquisition system. Vasorelaxation was induced by eugenol/curcumin/nanocurcumin in either the absence or presence of aminoguanidine in phenylephrine precontracted MUA rings. The vasorelaxation response was recorded isometrically by a highly sensitive isometric force transducer automatic organ bath connected to powerlab and analysed using Labchart 7.1.3 software. The maximal vasorelaxation (Rmax) obtained from eugenol, curcumin and nanocurcumin -induced concentration related contractile response elicited in PE- precontracted ED+ MUA rings was 49.5%, 42.6%, and 40.4% in NP, and 79.5%, 55.5%, and 44.1% in P Ch. Aminoguanidine attenuated the Rmax of eugenol, curcumin and nanocurcumin to 28.2%, 28.5%, and 16.4% in MUA of NP, and 57.2%, 57.4%, and 38.0% in MUA of P Ch, respectively. The results demonstrated that vasorelaxation to (i) Eugenol is partly mediated by partial activation of aminoguanidine-sensitive iNOS in the uterine artery and this pathway is augmented in pregnancy, (ii) Nanocurcumin is mediated by activation of aminoguanidine-sensitive iNOS in the uterine artery of NP, but not in P Ch and (iii) Curcumin is mediated by minimal activation of aminoguanidine sensitive iNOS only in the uterine artery of NP, but not in P Ch. In conclusion, eugenol and nanocurcumin possess a greater potential than curcumin in the control of hypertension due to partial activation of iNOS. These nutraceuticals could be useful to improve blood flow to the uterus to maintain oestrus cycle, maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harithalakshmi Jandhyam
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar – 751003, India
| | - Subas Chandra Parija
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar – 751003, India
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Zhao X, Liu J, Yang S, Song D, Wang C, Chen C, Li X, Wang Q, Ge S, Yang R, Liu X, Lin Y, Cai D. Ling-Yang-Gou-Teng-decoction prevents vascular dementia through inhibiting oxidative stress induced neurovascular coupling dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:229-238. [PMID: 29545211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vascular dementia (VaD) is the common cognitive disorder derived mainly from lacunar stroke (LS). The oxidative stress induced neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction involves in the pathogenesis of VaD. Currently, there is no specific drug for VaD. Ling-Yang-Gou-Teng -Decoction (LG), a well-known traditional Chinese formula, has been used for preventing VaD in clinic. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of LG on VaD in rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD VaD was replicated with autologous micro-thrombi against the background of hypercholesterolemia induced with high fatty diet. PTX (68.90 mg/kg/day), LG with three dosages (2.58, 8.14, 25.80 g/kg/day) was orally administrated to VaD rats, respectively. The NVC sensitivity was defined as the ratio of the microcirculative cerebral blood velocity (CBV) to the electroencephalograph (EEG) before and after penicillin stimulation. Behavioral performance, pathological changes of brain and oxidation related molecules were detected to assess the effects of LG on VaD. RESULTS LG exhibited beneficial effects on the VaD, which was demonstrated as improved exploratory, learning and memory abilities, relieved vascular or neural pathological changes in cerebral cortex or hippocampus. LG maintained NVC sensitivity, which was confirmed as significantly increased ΔCBV and the elevated ratio of ΔCBV/ΔqEEG. The underlying mechanisms of LG was associated with antioxidant effects, which was confirmed as significantly decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression, and increased superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) expression. LG also reduced iNOS, increased nNOS and eNOS expression to restore NO bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that LG prevented VaD may associate with inhibiting oxidative stress, protecting NO bioavailability, and then maintaining NVC sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuting Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shasha Ge
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runmei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yulin Lin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dayong Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Deletion of interferon-regulatory factor-1 results in cognitive impairment. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:809-816. [PMID: 30082820 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-regulatory factor (IRF)-1-dependent genes in neurons play a role in ischemic neuronal death; however, the roles of IRF-1 in dementia are not well investigated. Therefore, we assessed the effect of IRF-1 on cognitive function using a vascular cognitive impairment mouse model created by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Male 10-week-old C57BL/6 (wild-type; WT) and IRF-1-knockout (IRF-1KO) mice were used in this study. A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model was generated by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) treatment. After 6 weeks of BCAS, the mice were subjected to the Morris water maze test five times a day for 5 days. In the Morris water maze task, escape latency was significantly prolonged in sham-operated IRF-1KO mice compared with sham-operated WT mice. However, BCAS treatment cancelled such difference in spatial learning between WT and IRF-1KO mice. BCAS treatment decreased CBF, but no significant difference was observed between the two strains after BCAS. Sham-operated IRF-1KO mice showed a decrease in mRNA expression of caspase-1 and an increase in IRF-2 expression in the hippocampus. Expression of angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor, which induces better cognitive function, is regulated by IRF-1; however, no obvious difference in AT2 receptor expression was observed between the two strains even after BCAS. These results suggest that IRF-1 has a protective effect on cognitive decline in a normal condition; however, there was no obvious effect on cognition after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion treatment.
