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Cui Y, Qian H, Yin J, Xu C, Luo P, Zhang X, Yu M, Su B, Li X, Lin J. Single-molecule analysis reveals the phosphorylation of FLS2 governs its spatiotemporal dynamics and immunity. eLife 2024; 12:RP91072. [PMID: 39046447 PMCID: PMC11268883 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2), a typical receptor kinase, recognizes the conserved 22 amino acid sequence in the N-terminal region of flagellin (flg22) to initiate plant defense pathways, which was intensively studied in the past decades. However, the dynamic regulation of FLS2 phosphorylation at the plasma membrane after flg22 recognition needs further elucidation. Through single-particle tracking, we demonstrated that upon flg22 treatment the phosphorylation of Ser-938 in FLS2 impacts its spatiotemporal dynamics and lifetime. Following Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and protein proximity indexes assays revealed that flg22 treatment increased the co-localization of GFP-tagged FLS2/FLS2S938D but not FLS2S938A with AtRem1.3-mCherry, a sterol-rich lipid marker, indicating that the phosphorylation of FLS2S938 affects FLS2 sorting efficiency to AtRem1.3-associated nanodomains. Importantly, we found that the phosphorylation of Ser-938 enhanced flg22-induced FLS2 internalization and immune responses, demonstrating that the phosphorylation may activate flg22-triggered immunity through partitioning FLS2 into functional AtRem1.3-associated nanodomains, which fills the gap between the FLS2S938 phosphorylation and FLS2-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongping Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinhuan Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changwen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Pengyun Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingChina
| | - Bodan Su
- Biotechnology Research InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Jibril SM, Wang C, Yang C, Qu H, Yang X, Yang K, Li C, Wang Y. Multiple Chitin- or Avirulent Strain-Triggered Immunity Induces Microbiome Reassembly in Rice. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1323. [PMID: 39065092 PMCID: PMC11279204 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most important fungal pathogens of rice. Chitin and avirulent strains can induce two layers of immunity response, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), in rice with cognate R genes. However, little is known about the assembly of the rice microbiome induced by PTI and ETI in rice. In this study, we investigate the impact of continuous treatment of the avirulent M. oryzae strain with AvrPi9 and chitin on the bacterial endophytic community of rice varieties harboring resistant gene Pi9 and their antagonistic activity against rice blast fungus. Analysis of the 16S rRNA showed a significant increase in the diversity and microbial co-occurrence network complexity and the number of beneficial taxa-Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, and Stenotrophomonas spp.-following the chitin and avirulent strain treatments. The antifungal assay with bacterial endophytes recovered from the leaves showed few bacteria with antagonistic potential in rice treated with avirulent strains, suggesting that the sequential treatment of the avirulent strain decreased the antagonistic bacteria against M. oryzae. Moreover, we identified Bacillus safensis Ch_66 and Bacillus altitudinis Nc_68 with overall antagonistic activities in vivo and in vitro. Our findings provide a novel insight into rice microbiome assembly in response to different innate immunity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauban Musa Jibril
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hao Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xinyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (C.Y.); (H.Q.)
- Yunnan-CABI Joint Laboratory for Integrated Prevention and Control of Transboundary Pests, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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3
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Nakano RT, Shimasaki T. Long-Term Consequences of PTI Activation and Its Manipulation by Root-Associated Microbiota. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:681-693. [PMID: 38549511 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In nature, plants are constantly colonized by a massive diversity of microbes engaged in mutualistic, pathogenic or commensal relationships with the host. Molecular patterns present in these microbes activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which detects microbes in the apoplast or at the tissue surface. Whether and how PTI distinguishes among soil-borne pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, and commensal microbes within the soil microbiota remains unclear. PTI is a multimodal series of molecular events initiated by pattern perception, such as Ca2+ influx, reactive oxygen burst, and extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. These short-term responses may manifest within minutes to hours, while the long-term consequences of chronic PTI activation persist for days to weeks. Chronic activation of PTI is detrimental to plant growth, so plants need to coordinate growth and defense depending on the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments. Recent studies have demonstrated that root-associated commensal microbes can activate or suppress immune responses to variable extents, clearly pointing to the role of PTI in root-microbiota interactions. However, the molecular mechanisms by which root commensals interfere with root immunity and root immunity modulates microbial behavior remain largely elusive. Here, with a focus on the difference between short-term and long-term PTI responses, we summarize what is known about microbial interference with host PTI, especially in the context of root microbiota. We emphasize some missing pieces that remain to be characterized to promote the ultimate understanding of the role of plant immunity in root-microbiota interactions.
