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Tao WB, Xiong J, Yuan BF. Site-specific quantification of Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA editing by Endonuclease-Mediated qPCR. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117837. [PMID: 39013280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
RNA molecules contain diverse modified nucleobases that play pivotal roles in numerous biological processes. Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, one of the most prevalent RNA modifications in mammalian cells, is linked to a multitude of human diseases. To unveil the functions of A-to-I RNA editing, accurate quantification of inosine at specific sites is essential. In this study, we developed an endonuclease-mediated cleavage and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for A-to-I RNA editing (EM-qPCR) to quantitatively analyze A-to-I RNA editing at a single site. By employing this method, we successfully quantified the levels of A-to-I RNA editing on various transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules at position 34 (I34) in mammalian cells with precision. Subsequently, this method was applied to tissues from sleep-deprived mice, revealing a notable alteration in the levels of I34 between sleep-deprived and control mice. The proposed method sets a precedent for the quantitative analysis of A-to-I RNA editing at specific sites, facilitating a deeper understanding of the biological implications of A-to-I RNA editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Bing Tao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Jun Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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2
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Ma B, Zhao X, Zhang X, Yang B, Cai Z, Xing Z, Xu M, Mi L, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhao Y, Liu X. The acute neurotoxicity of inorganic mercury in Mactra chinensis philippi. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 270:106896. [PMID: 38490093 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury (IHg) is hazardous to marine organisms especially resulting in neurotoxicity, bivalves are sensitive to pollutants as "ocean sentinel", but data on the neurotoxicity of IHg in bivalves are sparse. So we chosed M. chinensis philippi with typical neural structures in bivalves to investigate the neurotoxicity of IHg, which could be helpful to understand the specificity of neural regulation and the response characteristics of bivalves. After acute exposed to IHg (HgCl2) for 24 h, the metabolites of ganglion tissues in M. chinensis philippi were evaluated using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomics; Ca2+, neurotransmitters (nitric oxide, glutamate, acetylcholine) and related enzymes (calcineurin, nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholinesterase) were measured using biochemical detection. Compared to the control group, the levels of the nitric oxide (81.04 ± 12.84 μmol/g prot) and acetylcholine (30.93 ± 12.57 μg/mg prot) in M. chinensis philippi of IHg-treated were decreased, while glutamate (2.11 ± 0.61 mmol/L) increased significantly; the activity of nitric oxide synthase (679.34 ± 135.33 U/mg prot) was increased, while acetylcholinesterase (1.39 ± 0.44 U/mg prot) decreased significantly, and the activity of calcineurin (0.52 ± 0.02 U/mg prot) had a statistically insignificant increasing tendency. The concentration of Ca2+ (0.92 ± 0.46 mmol/g prot) in the IHg-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group. OPLS-DA was performed to reveal the difference in metabolites between the control and IHg-challenged groups, the metabolites of glucose, glutamine, inosine, succinate, glutamate, homarine, and alanine were sensitive to IHg, subsequently metabolic pathways that were affected including glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, Krebs cycle, amino acid metabolism and osmotic regulation. In our study, IHg interfered with metabolites in M. chinensis philippi, thus the corresponding metabolic pathways were changed, which influenced the neurotransmitters subsequently. Furthermore, Ca2+overload affected the synthesis or degradation of the neurotransmitters, and then the altered neurotransmitters involved in changes in metabolic pathways again. Overall, we hypothesized that the neurotoxic effects of IHg on bivalve were in close contact with metabolism, neurotransmitters, related enzymes and Ca2+, which could be effective neurotoxic biomarkers for marine environmental quality assessment, and also provide effective data for the study of the regulatory mechanism of the nervous system in response to IHg in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangguo Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Zimin Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Zihan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Liuya Mi
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Yancui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China.
