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Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Savage JA, Chuine I. Coordination of spring vascular and organ phenology in deciduous angiosperms growing in seasonally cold climates. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1700-1715. [PMID: 33608961 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In seasonally cold climates, many woody plants tolerate chilling and freezing temperatures by ceasing growth, shedding leaves and entering dormancy. At the same time, transport within these plants often decreases as the vascular system exhibits reduced functionality. As spring growth requires water and nutrients, we ask the question: how much does bud, leaf and flower development depend on the vasculature in spring? In this review, we present what is known about leaf, flower and vascular phenology to sort out this question. In early stages of bud development, buds rely on internal resources and do not appear to require vascular support. The situation changes during organ expansion, after leaves and flowers reconnect to the stem vascular system. However, there are major gaps in our understanding of the timing of vascular development, especially regarding the phloem, as well as the synchronization among leaves, flowers, stem and root vasculature. We believe these gaps are mainly the outcome of research completed in silo and urge future work to take a more integrative approach. We highlight current challenges and propose future directions to make rapid progress on this important topic in upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Savage
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55811, USA
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, FR-34293, Cedex 5, France
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Liang Y, Jiang C, Liu Y, Gao Y, Lu J, Aiwaili P, Fei Z, Jiang CZ, Hong B, Ma C, Gao J. Auxin Regulates Sucrose Transport to Repress Petal Abscission in Rose ( Rosa hybrida). THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3485-3499. [PMID: 32843436 PMCID: PMC7610287 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Developmental transitions in plants require adequate carbon resources, and organ abscission often occurs due to competition for carbohydrates/assimilates. Physiological studies have indicated that organ abscission may be activated by Suc deprivation; however, an underlying regulatory mechanism that links Suc transport to organ shedding has yet to be identified. Here, we report that transport of Suc and the phytohormone auxin to petals through the phloem of the abscission zone (AZ) decreases during petal abscission in rose (Rosa hybrida), and that auxin regulates Suc transport into the petals. Expression of the Suc transporter RhSUC2 decreased in the AZ during rose petal abscission. Similarly, silencing of RhSUC2 reduced the Suc content in the petals and promotes petal abscission. We established that the auxin signaling protein RhARF7 binds to the promoter of RhSUC2, and that silencing of RhARF7 reduces petal Suc contents and promotes petal abscission. Overexpression of RhSUC2 in the petal AZ restored accelerated petal abscission caused by RhARF7 silencing. Moreover, treatment of rose petals with auxin and Suc delayed ethylene-induced abscission, whereas silencing of RhARF7 and RhSUC2 accelerated ethylene-induced petal abscission. Our results demonstrate that auxin modulates Suc transport during petal abscission, and that this process is regulated by a RhARF7-RhSUC2 module in the AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuerong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Palinuer Aiwaili
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Pommerrenig B, Müdsam C, Kischka D, Neuhaus HE. Treat and trick: common regulation and manipulation of sugar transporters during sink establishment by the plant and the pathogen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3930-3940. [PMID: 32242225 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transport proteins are crucial for the coordinated allocation of sugars. In this Expert View we summarize recent key findings of the roles and regulation of sugar transporters in inter- and intracellular transport by focusing on applied approaches, demonstrating how sucrose transporter activity may alter source and sink dynamics and their identities. The plant itself alters its sugar transport activity in a developmentally dependent manner to either establish or load endogenous sinks, for example, during tuber formation and filling. Pathogens represent aberrant sinks that trigger the plant to induce the same processes, resulting in loss of carbon assimilates. We explore common mechanisms of intrinsic, developmentally dependent processes and aberrant, pathogen-induced manipulation of sugar transport. Transporter activity may also be targeted by breeding or genetic modification approaches in crop plants to alter source and sink metabolism upon the overexpression or heterologous expression of these proteins. In addition, we highlight recent progress in the use of sugar analogs to study these processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Müdsam
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Lan XY, Yan YY, Yang B, Li XY, Xu FL. Subcellular distribution of cadmium in a novel potential aquatic hyperaccumulator - Microsorum pteropus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:1020-1027. [PMID: 31091634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microsorum pteropus is a novel potential Cd (cadmium) aquatic hyperaccumulator. In the present study, hydroponic experiments were conducted to assess the accumulation and subcellular distribution of Cd in the root, stem and leaf of M. pteropus. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) - EDX (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) were used to observe the ultrastructure of different tissues under 500 μM Cd exposure. After exposure to 500 μM Cd for 7 days, the root, stem and leaf of M. pteropus can accumulate to be > 400 mg/kg Cd in dry mass with no significant influence on the growth. In the root and leaf of M. pteropus, the Cd was more likely to store in the cell wall fraction. However, Cd in the stem was mainly stored in both the cell wall fraction and the cytoplasm fraction. Under SEM observation and EDX detection, 1) Cd was found to be sequestrated in the epidermis or chelated in the root cells, 2) no significant deposit spots were observed in the stem, 3) Cd was found in the trichome of the leaf, and the sporangium was not damaged. TEM observations revealed 1) possible Cd precipitations in the root cell and 2) no significant ultrastructure variation in the stem, and 3) the chloroplast retained its structure and was not affected by the Cd. M. pteropus showed great capacity for Cd accumulation without influencing growth. In addition, the ultrastructure of all the tissues was not damaged by the Cd. M. pteropus showed a great potential in phytoremediation in heavy metal polluted water solutions, and may provide new directions for the study of resistance mechanisms of aquatic hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Lan
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yun-Yun Yan
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Yang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Li
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fu-Liu Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Cayla T, Le Hir R, Dinant S. Live-Cell Imaging of Fluorescently Tagged Phloem Proteins with Confocal Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2014:95-108. [PMID: 31197789 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9562-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy can enable observation of phloem cells in living tissues. Here we describe live imaging of phloem cells in the leaves and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana using fluorescently tagged proteins, either expressed in the vasculature using phloem specific promoters or constitutively expressed reference marker lines. Now, the majority of phloem cell types can be identified, allowing a precise cellular and subcellular localization of phloem proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Cayla
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- UMR 1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA-AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Cedex, France.
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Holbrook NM, Knoblauch M. Editorial overview: Physiology and metabolism: Phloem: a supracellular highway for the transport of sugars, signals, and pathogens. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 43:iii-vii. [PMID: 29853282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
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