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Berrabah F, Benaceur F, Yin C, Xin D, Magne K, Garmier M, Gruber V, Ratet P. Defense and senescence interplay in legume nodules. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100888. [PMID: 38532645 PMCID: PMC11009364 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Immunity and senescence play a crucial role in the functioning of the legume symbiotic nodules. The miss-regulation of one of these processes compromises the symbiosis leading to death of the endosymbiont and the arrest of the nodule functioning. The relationship between immunity and senescence has been extensively studied in plant organs where a synergistic response can be observed. However, the interplay between immunity and senescence in the symbiotic organ is poorly discussed in the literature and these phenomena are often mixed up. Recent studies revealed that the cooperation between immunity and senescence is not always observed in the nodule, suggesting complex interactions between these two processes within the symbiotic organ. Here, we discuss recent results on the interplay between immunity and senescence in the nodule and the specificities of this relationship during legume-rhizobium symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Berrabah
- Faculty of Sciences, University Amar Telidji, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria; Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Farouk Benaceur
- Faculty of Sciences, University Amar Telidji, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria; Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Chaoyan Yin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dawei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Garmier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Gruber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zhang Y, Nair S, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhao H, Lu L, Chang L, Jiao N. Adverse Environmental Perturbations May Threaten Kelp Farming Sustainability by Exacerbating Enterobacterales Diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5796-5810. [PMID: 38507562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Globally kelp farming is gaining attention to mitigate land-use pressures and achieve carbon neutrality. However, the influence of environmental perturbations on kelp farming remains largely unknown. Recently, a severe disease outbreak caused extensive kelp mortality in Sanggou Bay, China, one of the world's largest high-density kelp farming areas. Here, through in situ investigations and simulation experiments, we find indications that an anomalously dramatic increase in elevated coastal seawater light penetration may have contributed to dysbiosis in the kelp Saccharina japonica's microbiome. This dysbiosis promoted the proliferation of opportunistic pathogenic Enterobacterales, mainly including the genera Colwellia and Pseudoalteromonas. Using transcriptomic analyses, we revealed that high-light conditions likely induced oxidative stress in kelp, potentially facilitating opportunistic bacterial Enterobacterales attack that activates a terrestrial plant-like pattern recognition receptor system in kelp. Furthermore, we uncover crucial genotypic determinants of Enterobacterales dominance and pathogenicity within kelp tissue, including pathogen-associated molecular patterns, potential membrane-damaging toxins, and alginate and mannitol lysis capability. Finally, through analysis of kelp-associated microbiome data sets under the influence of ocean warming and acidification, we conclude that such Enterobacterales favoring microbiome shifts are likely to become more prevalent in future environmental conditions. Our study highlights the need for understanding complex environmental influences on kelp health and associated microbiomes for the sustainable development of seaweed farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Shailesh Nair
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Zenghu Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Hanshuang Zhao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longfei Lu
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, China
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6
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Hou S, Rodrigues O, Liu Z, Shan L, He P. Small holes, big impact: Stomata in plant-pathogen-climate epic trifecta. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:26-49. [PMID: 38041402 PMCID: PMC10872522 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of stomatal aperture opening and closure represents an evolutionary battle between plants and pathogens, characterized by adaptive strategies that influence both plant resistance and pathogen virulence. The ongoing climate change introduces further complexity, affecting pathogen invasion and host immunity. This review delves into recent advances on our understanding of the mechanisms governing immunity-related stomatal movement and patterning with an emphasis on the regulation of stomatal opening and closure dynamics by pathogen patterns and host phytocytokines. In addition, the review explores how climate changes impact plant-pathogen interactions by modulating stomatal behavior. In light of the pressing challenges associated with food security and the unpredictable nature of climate changes, future research in this field, which includes the investigation of spatiotemporal regulation and engineering of stomatal immunity, emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing crop resilience and contributing to climate control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agriculture Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China.