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3
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Mendoza HG, Beal PA. Structural and functional effects of inosine modification in mRNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 30:512-520. [PMID: 38531652 PMCID: PMC11019749 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079977.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Inosine (I), resulting from the deamination of adenosine (A), is a prominent modification in the human transcriptome. The enzymes responsible for the conversion of adenosine to inosine in human mRNAs are the ADARs (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA). Inosine modification introduces a layer of complexity to mRNA processing and function, as it can impact various aspects of RNA biology, including mRNA stability, splicing, translation, and protein binding. The relevance of this process is emphasized in the growing number of human disorders associated with dysregulated A-to-I editing pathways. Here, we describe the impact of the A-to-I conversion on the structure and stability of duplex RNA and on the consequences of this modification at different locations in mRNAs. Furthermore, we highlight specific open questions regarding the interplay between inosine formation in duplex RNA and the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herra G Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Peter A Beal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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4
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Atta A, Salem MM, El-Said KS, Mohamed TM. Mechanistic role of quercetin as inhibitor for adenosine deaminase enzyme in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:14. [PMID: 38225555 PMCID: PMC10790468 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving T and B lymphocytes. Autoantibodies contribute to joint deterioration and worsening symptoms. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme in purine metabolism, influences adenosine levels and joint inflammation. Inhibiting ADA could impact RA progression. Intracellular ATP breakdown generates adenosine, which increases in hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Lymphocytes with ADA play a role in RA. Inhibiting lymphocytic ADA activity has an immune-regulatory effect. Synovial fluid levels of ADA are closely associated with the disease's systemic activity, making it a useful parameter for evaluating joint inflammation. Flavonoids, such as quercetin (QUE), are natural substances that can inhibit ADA activity. QUE demonstrates immune-regulatory effects and restores T-cell homeostasis, making it a promising candidate for RA therapy. In this review, we will explore the impact of QUE in suppressing ADA and reducing produced the inflammation in RA, including preclinical investigations and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Atta
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Maha M Salem
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Karim Samy El-Said
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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5
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Xing J, Zhang J, Wang J. The Immune Regulatory Role of Adenosine in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14928. [PMID: 37834375 PMCID: PMC10573203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite, is produced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from dying or stressed cells and is found at high levels in the tumor microenvironment of most solid tumors. It mediates pro-tumor activities by inducing tumor cell proliferation, migration or invasion, tumor tissue angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. In addition, adenosine plays an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses and facilitating tumor immune escape. Adenosine receptors are broadly expressed by tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including suppressive tumor-associated macrophages and CD4+ regulatory T cells, as well as effector CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Therefore, adenosine is indispensable in down-regulating anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to tumor progression. This review describes the current progress on the role of adenosine/adenosine receptor pathway in regulating the tumor-infiltrating immune cells that contribute to tumor immune evasion and aims to provide insights into adenosine-targeted tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xing
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 100001, China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 100001, China
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Martella G, Motwani NH, Khan Z, Sousa PFM, Gorokhova E, Motwani HV. Simultaneous RNA and DNA Adductomics Using Single Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1471-1482. [PMID: 37566384 PMCID: PMC10523582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Adductomics studies are used for the detection and characterization of various chemical modifications (adducts) of nucleic acids and proteins. The advancements in liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) have resulted in efficient methods for qualitative and quantitative adductomics. We developed an HRMS-based method for the simultaneous analysis of RNA and DNA adducts in a single run and demonstrated its application using Baltic amphipods, useful sentinels of environmental disturbances, as test organisms. The novelty of this method is screening for RNA and DNA adducts by a single injection on an Orbitrap HRMS instrument using full scan and data-independent acquisition. The MS raw files were processed with an open-source program, nLossFinder, to identify and distinguish RNA and DNA adducts based on the characteristic neutral loss of ribonucleosides and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides, respectively. In the amphipods, in addition to the nearly 150 putative DNA adducts characterized earlier, we detected 60 putative RNA adducts. For the structural identification of the detected RNA adducts, the MODOMICS database was used. The identified RNA adducts included simple mono- and dimethylation and other larger functional groups on different ribonucleosides and deaminated product inosine. However, 54 of these RNA adducts are not yet structurally identified, and further work on their characterization may uncover new layers of information related to the transcriptome and help understand their biological significance. Considering the susceptibility of nucleic acids to environmental factors, including pollutants, the developed multi-adductomics methodology with further advancement has the potential to provide biomarkers for diagnostics of pollution effects in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martella
