1
|
Bagnato C, Nadal MS, Tobia D, Raineri M, Vasquez Mansilla M, Winkler EL, Zysler RD, Lima E. Reactive Oxygen Species in Emulated Martian Conditions and Their Effect on the Viability of the Unicellular Alga Scenedesmus dimorphus. ASTROBIOLOGY 2021; 21:692-705. [PMID: 33819428 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Formation of oxygen-based free radicals from photochemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on Mars may be a key factor in the potential survival of terrestrial-like organisms on the red planet. Martian conditions that generate reactive oxygen species involve the decomposition of H2O2 at temperatures of around 278 K under relatively high doses of C-band ultraviolet radiation (UVC). This process is further amplified by the presence of iron oxides and perchlorates. Photosynthetic organisms exhibit a number of evolutionary traits that allow them to withstand both oxidative stress and UVC radiation. Here, we examine the effect of free radicals produced by the decomposition of H2O2 under emulated martian conditions on the viability of Scenedesmus dimorphus, a unicellular alga that is resistant to UVC radiation and varying levels of perchlorate and H2O2, both of which are present on Mars. Identification and quantification of free radicals formed under these conditions were performed with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy. These results were correlated with the viability of S. dimorphus, and the formation of oxygen-based free radicals and survival of the alga were found to be strongly dependent on the amount of H2O2 available. For H2O2 amounts close to those present in the rarefied martian environment, the products of these catalytic reactions did not have a significant effect on the algal population growth curve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bagnato
- Instituto de Energía y Desarrollo Sustentable (IEDS), CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marcela S Nadal
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física Médica, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Dina Tobia
- Laboratorio de Resonancias Magnéticas, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Mariana Raineri
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física Médica, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Vasquez Mansilla
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Resonancias Magnéticas, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Elin L Winkler
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Resonancias Magnéticas, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto Balseiro, CNEA-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Roberto D Zysler
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física Médica, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Resonancias Magnéticas, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto Balseiro, CNEA-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Enio Lima
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN), CNEA-CONICET, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Resonancias Magnéticas, Gerencia de Física, CNEA, Centro Atómico Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salbitani G, Del Prete S, Bolinesi F, Mangoni O, De Luca V, Carginale V, Donald WA, Supuran CT, Carfagna S, Capasso C. Use of an immobilised thermostable α-CA (SspCA) for enhancing the metabolic efficiency of the freshwater green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:913-920. [PMID: 32223467 PMCID: PMC7170359 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1746785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in increasing the microalgal efficiency for producing high-quality products that are commonly used as food additives in nutraceuticals. Some natural substances that can be extracted from algae include lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, carotenoids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins. Generally, microalgal photoautotrophic growth can be maximised by optimising CO2 biofixation, and by adding sodium bicarbonate and specific bacteria to the microalgal culture. Recently, to enhance CO2 biofixation, a thermostable carbonic anhydrase (SspCA) encoded by the genome of the bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense has been heterologously expressed and immobilised on the surfaces of bacteria. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes, which catalyse the physiologically reversible reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons: CO2 + H2O ⇄ HCO3− + H+. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that the fragments of bacterial membranes containing immobilised SspCA (M-SspCA) on their surfaces can be doped into the microalgal culture of the green unicellular alga, Chlorella sorokiniana, to significantly enhance the biomass, photosynthetic activity, carotenoids production, and CA activity by this alga. These results are of biotechnological interest because C. sorokiniana is widely used in many different areas, including photosynthesis research, human pharmaceutical production, aquaculture-based food production, and wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Olga Mangoni
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Department of NEUROFARB, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simona Carfagna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salesse-Smith CE, Sharwood RE, Busch FA, Kromdijk J, Bardal V, Stern DB. Overexpression of Rubisco subunits with RAF1 increases Rubisco content in maize. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:802-810. [PMID: 30287949 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco catalyses a rate-limiting step in photosynthesis and has long been a target for improvement due to its slow turnover rate. An alternative to modifying catalytic properties of Rubisco is to increase its abundance within C4 plant chloroplasts, which might increase activity and confer a higher carbon assimilation rate. Here, we overexpress the Rubisco large (LS) and small (SS) subunits with the Rubisco assembly chaperone RUBISCO ASSEMBLY FACTOR 1 (RAF1). While overexpression of LS and/or SS had no discernable impact on Rubisco content, addition of RAF1 overexpression resulted in a >30% increase in Rubisco content. Gas exchange showed a 15% increase in CO2 assimilation (ASAT) in UBI-LSSS-RAF1 transgenic plants, which correlated with increased fresh weight and in vitro Vcmax calculations. The divergence of Rubisco content and assimilation could be accounted for by the Rubisco activation state, which decreased up to 23%, suggesting that Rubisco activase may be limiting Vcmax, and impinging on the realization of photosynthetic potential from increased Rubisco content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|