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INP-PURPAN, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Erokhin D, Popletaeva S, Sinelnikov I, Rozhkova A, Shcherbakova L, Dzhavakhiya V. Some Structural Elements of Bacterial Protein MF3 That Influence Its Ability to Induce Plant Resistance to Fungi, Viruses, and Other Plant Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16374. [PMID: 38003563 PMCID: PMC10671687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the MF3 protein from Pseudomonas fluorescens to protect plants by inducing their resistance to pathogenic fungi, bacteria, and viruses is well confirmed both in greenhouses and in the field; however, the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains unexplored. To find a relationship between the primary (and spatial) structure of the protein and its target activity, we analyzed the inducing activity of a set of mutants generated by alanine scanning and an alpha-helix deletion (ahD) in the part of the MF3 molecule previously identified by our group as a 29-amino-acid peptide working as the inducer on its own. Testing the mutants' inducing activity using the "tobacco-tobacco mosaic virus" pathosystem revealed that some of them showed an almost threefold (V60A and V62A) or twofold (G51A, L58A, ahD) reduction in inducing activity compared to the wild-type MF3 type. Interestingly, these mutations demonstrated close proximity in the homology model, probably contributing to MF3 reception in a host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Erokhin
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Sophya Popletaeva
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Igor Sinelnikov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexandra Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vitaly Dzhavakhiya
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia; (D.E.); (S.P.); (V.D.)
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8
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Russ D, Fitzpatrick CR, Teixeira PJPL, Dangl JL. Deep discovery informs difficult deployment in plant microbiome science. Cell 2023; 186:4496-4513. [PMID: 37832524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-associated microbiota can extend plant immune system function, improve nutrient acquisition and availability, and alleviate abiotic stresses. Thus, naturally beneficial microbial therapeutics are enticing tools to improve plant productivity. The basic definition of plant microbiota across species and ecosystems, combined with the development of reductionist experimental models and the manipulation of plant phenotypes with microbes, has fueled interest in its translation to agriculture. However, the great majority of microbes exhibiting plant-productivity traits in the lab and greenhouse fail in the field. Therapeutic microbes must reach détente, the establishment of uneasy homeostasis, with the plant immune system, invade heterogeneous pre-established plant-associated communities, and persist in a new and potentially remodeled community. Environmental conditions can alter community structure and thus impact the engraftment of therapeutic microbes. We survey recent breakthroughs, challenges, and opportunities in translating beneficial microbes from the lab to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Russ
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Connor R Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paulo J P L Teixeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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9
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Zárate-López MA, Quintana-Rodríguez E, Orona-Tamayo D, Aguilar-Hernández V, Araujo-León JA, Brito-Argáez L, Molina-Torres J, Hernández-Flores JL, Loyola-Vargas VM, Lozoya-Pérez NE, Lozoya-Gloria E. Metabolic Responses of the Microalga Neochloris oleoabundans to Extracellular Self- and Nonself-DNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14172. [PMID: 37762475 PMCID: PMC10531809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressed organisms identify intracellular molecules released from damaged cells due to trauma or pathogen infection as components of the innate immune response. These molecules called DAMPs (Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) are extracellular ATP, sugars, and extracellular DNA, among others. Animals and plants can recognize their own DNA applied externally (self-exDNA) as a DAMP with a high degree of specificity. However, little is known about the microalgae responses to damage when exposed to DAMPs and specifically to self-exDNAs. Here we compared the response of the oilseed microalgae Neochloris oleoabundans to self-exDNA, with the stress responses elicited by nonself-exDNA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). We analyzed the peroxidase enzyme activity related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the production of polyphenols, lipids, triacylglycerols, and phytohormones. After 5 min of addition, self-exDNA induced peroxidase enzyme activity higher than the other elicitors. Polyphenols and lipids were increased by self-exDNA at 48 and 24 h, respectively. Triacylglycerols were increased with all elicitors from addition and up to 48 h, except with nonself-exDNA. Regarding phytohormones, self-exDNA and MeJA increased gibberellic acid, isopentenyladenine, and benzylaminopurine at 24 h. Results show that Neochloris oleoabundans have self-exDNA specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica A. Zárate-López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Elizabeth Quintana-Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Domancar Orona-Tamayo
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Víctor Aguilar-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Jesús A. Araujo-León
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Ligia Brito-Argáez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
| | - José Luis Hernández-Flores
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
| | - Víctor M. Loyola-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 43 # 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; (V.A.-H.); (J.A.A.-L.); (L.B.-A.); (V.M.L.-V.)