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Nisha H. Motwani
- School
of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge SE-14189, Sweden
| | - Zareen Khan
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Pedro F. M. Sousa
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Hitesh V. Motwani
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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Patrasso EA, Raikundalia S, Arango D. Regulation of the epigenome through RNA modifications. Chromosoma 2023; 132:231-246. [PMID: 37138119 PMCID: PMC10524150 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of nucleotides expand the complexity and functional properties of genomes and transcriptomes. A handful of modifications in DNA bases are part of the epigenome, wherein DNA methylation regulates chromatin structure, transcription, and co-transcriptional RNA processing. In contrast, more than 150 chemical modifications of RNA constitute the epitranscriptome. Ribonucleoside modifications comprise a diverse repertoire of chemical groups, including methylation, acetylation, deamination, isomerization, and oxidation. Such RNA modifications regulate all steps of RNA metabolism, including folding, processing, stability, transport, translation, and RNA's intermolecular interactions. Initially thought to influence all aspects of the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression exclusively, recent findings uncovered a crosstalk between the epitranscriptome and the epigenome. In other words, RNA modifications feedback to the epigenome to transcriptionally regulate gene expression. The epitranscriptome achieves this feat by directly or indirectly affecting chromatin structure and nuclear organization. This review highlights how chemical modifications in chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding factors involved in transcription, chromatin structure, histone modifications, and nuclear organization affect gene expression transcriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmely A Patrasso
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Program, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Sweta Raikundalia
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Rana J, Yadav J, Chaudhary R. TFE assisted mechanochemical synthesis of new pyrazolones from Meldrum acid carbothioamides-Experimental and theoretical studies. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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9
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Zhang L, Qin Z, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Zhu J. Dynamic changes of quality and flavor characterization of Zhejiang rosy vinegar during fermentation and aging based on untargeted metabolomics. Food Chem 2023; 404:134702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Arzumanian VA, Dolgalev GV, Kurbatov IY, Kiseleva OI, Poverennaya EV. Epitranscriptome: Review of Top 25 Most-Studied RNA Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213851. [PMID: 36430347 PMCID: PMC9695239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The alphabet of building blocks for RNA molecules is much larger than the standard four nucleotides. The diversity is achieved by the post-transcriptional biochemical modification of these nucleotides into distinct chemical entities that are structurally and functionally different from their unmodified counterparts. Some of these modifications are constituent and critical for RNA functions, while others serve as dynamic markings to regulate the fate of specific RNA molecules. Together, these modifications form the epitranscriptome, an essential layer of cellular biochemistry. As of the time of writing this review, more than 300 distinct RNA modifications from all three life domains have been identified. However, only a few of the most well-established modifications are included in most reviews on this topic. To provide a complete overview of the current state of research on the epitranscriptome, we analyzed the extent of the available information for all known RNA modifications. We selected 25 modifications to describe in detail. Summarizing our findings, we describe the current status of research on most RNA modifications and identify further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia A. Arzumanian
- Correspondence: (V.A.A.); (G.V.D.); Tel.: +7-960-889-7117 (V.A.A.); +7-967-236-36-79 (G.V.D.)
| | - Georgii V. Dolgalev
- Correspondence: (V.A.A.); (G.V.D.); Tel.: +7-960-889-7117 (V.A.A.); +7-967-236-36-79 (G.V.D.)
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11
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Dolce LG, Zimmer AA, Tengo L, Weis F, Rubio MAT, Alfonzo JD, Kowalinski E. Structural basis for sequence-independent substrate selection by eukaryotic wobble base tRNA deaminase ADAT2/3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6737. [PMID: 36347890 PMCID: PMC9643335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential deamination of adenosine A34 to inosine at the wobble base is the individual tRNA modification with the greatest effects on mRNA decoding, empowering a single tRNA to translate three different codons. To date, many aspects of how eukaryotic deaminases specifically select their multiple substrates remain unclear. Here, using cryo-EM, we present the structure of a eukaryotic ADAT2/3 deaminase bound to a full-length tRNA, revealing that the enzyme distorts the anticodon loop, but in contrast to the bacterial enzymes, selects its substrate via sequence-independent contacts of eukaryote-acquired flexible or intrinsically unfolded motifs distal from the conserved catalytic core. A gating mechanism for substrate entry to the active site is identified. Our multi-step tRNA recognition model yields insights into how RNA editing by A34 deamination evolved, shaped the genetic code, and directly impacts the eukaryotic proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano G Dolce
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Aubree A Zimmer
- Department of Microbiology and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura Tengo
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - Félix Weis
- EMBL Heidelberg, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mary Anne T Rubio
- Department of Microbiology and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juan D Alfonzo
- Department of Microbiology and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eva Kowalinski
- EMBL Grenoble, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France.
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Noble D. Editorial for volume 169. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 169-170:1-2. [PMID: 35276135 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
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