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Zhao X, Liu J, Yang S, Song D, Wang C, Chen C, Wang C, Pu F, Yang R, Li X, Wang Q, Ge S, Lin Y, Liu X, Cai D. A novel pharmacodynamic model in rats for preventing vascular dementia from maintaining neurovascular coupling sensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29526715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the common cognitive disorder derived mainly from lacunar stroke. The neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction involves in its pathogenesis. VaD lacks suitable animal models for developing preventive therapies. This study aimed to confirm a model for preventing VaD via maintaining NVC sensitivity in rats. The model was replicated with autologous microthrombi against the background of hypercholesterolemia. A phosphodiesterase inhibitor (pentoxyfylline) was preventively administrated to confirm the role of NVC sensitivity. Cognitive function was evaluated as exploratory, learning and memorizing abilities. NVC sensitivity was defined as the ratio of microcirculative cerebral blood flow (∆CBF) to the quantitative electroencephalograph (∆qEEG) before and after penicillin stimulation. The pathogenesis of NVC dysfunction was explored as expressions of neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cerebral cortex. The model rats showed cognitive impairment, microvascular edema (2.54 ± 0.30%, P < 0.01), neuronal edema (1.24 ± 0.48%, P < 0.01) and nissl body loss (0.03 ± 0.003%, P < 0.01) in cerebral cortex, and neuronal necrosis in hippocampal CA1 region (neuronal cell number 41.76 ± 10.04 cells, P < 0.01) compared with sham group. The NVC dullness in model rats was confirmed as significantly decreased ratio of ∆CBF/∆qEEG (0.05 ± 0.02%, P < 0.01) compared with sham group (0.20 ± 0.06%). The underlying mechanism of NVC dysfunction was found as imbalanced NOS expressions (decreased nNOS and eNOS, while increased iNOS levels in cerebral cortex). The NVC dullness was significantly relieved in pentoxyfylline administrated rats (0.12 ± 0.06%, P < 0.01). It indicated that this model was suitable to evaluate candidates for preventing VaD via maintaining NVC sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 10853, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 10853, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runmei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuting Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shasha Ge
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulin Lin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 10853, China.
| | - Dayong Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Cheng MC, Pan TM. Prevention of hypertension-induced vascular dementia by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented products. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:487-496. [PMID: 27937042 PMCID: PMC6130674 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1253109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Numerous etiological studies have established positive clinical association between hypertension and vascular dementia (VaD). Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented products have been shown to decrease vascular risk factors such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and obesity. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented products (NTU101F) in hypertension-induced VaD in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypertension was promoted by subcutaneous injection of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA, 25 mg/kg body weight/day, twice a week) and substitution of drinking water with 1.0% NaCl and 0.2% KCl. The NTU101F groups (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0) administered NTU101F at the concentrations 11, 22, and 110 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, starting from day 51 day of DOCA-salt treatment. Morris water maze (MWM) was used for testing learning and memory. Different biochemical estimations were used to assess oxidative stress and inflammatory response in hippocampus. RESULTS Oral administration of NTU101F in DOCA-salt hypertension-induced VaD rats resulted in a significant decrease in blood pressure by 18.3-23.2% (p < 0.001), which was regulated by increasing eNOS density (about 3-fold) in the aorta, promoting NO production, and decreasing of matrix metallopeptidase 9 activity (about 2-fold) in the hippocampus, in addition to improve the kidney function and structure, decrease escape latency and increase the times spent in the target quadrant by 23.5-27.8% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that NTU101F could exert neuroprotection in the brain and attenuate hypertension-induced VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Choi DH, Lee J. A Mini-Review of the NADPH oxidases in Vascular Dementia: Correlation with NOXs and Risk Factors for VaD. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112500. [PMID: 29165383 PMCID: PMC5713465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the factors that cause dementia conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (VaD). In the pathogenesis of VaD, OS is associated with risk factors that include increased age, hypertension, and stroke. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a molecular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). According to recent studies, inhibition of NOX activity can reduce cognitive impairment in animal models of VaD. In this article, we review the evidence linking cognitive impairment with NOX-dependent OS, including the vascular NOX and non-vascular NOX systems, in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
