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Chen Y, Liu Z, Gong Y. Neuron-immunity communication: mechanism of neuroprotective effects in EGCG. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37216484 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2212069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a naturally occurring active ingredient unique to tea, has been shown to have neuroprotective potential. There is growing evidence of its potential advantages in the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological damage. Neuroimmune communication is an important physiological mechanism in neurological diseases, including immune cell activation and response, cytokine delivery. EGCG shows great neuroprotective potential by modulating signals related to autoimmune response and improving communication between the nervous system and the immune system, effectively reducing the inflammatory state and neurological function. During neuroimmune communication, EGCG promotes the secretion of neurotrophic factors into the repair of damaged neurons, improves intestinal microenvironmental homeostasis, and ameliorates pathological phenotypes through molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the brain-gut axis. Here, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammatory signaling exchange involving neuroimmune communication. We further emphasize that the neuroprotective role of EGCG is dependent on the modulatory role between immunity and neurology in neurologically related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Gene Resources of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Educatioxn, Changsha, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
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Aslan A, Beyaz S, Gok O, Can MI, Parlak G, Gundogdu R, Ozercan IH, Baspinar S. Protective effect of royal jelly on fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via the some protein biomarkers signaling pathways: A new approach for kidney damage. Biomarkers 2022; 27:637-647. [PMID: 35735023 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2093977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in this study.Methods: 42 healthy male Wistar rats (n = 42, 8 weeks of age) were divided equally into 6 groups with 7 rats in each; (1) Group-1: Controls fed with standard diet; (2) Group-2: RJ [100 mg/kg] bw (body weight), by oral gavage; (3) Group-3: Fluoride [50 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water; (4) Group-4: Fluoride [100 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water; (5) Group-5: RJ [100 mg/kg] bw, by oral gavage + Fluoride [50 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water; (6) Group-6: RJ [100 mg/kg] bw, by oral gavage + Fluoride [100 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water. After 8 weeks, all rats were decapitated and their kidney tissues were removed for further analysis. The protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF, GSK-3, BDNF, COX-2 and TNF-α proteins in kidney tissue were analysed by western blotting techniqueResults: RJ increased Bcl-2, COX-2, GSK-3, TNF-α and VEGF protein levels and a decreased caspase-3, caspase -6, caspase-9, Bax and BDNF protein levels in fluoride-treated rats.Conclusion: RJ application may have a promising therapeutical potential in the treatment of many diseases in the future by reducing kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seda Beyaz
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ismail Can
- Inonu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gozde Parlak
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Gundogdu
- Bingol University, Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | | | - Serpil Baspinar
- Firat University, Department of Medical Imaging, Health Services Vocational High School, Elazig, Turkey
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Tsermpini EE, Redenšek S, Dolžan V. Genetic Factors Associated With Tardive Dyskinesia: From Pre-clinical Models to Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:834129. [PMID: 35140610 PMCID: PMC8819690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.834129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia is a severe motor adverse event of antipsychotic medication, characterized by involuntary athetoid movements of the trunk, limbs, and/or orofacial areas. It affects two to ten patients under long-term administration of antipsychotics that do not subside for years even after the drug is stopped. Dopamine, serotonin, cannabinoid receptors, oxidative stress, plasticity factors, signaling cascades, as well as CYP isoenzymes and transporters have been associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD) occurrence in terms of genetic variability and metabolic capacity. Besides the factors related to the drug and the dose and patients’ clinical characteristics, a very crucial variable of TD development is individual susceptibility and genetic predisposition. This review summarizes the studies in experimental animal models and clinical studies focusing on the impact of genetic variations on TD occurrence. We identified eight genes emerging from preclinical findings that also reached statistical significance in at least one clinical study. The results of clinical studies are often conflicting and non-conclusive enough to support implementation in clinical practice.
