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Zhou HY, Lu QH, Zhang LL, Liu ZH. Nail changes after scarlet fever. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64:692. [PMID: 37419699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Zhou
- Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Qin-Hong Lu
- Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ze-Hu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
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Zahoor F, Bari AU, Ahmed N, Malik TM, Shah SA, Afzal G. Dermoscopic Nail Disorders in School-Going Children. Cureus 2023; 15:e36848. [PMID: 37123710 PMCID: PMC10141852 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The majority of nail diseases in children are comparable to those in adults, while there are some physiological changes that start to happen around this age and go away over a few years. These conditions could be symptoms of infections and systemic illnesses. Pediatric nail disorders are typically easy to diagnose clinically, although there are occasionally conditions that masquerade as juvenile nail problems. Dermoscopy has grown in favour as a rapid, easy, non-invasive clinical procedure for examining nail diseases. This study aims to assess dermoscopic findings of child nail diseases. Methods A prospective analysis was conducted for seven months between January and July, 2022, at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 180 patients who presented in the outpatient department with any dermatological complaint underwent thorough history and examination. Special emphasis was given to clinical and dermoscopic examinations of nails. Data analysis enclosed descriptive and inferential statistics. The quantitative data was presented with help of mean and standard deviation, while the qualitative data was presented with help of frequency and percentage tables. Chi-square test was applied to compare nail findings diagnosed on clinical examination and dermoscopic examination. Results The mean age of study subjects was 9.4±3.2 years and ranged between five years and 18 years. The most common nail changes were hand eczema (n=41, 23%) followed by nail changes due to nutritional disorders (n=38, 21%), anaemia (n=34, 19%) and habit tic deformity (n=31, 17.2%). Conclusions Clinical evaluation is crucial for nail disease diagnosis. Dermoscopy of nails can help with the final diagnosis of nail disease and confirm clinical diagnoses. Also, it aids in the management of nail illnesses by providing a clearer picture of pathology and nail structure.
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Abstract
Nail conditions are not only aesthetic concerns, and nail changes may be a clue to an underlying systemic diseases or infection. Without timely treatment, nail diseases can continue to worsen and significantly impair performance of daily activities and reduce quality of life. Examination of the nails is essential at every medical visit, and may uncover important findings. Brittle nail syndrome, onychomycosis, paronychia, nail psoriasis, longitudinal melanonychia, Beau's lines, onychomadesis and retronychia are common nail disorders seen in clinical practice. These conditions stem from infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic and traumatic aetiologies. Though each nail condition presents with its own distinct characteristics, the clinical findings may overlap between different conditions, resulting in misdiagnosis and treatment delays. Patients can present with nail plate changes (e.g. hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, pitting), discolouration, pain and inflammation. The diagnostic work-up of nail disease should include a detailed history and clinical examination of all 20 nail units. Dermoscopy, diagnostic imaging and histopathologic and mycological analyses may be necessary for diagnosis. Nail findings concerning for malignancy should be promptly referred to a dermatologist for evaluation and biopsy. Nail disease management requires a targeted treatment approach. Treatments include topical and/or systemic medications, discontinuation of offending drugs or surgical intervention, depending on the condition. Patient education on proper nail care and techniques to minimize further damage to the affected nails is also important. This article serves to enhance familiarity of the most common nail disorders seen in clinical practice. It will highlight the key clinical manifestations, systematic approaches to diagnosis and treatment options for each nail condition to improve diagnosis and management of nail diseases, as well as patient outcomes.Key messagesNail disease is not only a cosmetic issue, as nail changes can indicate the presence of a serious underlying systemic disease, infection or malignancy.Nail pain and changes associated with NP are physically and emotionally distressing and may contribute to functional impairment and diminished quality of life.LM is a hallmark sign of subungual melanoma and this finding warrants further investigation to rule out malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K Lee
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Shari R Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY, USA
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Mahajan R, Kaushik A, De D, Handa S. Pediatric trachyonychia- A retrospective study of 17 cases. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:689-690. [PMID: 35283525 PMCID: PMC8906302 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_42_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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5
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Skin Fungal Infections in Children: Diagnostic Challenges. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Sivasankari M, Sinha P. Twenty nail onychomadesis following acute viral hepatitis B infection. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_46_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Castellanos J, Toledo-Bahena M, Mena-Cedillos C, Ramirez-Cortes E, Valencia-Herrera A. Onychomycosis in Children with Down Syndrome. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-018-0331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Starace M, Piraccini BM, Brandi N, Alessandrini A. When the Nail Appearance Plays Tricks: A Case of Longitudinal Melanonychia. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10311232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A paediatric nail consultation is often required to reduce parents’ concerns regarding their child’s abnormal nail appearance. Nail pigmentation in children is a dermatological challenge because guidelines are not standardised, causing many doubts for dermatologists. In general, the majority of cases of melanonychia are benign in children and nail melanoma cases are very rare. However, alarming clinical and dermoscopic features can be observed, requiring nail surgery to confirm a diagnosis. Here, we present a case of longitudinal melanonychia in a teenager with atypical signs and a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Starace