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Inhibition of iNOS alleviates cognitive deficits and depression in diabetic mice through downregulating the NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG signal pathway. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Neuroprotective Effects of Nicorandil in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Vascular Dementia. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:2717-2728. [PMID: 27622862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow and vascular dementia (VaD). Brain mitochondrial potassium (adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium [KATP]) channels have a beneficial role in various brain conditions. The utility of KATP channels in CCH-induced VaD is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of nicorandil, a selective KATP channel opener, in CCH-induced VaD. METHODS The method of 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) was used to induce CCH in mice. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Morris water maze. Serum nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), brain cholinergic dysfunction (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity), brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione [GSH], catalase [CAT], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]), inflammation (myeloperoxidase [MPO]), and infarct size (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining) were assessed. RESULTS 2-vessels-occluded animals have shown significant cognitive impairment, serum nitrosative stress (reduced nitrite/nitrate), cholinergic dysfunction (increased brain AChE activity), and increased brain oxidative stress (reduction in GSH content and SOD and CAT activities with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation), along with a significant increase in MPO activity and infarct size. However, nicorandil treatment has significantly attenuated various CCH-induced behavioral and biochemical impairments. CONCLUSIONS It may be said that 2VO provoked CCH leading to VaD, which was attenuated by the treatment of nicorandil. So, modulation of KATP channels may provide benefits in CCH-induced VaD.
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Alipour H, Goldust M. The association between blood pressure components and cognitive functions and cognitive reserve. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 38:95-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1047946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Houman Alipour
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Aras Branch, Tabriz, Iran and
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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16
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The effect of SCF and ouabain on small intestinal motility dysfunction induced by gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:267-77. [PMID: 25689893 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) play an important role in maintaining the normal function of gastrointestinal dynamics. In our previous study, we reported that, in advanced gastric cancer, the frequency of bowel movement is always reduced, due in part to the decreased number of ICCs. To investigate the impact of ICCs in gastric cancer, we established a mouse model of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis using SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells and their supernatant. Then, stem cell factor (SCF) and ouabain were used as therapeutic agents to improve gut dynamics. Our data showed that, compared with the normal mice, treatment with SGC-7901 cells and their supernatant led to a significant reduction of the muscle layer thickness, a decreased number of ICCs, broadened gaps between ICCs and surrounding cells, degeneration and necrosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In contrast to SGC-7901 cell and supernatant treatment, SCF intervention caused mild submucosal edema and mitochondrial proliferation in the ICCs and SMCs. Additionally, ouabain treatment led to inflammatory cells infiltration into the submucosa and a decreased volume of ICCs. In conclusion, our data illustrated that, under the condition of gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis, the dysfunction of intestinal peristalsis may be related to pathological changes in ICCs. Moreover, we demonstrated that SCF treatment may help to improve intestinal dynamics by regulating the number and function of ICCs.
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Singh P, Gupta S, Sharma B. Melatonin receptor and KATP channel modulation in experimental vascular dementia. Physiol Behav 2015; 142:66-78. [PMID: 25659733 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases are stated as important risk factors of vascular dementia (VaD) and other cognitive disorders. In the central nervous system, melatonin (MT1/MT2) as well as serotonin subtype 2C (5-HT2C) receptors is pharmacologically associated with various neurological disorders. Brain mitochondrial potassium channels have been reported for their role in neuroprotection. This study has been structured to investigate the role of agomelatine, a melatonergic MT1/MT2 agonist and nicorandil, a selective ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener in renal artery ligation (two-kidney-one-clip: 2K1C) hypertension induced endothelial dysfunction, brain damage and VaD. 2K1C-renovascular hypertension has increased mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), impaired memory (elevated plus maze and Morris water maze), endothelial function, reduced serum nitrite/nitrate and increased brain damage (TTC staining of brain sections). Furthermore, 2K1C animals have shown high levels of oxidative stress in serum (increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS with decreased levels of glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD and catalase-CAT), in the aorta (increased aortic superoxide anion) and in the brain (increased TBARS with decreased GSH, SOD and CAT). 2K1C has also induced a significant increase in brain inflammation (myeloperoxidase-MPO levels), acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and calcium levels. Impairment in mitochondrial complexes like NADH dehydrogenase (complex-I), succinate dehydrogenase (complex-II) and cytochrome oxidase (complex-IV) was also noted in 2K1C animals. Administration of agomelatine, nicorandil and donepezil significantly attenuated 2K1C-hypertension induced impairments in memory, endothelial function, nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and brain damage. Therefore, modulators of MT1/MT2 receptors and KATP channels may be considered as potential agents for the management of renovascular hypertension induced VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Singh