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Kuzay D, Dileköz E, Özer Ç. Effects of thymoquinone in a rat model of reserpine-induced depression. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Aslan A, Beyaz S, Gok O, Can MI, Parlak G, Ozercan IH, Gundogdu R. Royal jelly abrogates flouride-induced oxidative damage in rat heart tissue by activating of the nrf-2/NF-κB and bcl-2/bax pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:644-654. [PMID: 34227456 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1950249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Royal jelly is known to strengthen memory, provide antioxidative, antidiabetic, antitumor, anticancer, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive. In this study, 42 rats (n = 42) were used, and these rats were divided into 6 groups of 7 rats each. Groups: (i) Control Group: Group fed with standard diet; (ii) Royal Jelly (RJ) Group: RJ (100 mg/kg bw, gavage); (iii) F50 Group: Fluoride (50 mg/kg bw, drinking water); (iv) F100 Group: F (100 mg/kg bw, drinking water); (v) F50 + RJ Group: F (50 mg/kg bw, drinking water) + RJ (100 mg/kg bw, gavage); (vi) F100 + RJ Group: F (100 mg/kg bw, drinking water) + RJ (100 mg/kg bw, gavage). The rats were decapitated after 8 weeks, and their heart tissues were taken and examined. Lipid peroxidation by MDA (malondialdehyde) analyzes, GSH (glutathione) level and catalase activity were determined by spectrophotometer. Protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, BDNF, Gsk-3, Nrf-2 and NF-κB proteins in heart tissue were determined by western blotting technique and hearth tissue evaluated by histopathologically. As a result, MDA levels, Bcl-2, Gsk-3 and NF-κB protein expression levels were reduced, whereas GSH levels, caspase-3, caspase-9, caspase-6, Bax, BDNF and Nrf-2 protein levels were increased in the F50 + RJ and F100 + RJ groups compared to the F50 and F100 groups. According to the results of this study, it has been concluded that Royal jelly has the potential to be developed in to a drug for treatment of heart diseases in addition to providing protection against heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seda Beyaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ismail Can
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gozde Parlak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Ramazan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
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Reinheimer JB, Bressan GN, de Freitas CM, Ceretta APC, Krum BN, Nogara PA, Rodrigues T, Schwerz JP, da Rocha JBT, Fachinetto R. Effects of CATECHIN on reserpine-induced vacuous chewing movements: behavioral and biochemical analysis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2439-2452. [PMID: 32725283 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of (+)-catechin, a polyphenolic compound, on orofacial dyskinesia (OD) induced by reserpine in mice. The potential modulation of monoaminoxidase (MAO) activity, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) immunoreactivity by catechin were used as biochemical endpoints. The interaction of catechin with MAO-A and MAO-B was determined in vitro and in silico. The effects of catechin on OD induced by reserpine (1 mg/kg for 4 days, subcutaneously) in male Swiss mice were examined. After, catechin (10, 50 or 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or its vehicle were given for another 20 days. On the 6th, 8th, 15th and 26th day, vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and locomotor activity were quantified. Biochemical markers (MAO activity, TH and GAD67 immunoreactivity) were evaluated in brain structures. In vitro, catechin inhibited both MAO isoforms at concentrations of 0.34 and 1.03 mM being completely reversible for MAO-A and partially reversible for MAO-B. Molecular docking indicated that the catechin bound in the active site of MAO-A, while in the MAO-B it interacted with the surface of the enzyme in an allosteric site. In vivo, reserpine increased the VCMs and decreased the locomotor activity. Catechin (10 mg/kg), decreased the number of VCMs in the 8th day in mice pre-treated with reserpine without altering other behavioral response. Ex vivo, the MAO activity and TH and GAD67 immunoreactivity were not altered by the treatments. Catechin demonstrated a modest and transitory protective effect in a model of OD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Binotto Reinheimer
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Getulio Nicola Bressan
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Catiuscia Molz de Freitas
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Chiapinotto Ceretta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Nunes Krum
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Andrei Nogara
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Talita Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselei Fachinetto
- ªPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Tseng HC, Wang MH, Chang KC, Soung HS, Fang CH, Lin YW, Li KY, Yang CC, Tsai CC. Protective Effect of (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism-like Symptoms in Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:669-682. [PMID: 31811588 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT)-induced neurotoxicity has been used for decades as an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans. This model exhibits pathophysiological features similar to those reported in patients with PD, namely, striatal nitrosative and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neural cytoarchitecture alteration. (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant and potent green tea catechin, has notable anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effects of EGCG on ROT-induced motor and neurochemical dysfunctions in rats. Furthermore, we also aimed to study the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying these effects. ROT treatment (0.5 mg/kg s.c., 21 days) reduced body weight and induced significant motor impairments as assessed using an open-field test, rotarod test, grip strength measurement, and beam-crossing task. EGCG treatment (100 or 300 mg/kg i.p., 60 min prior to ROT administration, 21 days) prevented most of the ROT-induced motor impairments. Moreover, EGCG treatment reduced ROT-induced nitric oxide (NO) level and lipid peroxidation (LPO) production; increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), ATPase, and ETC enzymes and the levels of catecholamines in the striatum; and reduced the levels of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers. These results demonstrate the possible neuroprotective effects of EGCG against ROT-induced motor impairments, including anti-oxidatory effect, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction, prevention of neurochemical deficiency, anti-neuroinflammatory effect, and anti-apoptotic effect. This is the first report about the neuroprotective effect of EGCG against ROT-induced motor impairments, and the above evidence provides a potential clinically relevant role for EGCG in delaying or treating human PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chien Tseng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 11101, Taiwan, Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, En Chu Kon Hospital, Sanshia District, New Taipei City, 23702, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Chi Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Sheng Soung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuan-Shan