| | - Nancy E. Lozoya-Pérez
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas (CIATEC), Omega # 201 Col. Industrial Delta, León 37545, Guanajuato, Mexico; (D.O.-T.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico; (M.A.Z.-L.); (J.M.-T.); (J.L.H.-F.)
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10
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Nikolić I, Glatter T, Ranković T, Berić T, Stanković S, Diepold A. Repertoire and abundance of secreted virulence factors shape the pathogenic capacity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1205257. [PMID: 37383635 PMCID: PMC10294431 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1205257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. aptata is a member of the sugar beet pathobiome and the causative agent of leaf spot disease. Like many pathogenic bacteria, P. syringae relies on the secretion of toxins, which manipulate host-pathogen interactions, to establish and maintain an infection. This study analyzes the secretome of six pathogenic P. syringae pv. aptata strains with different defined virulence capacities in order to identify common and strain-specific features, and correlate the secretome with disease outcome. All strains show a high type III secretion system (T3SS) and type VI secretion system (T6SS) activity under apoplast-like conditions mimicking the infection. Surprisingly, we found that low pathogenic strains show a higher secretion of most T3SS substrates, whereas a distinct subgroup of four effectors was exclusively secreted in medium and high pathogenic strains. Similarly, we detected two T6SS secretion patterns: while one set of proteins was highly secreted in all strains, another subset consisting of known T6SS substrates and previously uncharacterized proteins was exclusively secreted in medium and high virulence strains. Taken together, our data show that P. syringae pathogenicity is correlated with the repertoire and fine-tuning of effector secretion and indicate distinct strategies for establishing virulence of P. syringae pv. aptata in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nikolić
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Timo Glatter
- Core Facility for Mass spectrometry and Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Ranković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Berić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andreas Diepold
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Beihammer G, Romero-Pérez A, Maresch D, Figl R, Mócsai R, Grünwald-Gruber C, Altmann F, Van Damme EJM, Strasser R. Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 infection increases glucosylated N-glycans in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:97-108. [PMID: 36269466 PMCID: PMC9925501 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Studying the interaction between the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Arabidopsis thaliana has shed light onto the various forms of mechanisms plants use to defend themselves against pathogen attack. While a lot of emphasis has been put on investigating changes in protein expression in infected plants, only little information is available on the effect infection plays on the plants N-glycan composition. To close this gap in knowledge, total N-glycans were enriched from P. syringae DC3000-infected and mock treated Arabidopsis seedlings and analyzed via MALDI-TOF-MS. Additionally, fluorescently labelled N-glycans were quantified via HPLC-FLD. N-glycans from infected plants were overall less processed and displayed increased amounts of oligomannosidic N-glycans. As multiple peaks for certain oligomannosidic glycoforms were detected upon separation via liquid chromatography, a porous graphitic carbon (PGC)-analysis was conducted to separate individual N-glycan isomers. Indeed, multiple different N-glycan isomers with masses of two N-acetylhexosamine residues plus 8, 9 or 10 hexoses were detected in the infected plants which were absent in the mock controls. Treatment with jack bean α-mannosidase resulted in incomplete removal of hexoses from these N-glycans, indicating the presence of glucose residues. This hints at the accumulation of misfolded glycoproteins in the infected plants, likely because of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, poly-hexose structures susceptible to α-amylase treatment were found in the DC3000-infected plants, indicating alterations in starch metabolism due to the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Beihammer
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Romero-Pérez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Figl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Réka Mócsai
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Strasser
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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