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Velliyagounder K, Chavan K, Markowitz K. Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Impact on Oral Health-A Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:176. [PMID: 38920877 PMCID: PMC11202564 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral disease interventions primarily focus on behavioral changes like dietary improvements and ensuring better oral hygiene. However, recognizing the influence of biological factors, including genetics and early-life nutrition, is crucial. Iron deficiency (ID) and its advanced form, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), affect nearly two billion people globally, especially children and pregnant women. We conducted a comprehensive search using Medline via EndNote and Web of Science, employing keywords related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and we identified 36 studies deemed relevant for inclusion in this literature review. IDA prevalence is notably high among pregnant women and young children. Both IDA and early-childhood caries (ECC) disproportionately affect impoverished populations, highlighting the socioeconomic dimension of this issue. IDA presents with various oral mucosal changes and is closely linked to candidiasis. Additionally, IDA can hinder tooth development and weaken the immune response. Multiple population surveys have revealed a significant association between ECC and IDA. While some studies have explored the IDA-periodontal disease link, the current evidence is relatively limited in its robustness. In conclusion, more comprehensive longitudinal studies are essential to deepen our understanding of the IDA-oral disease connection. Investigating the underlying biological mechanisms is critical to developing effective interventions, particularly for vulnerable populations affected by IDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabilan Velliyagounder
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (K.C.); (K.M.)
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Is there an association between early childhood caries and iron deficiency anaemia? Evid Based Dent 2022; 23:146-147. [PMID: 36526838 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical question To determine the association between early childhood caries (ECC) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA).Data sources A systematic search was carried out in seven databases by two independent reviewers. Also, manual searching and grey literature screening were carried out.Study selection Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies that evaluated the association between ECC and IDA were included. Only publications in the English language were considered for study eligibility.Data extraction and synthesis The characteristics of the included studies - age, sex, sample size, diagnostic methods used, index used for ECC, blood parameters, odds ration/risk ratio, confidence interval, p value, outcomes and assessment of any confounders - were extracted from the included papers. The quality assessment for case-control and cohort studies was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale, while the modified Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale was used for the cross-sectional studies.Results A total of 14 publications were included for qualitative review and seven of them were included in the meta-analysis. Children affected by ECC had an increased likelihood of IDA when compared to those not affected by ECC. However, the meta-analysis showed no statistical difference in blood parameters (haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and serum ferritin) in children with and without ECC.Conclusions There is an association between ECC and increased odds of IDA; however, there is a lack of scientific evidence to determine a cause and effect relation or direction of association between ECC and IDA.
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A Novel Expert System for Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7352096. [PMID: 36277016 PMCID: PMC9586777 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7352096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of a disease is one of the most important processes in the field of medicine. Thus, computer-aided detection systems are becoming increasingly important to assist physicians. The iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious health problem that requires careful diagnosis. Diagnosis of IDA is a classification problem, and there are various studies conducted. Researchers also use feature selection approaches to detect significant variables. Studies so far investigate different classification problems such as outliers, class imbalance, presence of noise, and multicollinearity. However, datasets are usually affected by more than one of these problems. In this study, we aimed to create multiple systems that can separate diseased and healthy individuals and detect the variables that have a significant effect on these diseases considering influential classification problems. For this, we prepared different datasets based on the original dataset whose outliers were removed using different outlier detection methods. Then, a multistep classification algorithm was proposed for each dataset to see the results under irregular and regulated conditions. In each step, a different classification problem is handled. The results showed that it is important to consider each question together as it can and should change the outcome. Dataset and R codes used in the study are available as supplementary files online.
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Easwaran HN, Annadurai A, Muthu MS, Sharma A, Patil SS, Jayakumar P, Jagadeesan A, Nagarajan U, Pasupathy U, