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Nony P, Kassai B, Cornu C. A methodological framework for drug development in rare diseases. The CRESim program: Epilogue and perspectives. Therapie 2020; 75:149-156. [PMID: 32156422 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the 'European Child-Rare-Euro-Simulation' (CRESim) project, this article proposes a generalizable strategy utilizing datasets analysis in combination with modeling and simulation, in order to optimize the clinical drug development applied in the field of rare diseases. The global process includes: (i) the simulation of a realistic virtual population of patients (modeled from a real dataset of patients), (ii) the modeling of disease pathophysiological components and of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relations of the drug(s) of interest, (iii) the modeling of several randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) designs and (iv) the analysis of the results (multi-dimensional approach for RCTs durations and precision of the estimation of the treatment effect). However, whereas modeling and numerical simulation may provide supplementary tools for drug development, they cannot be considered as a substitute for RCTs performed in 'real' patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Nony
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de pharmacotoxicologie (SHUPT), hospices civils de Lyon, 69424 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69376 Lyon, France.
| | - Behrouz Kassai
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de pharmacotoxicologie (SHUPT), hospices civils de Lyon, 69424 Lyon, France; Laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69376 Lyon, France; EPICIME-CIC 1407 de Lyon, hospices civils de Lyon, Inserm, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Catherine Cornu
- Laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive (LBBE), UMR 5558 CNRS, University Lyon 1, 69376 Lyon, France; EPICIME-CIC 1407 de Lyon, hospices civils de Lyon, Inserm, 69677 Bron, France
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DeGracia DJ, Taha D, Anggraini FT, Huang ZF. Nonautonomous dynamics of acute cell injury. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:052407. [PMID: 31870014 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.052407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medical conditions due to acute cell injury, such as stroke and heart attack, are of tremendous impact and have attracted huge amounts of research effort. The biomedical research that seeks cures for these conditions has been dominated by a qualitative, inductive mind-set. Although the inductive approach has not been effective in developing medical treatments, it has amassed enough information to allow construction of quantitative, deductive models of acute cell injury. In this work we develop a modeling approach by extending an autonomous nonlinear dynamic theory of acute cell injury that offered new ways to conceptualize cell injury but possessed limitations that decrease its effectiveness. Here we study the global dynamics of the cell injury theory using a nonautonomous formulation. Different from the standard scenario in nonlinear dynamics that is determined by the steady state and fixed points of the model equations, in this nonautonomous model with a trivial fixed point, the system property is dominated by the transient states and the corresponding dynamic processes. The model gives rise to four qualitative types of dynamical patterns that can be mapped to the behavior of cells after clinical acute injuries. The nonautonomous theory predicts the existence of a latent stress response capacity (LSRC) possessed by injured cells. The LSRC provides a theoretical explanation of how therapies, such as hypothermia, can prevent cell death after lethal injuries. The nonautonomous theory of acute cell injury provides an improved quantitative framework for understanding cell death and recovery and lays a foundation for developing effective therapeutics for acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J DeGracia
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Doaa Taha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Fika Tri Anggraini
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Zhi-Feng Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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Bajard A, Chabaud S, Cornu C, Castellan AC, Malik S, Kurbatova P, Volpert V, Eymard N, Kassai B, Nony P. An in silico approach helped to identify the best experimental design, population, and outcome for future randomized clinical trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2015; 69:125-36. [PMID: 26186899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of our work was to compare different randomized clinical trial (RCT) experimental designs in terms of power, accuracy of the estimation of treatment effect, and number of patients receiving active treatment using in silico simulations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A virtual population of patients was simulated and randomized in potential clinical trials. Treatment effect was modeled using a dose-effect relation for quantitative or qualitative outcomes. Different experimental designs were considered, and performances between designs were compared. One thousand clinical trials were simulated for each design based on an example of modeled disease. RESULTS According to simulation results, the number of patients needed to reach 80% power was 50 for crossover, 60 for parallel or randomized withdrawal, 65 for drop the loser (DL), and 70 for early escape or play the winner (PW). For a given sample size, each design had its own advantage: low duration (parallel, early escape), high statistical power and precision (crossover), and higher number of patients receiving the active treatment (PW and DL). CONCLUSION Our approach can help to identify the best experimental design, population, and outcome for future RCTs. This may be particularly useful for drug development in rare diseases, theragnostic approaches, or personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Bajard
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Léon Bérard, Unité de Biostatistique et d'Evaluation des Thérapeutiques, 28, rue Laënnec, Lyon 69373, France
| | - Sylvie Chabaud
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Léon Bérard, Unité de Biostatistique et d'Evaluation des Thérapeutiques, 28, rue Laënnec, Lyon 69373, France.
| | - Catherine Cornu
- CHU Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, UMR 5558 CNRS, Lyon, France; Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques, INSERM CIC1407, Bron, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Castellan
- Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques, INSERM CIC1407, Bron, France
| | - Salma Malik
- CHU Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, UMR 5558 CNRS, Lyon, France; Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques, INSERM CIC1407, Bron, France
| | - Polina Kurbatova
- Université Lyon 1, UMR 5558 CNRS, Lyon, France; Institut Camille Jordan UMR 5208, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Vitaly Volpert
- Institut Camille Jordan UMR 5208, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Nathalie Eymard
- Institut Camille Jordan UMR 5208, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France
| | - Behrouz Kassai
- CHU Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, UMR 5558 CNRS, Lyon, France; Hôpital Louis Pradel, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Essais Thérapeutiques, INSERM CIC1407, Bron, France
| | - Patrice Nony
- CHU Lyon, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, UMR 5558 CNRS, Lyon, France
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Boissel JP, Auffray C, Noble D, Hood L, Boissel FH. Bridging Systems Medicine and Patient Needs. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26225243 PMCID: PMC4394618 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While there is widespread consensus on the need both to change the prevailing research and development (R&D) paradigm and provide the community with an efficient way to personalize medicine, ecosystem stakeholders grapple with divergent conceptions about which quantitative approach should be preferred. The primary purpose of this position paper is to contrast these approaches. The second objective is to introduce a framework to bridge simulation outputs and patient outcomes, thus empowering the implementation of systems medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology & Medicine, CNRS-UCBL-ENS, Université de Lyon France
| | - D Noble
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - L Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology Seattle, Washington, USA
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Nony P, Kurbatova P, Bajard A, Malik S, Castellan C, Chabaud S, Volpert V, Eymard N, Kassai B, Cornu C. A methodological framework for drug development in rare diseases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:164. [PMID: 25774598 PMCID: PMC4255937 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developing orphan drugs is challenging because of their severity and the requisite for effective drugs. The small number of patients does not allow conducting adequately powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There is a need to develop high quality, ethically investigated, and appropriately authorized medicines, without subjecting patients to unnecessary trials. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The main aim is to develop generalizable framework for choosing the best-performing drug/endpoint/design combinations in orphan drug development using an in silico modeling and trial simulation approach. The two main objectives were (i) to provide a global strategy for each disease to identify the most relevant drugs to be evaluated in specific patients during phase III RCTs, (ii) and select the best design for each drug to be used in future RCTs. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH In silico phase III RCT simulation will be used to find the optimal trial design and was carried out in two steps: (i) statistical analysis of available clinical databases and (ii) integrative modeling that combines mathematical models for diseases with pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics models for the selected drug candidates. CONCLUSION There is a need to speed up the process of orphan drug development, develop new methods for translational research and personalized medicine, and contribute to European Medicines Agency guidelines. The approach presented here offers many perspectives in clinical trial conception.
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