- CNS and CVS Pharmacology Lab., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, 250103 Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- CNS and CVS Pharmacology Lab., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, 250103 Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, 250103 Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Pocket F-233, B, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
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Leo MD, Kandasamy K, Subramani J, Tandan SK, Kumar D. Involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase and dimethyl arginine dimethylaminohydrolase in Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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19
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Singh P, Sharma B, Gupta S, Sharma BM. In vivo and in vitro attenuation of naloxone-precipitated experimental opioid withdrawal syndrome by insulin and selective KATP channel modulator. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:465-75. [PMID: 25059539 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Opiate exposure for longer duration develops state of dependence in humans and animals, which is revealed by signs and symptoms of withdrawal precipitated by opioid receptor antagonists. The sudden withdrawal of opioids produces a withdrawal syndrome in opioid-dependent subjects. Insulin and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel-mediated glucose homeostasis have been shown to modulate morphine withdrawal. OBJECTIVE Present study has been structured to investigate the role of insulin and pharmacological modulator of KATP channel (gliclazide) in experimental morphine withdrawal syndrome, both invivo and invitro. METHODS In this study, naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice (invivo) as well as in rat ileum (invitro) were utilized to assess opioid withdrawal phenomenon. Morphine withdrawal syndromes like jumping and rearing frequency, forepaw licking, circling, fore paw tremor, wet dog shake, sneezing, overall morphine withdrawal severity (OMWS), serum glucose, brain malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitrite/nitrate, and calcium (Ca(+2)) were assessed. RESULTS Naloxone has significantly increased morphine withdrawal syndrome, both invivo and invitro. Insulin and gliclazide have significantly attenuated, naloxone induced behavioral changes like jumping and rearing frequency, forepaw licking, wet dog shake, sneezing, straightening, circling, OMWS, and various biochemical impairments such as serum glucose, brain MDA, GSH, nitrite/nitrate, and Ca(+2) in morphine-dependent animals (invivo). In vitro, insulin and gliclazide have significantly reduced naloxone-induced contraction in morphine-withdrawn rat ileum preparation. CONCLUSIONS Insulin and gliclazide (KATP channel blocker) have attenuated naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome, both invivo and invitro. Thus, insulin and KATP channel modulation may provide new avenues for research in morphine withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Singh
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, 250103, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Towiwat P, Phattanarudee S, Maher TJ, Ally A. Modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and cardiovascular responses during static exercise following iNOS antagonism within the ventrolateral medulla. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:185-94. [PMID: 25234194 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports indicate that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) blockade within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) differentially modulated cardiovascular responses, medullary glutamate, and GABA concentrations during static skeletal muscle contraction. In the current study, we determined the role of iNOS antagonism within the RVLM and CVLM on cardiovascular responses and iNOS protein expression during the exercise pressor reflex in anesthetized rats. Following 120 min of bilateral microdialysis of a selective iNOS antagonist, aminoguanidine (AGN; 10 µM), into the RVLM, the pressor responses were attenuated by 72 % and changes in heart rate were reduced by 38 % during a static muscle contraction. Furthermore, western blot analysis of iNOS protein abundance within the RVLM revealed a significant attenuation when compared to control animals. In contrast, bilateral administration of AGN (10 µM) into the CVLM augmented the increases in mean arterial pressure by 60 % and potentiated changes in heart rate by 61 % during muscle contractions, but did not alter expression of the iNOS protein within the CVLM. These results demonstrate that iNOS protein expression within the ventrolateral medulla is differentially regulated by iNOS blockade that may, in part, contribute to the modulation of cardiovascular responses during static exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasarapa Towiwat
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Singh G, Sharma B, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Efficacy of bosentan, a dual ETA and ETB endothelin receptor antagonist, in experimental diabetes induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and associated dementia in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 124:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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22
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Gupta S, Sharma B. Pharmacological benefits of agomelatine and vanillin in experimental model of Huntington's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:122-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mangat GS, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Ameliorative Effect of a Selective Endothelin ETA Receptor Antagonist in Rat Model of L-Methionine-induced Vascular Dementia. