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Xi H, Xu W, He F, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xie J. Spatial metabolome of biosynthesis and metabolism in Cyclocarya paliurus leaves. Food Chem 2024; 443:138519. [PMID: 38301549 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A large number of plant metabolites were discovered, but their biosynthetic and metabolic pathways are still largely unknown. However, the spatial distribution of metabolites and their changes in metabolic pathways can be supplemented by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) techniques. For this purpose, the combination of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-MSI and non-targeted metabolomics was used to obtain the spatial distribution information of metabolites in the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja (C. paliurus). The sample pretreatment method was optimized to have higher detection sensitivity in DESI. The changes of metabolites in C. paliurus were analyzed in depth with the integration of the spatial distribution information of metabolites. The main pathways for biosynthesis of flavonoid precursor and the effect of changes in compound structure on the spatial distribution were found. Spatial metabolomics can provide more metabolite information and a platform for the in-depth understanding of the biosynthesis and metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Weixiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Fengxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Marín-Peña AJ, Vega-Mas I, Busturia I, de la Osa C, González-Moro MB, Monreal JA, Marino D. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity is essential for Sorghum bicolor tolerance to ammonium nutrition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108312. [PMID: 38154297 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) is an enzyme family with pivotal roles in plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism. A main role for non-photosynthetic PEPC is as anaplerotic enzyme to load tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with carbon skeletons that compensate the intermediates diverted for biomolecule synthesis such as amino acids. When plants are grown under ammonium (NH4+) nutrition, the excessive uptake of NH4+ often provokes a stress situation. When plants face NH4+ stress, N assimilation is greatly induced and thus, requires the supply of carbon skeletons coming from TCA cycle. In this work, we addressed the importance of root PEPC and TCA cycle for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), a C4 cereal crop, grown under ammonium nutrition. To do so, we used RNAi sorghum lines that display a decrease expression of SbPPC3 (Ppc3 lines), the main root PEPC isoform, and reduced root PEPC activity. SbPPC3 silencing provoked ammonium hypersensitivity, meaning lower biomass accumulation in Ppc3 respect to WT plants when growing under ammonium nutrition. The silenced plants presented a deregulation of primary metabolism as highlighted by the accumulation of NH4+ in the root and the alteration of normal TCA functioning, which was evidenced by the accumulation of organic acids in the root under ammonium nutrition. Altogether, our work evidences the importance of non-photosynthetic PEPC, and root TCA cycle, in sorghum to deal with high external NH4+ availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marín-Peña
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Busturia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - C de la Osa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M B González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - J A Monreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - D Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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O'Lone CE, Juhász A, Nye-Wood M, Dunn H, Moody D, Ral JP, Colgrave ML. Proteomic exploration reveals a metabolic rerouting due to low oxygen during controlled germination of malting barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1305381. [PMID: 38186599 PMCID: PMC10771735 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1305381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is used in malt production for brewing applications. Barley malting involves a process of controlled germination that modifies the grain by activating enzymes to solubilize starch and proteins for brewing. Initially, the grain is submerged in water to raise grain moisture, requiring large volumes of water. Achieving grain modification at reduced moisture levels can contribute to the sustainability of malting practices. This study combined proteomics, bioinformatics, and biochemical phenotypic analysis of two malting barley genotypes with observed differences in water uptake and modification efficiency. We sought to reveal the molecular mechanisms at play during controlled germination and explore the roles of protein groups at 24 h intervals across the first 72 h. Overall, 3,485 protein groups were identified with 793 significant differentially abundant (DAP) within and between genotypes, involved in various biological processes, including protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and hydrolysis. Functional integration into metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, pyruvate, starch and sucrose metabolism, revealed a metabolic rerouting due to low oxygen enforced by submergence during controlled germination. This SWATH-MS study provides a comprehensive proteome reference, delivering new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the impacts of low oxygen during controlled germination. It is concluded that continued efficient modification of malting barley subjected to submergence is largely due to the capacity to reroute energy to maintain vital processes, particularly protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E. O'Lone
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, ACT, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Angéla Juhász
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mitchell Nye-Wood
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Hugh Dunn
- Pilot Malting Australia, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - David Moody
- Barley Breeding, InterGrain Pty Ltd, Bibra Lake, WA, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Ral
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, ACT, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Edith Cowan University, School of Science, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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