Br. of Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Yilan County, 26604, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsiang Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Keng-Yuan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Chuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Chia Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Onishi S, Meguro S, Pervin M, Kitazawa H, Yoto A, Ishino M, Shimba Y, Mochizuki Y, Miura S, Tokimitsu I, Unno K. Green Tea Extracts Attenuate Brain Dysfunction in High-Fat-Diet-Fed SAMP8 Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040821. [PMID: 30979047 PMCID: PMC6521105 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet promotes progression of metabolic disorders and brain dysfunction with aging. Green tea extracts (GTEs) have various beneficial effects and alleviate metabolic disorders. GTEs have neuroprotective effects in rodent models, but their effects against brain dysfunction in models of aging fed unhealthy diets are still unclear. Here, we showed that GTEs attenuate high-fat (HF) diet-induced brain dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8), a murine model of senescence. SAMP8 mice were fed a control diet, HF diet, or HF diet with 0.5% GTEs (HFGT) for four months. The HF diet reduced memory retention and induced amyloid β1–42 accumulation, whereas GTEs attenuated these changes. In HF diet-fed mice, lipid oxidative stress, assessed by malondialdehyde levels, was increased. The levels of proteins that promote synaptic plasticity, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), were reduced. These alterations related to brain dysfunction were not observed in HFGT diet-fed mice. Overall, our data suggest that GTEs intake might attenuate brain dysfunction in HF diet-fed SAMP8 mice by protecting synaptic plasticity as well as via anti-oxidative effects. In conclusion, GTEs might ameliorate unhealthy diet-induced brain dysfunction that develops with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Onishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Meguro
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Monira Pervin
- Tea Science center, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hidefumi Kitazawa
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Ai Yoto
- Tea Science center, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Mayu Ishino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuki Shimba
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Tokimitsu
- Department of Health and Food Science, University of Human Arts and Science, Magome, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama 339-0077, Japan.
| | - Keiko Unno
- Tea Science center, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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L-Theanine Decreases Orofacial Dyskinesia Induced by Reserpine in Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:375-387. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Injury via PI3K/AKT/eNOS Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6473580. [PMID: 29770336 PMCID: PMC5889863 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6473580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has neuroprotective effects and the ability to resist amyloidosis. This study observed the protective effect of EGCG against neuronal injury in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and investigated the mechanism of action of PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway. Methods Rat models of permanent MCAO were established using the suture method. Rat behavior was measured using neurological deficit score. Pathology and apoptosis were measured using HE staining and TUNEL. Oxidative stress and brain injury markers were examined using ELISA. Apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway were determined using western blot assay and immunohistochemistry. Results EGCG decreased neurological function score, protected nerve cells, inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and inhibited oxidative stress injury and brain injury markers level after MCAO. EGCG reduced the apoptotic rate of neurons, increased the expression of Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax. After LY294002 suppressed the PI3K pathway, the protective effect of EGCG decreased after administration of PI3K inhibitors. Conclusion EGCG has a protective effect on rat brain injury induced by MCAO, possibly by modulating the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Chen CN, Chang KC, Lin RF, Wang MH, Shih RL, Tseng HC, Soung HS, Tsai CC. Nitric oxide pathway activity modulation alters the protective effects of (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on reserpine-induced impairment in rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:198-211. [PMID: 26944334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reserpine (RES) has been reported to increase the brain's neural oxidative stress and cause cognitive dysfunction. Having powerful antioxidative properties, green tea catechins, especially (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are able to protect against many oxidative injuries. In this study, we examined the protecting properties of EGCG on RES-induced impairment of short-term memory in three-month-old male Wistar rats. RES (1mg/kg i.p.) induced memory impairment (p<0.001) as evaluated by the social recognition task. EGCG treatment (100mg/kg i.p. for 7days, starting 6days before RES injection) was able to improve the impaired memory caused by RES. RES treatment increased the nitric oxide (NO) level and lipid peroxidation (LPO) production, and decreased the antioxidation power in hippocampi. EGCG treatment was able to counteract the RES-induced NO level and LPO production, as well as enhanced the hippocampal antioxidation power in RES-treated rats. In order to examine the implication of NO pathway activity in RES treatment, either NO precursor (L-arginine; L-A) or NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME; L-N) was co-pretreated with EGCG; NO precursor treatment eliminated the protective effect of EGCG, in contrast to that NO synthase inhibitor treatment significantly increased the EGCG effects on cognitive and biochemical protection in RES-treated rats. These results suggested that the NO pathway was implicated, at least in part, in the RES-induced impairment, as well as in the protective effect of EGCG in treating RES-induced impairment of memory. The above evidence provides a clinically relevant value for EGCG in preventing RES-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Neng Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taitung br. of Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung 95054, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Chi Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rui-Feng Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, En Chu Kon Hospital, Sanshia District, New Taipei City 23702, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Optometry, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ruoh-Lan Shih
- Department of Anesthesia, En Chu Kon Hospital, Sanshia District, New Taipei City 23702, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Chien Tseng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Sheng Soung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuan-Shan br. of Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Yilan County 26604, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chia Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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