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolò Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurora Alessandrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Starace M, Alessandrini A, Piraccini BM. Nail Disorders in Children. Skin Appendage Disord 2018; 4:217-229. [PMID: 30410888 DOI: 10.1159/000486020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nail diseases in children do not account for a significant proportion of pediatric consultations, and most of the time the nails are not observed by the clinician, overlooking their importance. Specific examination of the nails is neglected, while localization to the nails could be an initial sign of a syndrome or a systemic disorder. Nail diseases in the pediatric population differ from those in adults in terms of diagnostic approach and management; some of them even are manifested mainly or exclusively in children. Pediatric patients with underlying systemic disorders are more likely to manifest acquired disorders of the nails. Although rare, nail diseases in children are a source of anxiety for the parents. Examination of the nails is an essential part of pediatric physical examination. A correct clinical history and careful examination help the clinician to distinguish the different conditions and to decide on the correct management of nail diseases in young patients. A classification of nail dystrophies according to age is somewhat arbitrary and a unique classification does not exist. Nail diseases in the pediatric population can be divided according to age groups where a predilection appears in most of the cases. Moreover, certain abnormalities may be lifelong once acquired, but their presentation may be modified by age, worsening or improving during life. This review describes many of the nail conditions that are seen in the pediatric population aging from newborn to toddler, starting with physiological aspects to better recognize the pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Starace
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurora Alessandrini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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11
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The Efficacy and Safety of Systemic Antifungals in Children’s Onychomycosis. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-017-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Alessandrini A, Starace M, Piraccini BM. Dermoscopy in the Evaluation of Nail Disorders. Skin Appendage Disord 2017; 3:70-82. [PMID: 28560217 DOI: 10.1159/000458728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nail dermoscopy was initially used only in the assessment of nail pigmentation, but now it is widely utilized for the evaluation of many nail disorders. In daily practice, dermoscopy may confirm clinical diagnoses and guides in the management of nail diseases and treatments, permitting a better visualization of symptoms. Dry dermoscopy is required for evaluation of the nail plate surface, while gel as an interface is necessary for assessment of nail pigmentation and onycholysis, as well as for the evaluation of the distal nail margin. In this review, we describe the dermoscopic features of the most important nail disorders, looking at the different areas of the nail. Dermatoscopic changes that usually accompany specific nail diseases are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Alessandrini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Starace
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Piraccini
- Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Haber JS, Chairatchaneeboon M, Rubin AI. Trachyonychia: Review and Update on Clinical Aspects, Histology, and Therapy. Skin Appendage Disord 2017; 2:109-115. [PMID: 28232917 PMCID: PMC5264356 DOI: 10.1159/000449063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trachyonychia is a disorder of the nail unit that most commonly presents with rough, longitudinally ridged nails (opaque trachyonychia) or less frequently, uniform, opalescent nails with pits (shiny trachyonychia). The term trachyonychia refers to 'rough nails.' This article comprehensively reviews the clinical, histologic, and therapeutic aspects of trachyonychia. The authors' preferred evaluation and management strategies of trachyonychia are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Haber
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Manasmon Chairatchaneeboon
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adam I. Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
- Section of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
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Solís-Arias MP, García-Romero MT. Onychomycosis in children. A review. Int J Dermatol 2016; 56:123-130. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Beau lines, onychomadesis, and retronychia: A unifying hypothesis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:849-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cedeno-Laurent F, Kim EJ, Rook AH, Vittorio CC, Rubin AI. Polydactylous Longitudinal Melanonychia Acquired following Total Skin Electron Beam Radiation Therapy for Sézary Syndrome. Skin Appendage Disord 2015; 1:60-1. [PMID: 27170936 DOI: 10.1159/000398817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filiberto Cedeno-Laurent
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Ellen J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Carmela C Vittorio
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Adam I Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
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