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:201-9. [PMID: 24976759 PMCID: PMC4071172 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of selective ETA receptor antagonist, ambrisentan on hyperhomocysteinemia-induced experimental vascular dementia. L-methionine was administered for 8 weeks to induce hyperhomocysteinemia and associated vascular dementia in male rats. Ambrisentan was administered to L-methionine-treated effect rats for 4 weeks (starting from 5th to 8th week of L-methionine treatment). On 52nd day onward, the animals were exposed to the Morris water maze (MWM) for testing their learning and memory abilities. Vascular endothelial function, serum nitrite/nitrate levels, brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), brain reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were also measured. L-methionine-treated animals showed significant learning and memory impairment, endothelial dysfunction, decrease in/serum nitrite/nitrate and brain GSH levels along with an increase in brain TBARS levels and AChE activity. Ambrisentan significantly improved hyperhomocysteinemia-induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical parameters. These effects were comparable to that of donepezil serving as positive control. It is concluded that ambrisentan, a selective ETA receptor antagonist may be considered as a potential pharmacological agent for the management of hyperhomocysteinemia-induced vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautamjeet S Mangat
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab) 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar S Jaggi
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab) 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab) 147002, India
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Gupta S, Sharma B. Protective effects of phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) and ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel modulators against 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral and biochemical toxicities in experimental Huntington׳s disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 732:111-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gupta S, Sharma B. Pharmacological benefit of I(1)-imidazoline receptors activation and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) modulation in experimental Huntington's disease. Brain Res Bull 2014; 102:57-68. [PMID: 24582883 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, emotional disturbances, dementia, weight loss and anxiety. The tremendous amount of research work is required to identify new pharmacological agents of therapeutic utility to combat this condition. This study investigates the effect of selective modulator of I1-imidazoline receptor (moxonidine) as well as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) (natrium diethyl dithio carbamate trihydrate-NDDCT) on 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) induced experimental HD condition. 3-NPA was used to induce mitochondrial damage and associated HD symptoms in rats. Anxiety was assessed using Elevated plus maze-EPM and learning-memory was assessed using EPM and Morris water maze-MWM. Different biochemical estimations were used to assess brain striatum oxidative stress (lipid peroxide, superoxide dismutase and catalase), nitric oxide levels (nitrite/nitrate), cholinergic activity (brain striatum acetyl cholinesterase activity), and mitochondrial enzyme complex (I, II and IV) activities. 3-NPA has induced anxiety, impaired learning-memory with a reduction in body weight, locomotor activity, grip strength. It has increased brain striatum acetylcholinesterase-AChE activity, oxidative stress (lipid peroxide, nitrite/nitrate, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and impaired mitochondrial complex enzyme (I, II and IV) activities. Tetrabenazine-TBZ (monoamine storage inhibitor) was used as positive control. Treatment with moxonidine, NDDCT and TBZ significantly attenuated 3-NPA induced reduction in body weight, locomotor activity, grip strength, anxiety as well as impaired learning and memory. Administration of these agents attenuated 3-NPA induced various biochemical impairments. Therefore, modulation of I1-imidazoline receptor as well as NF-κB may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of 3-NPA induced HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Gupta
- Neuropharmacology Lab., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Pocket F-233, B, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India.
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Gupta S, Sharma B. Pharmacological modulation of I1-imidazoline and α2-adrenoceptors in sub acute brain ischemia induced vascular dementia. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sharma B, Sharma PM. Arsenic toxicity induced endothelial dysfunction and dementia: pharmacological interdiction by histone deacetylase and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:180-8. [PMID: 23921152 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity has been reported to damage all the major organs including the brain and vasculature. Dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are posing greater risk to the world population as it is now increasing at a faster rate. We have investigated the role of sodium butyrate, a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and aminoguanidine, a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor in pharmacological interdiction of arsenic toxicity induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and dementia in rats. Arsenic toxicity was done by administering arsenic drinking water to rats. Morris water-maze (MWM) test was used for assessment of learning and memory. Endothelial function was assessed using student physiograph. Oxidative stress (aortic superoxide anion, serum and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species, brain glutathione) and nitric oxide levels (serum nitrite/nitrate) were also measured. Arsenic treated rats have shown impairment of endothelial function, learning and memory, reduction in serum nitrite/nitrate & brain GSH levels along with increase in serum & brain TBARS. Sodium butyrate as well as aminoguanidine significantly convalesce arsenic induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial function, and alterations in various biochemical parameters. It may be concluded that arsenic induces endothelial dysfunction and dementia, whereas, sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor as well as aminoguanidine, a selective iNOS inhibitor may be considered as potential agents for the management of arsenic induced endothelial dysfunction and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology, Partapur Bypass, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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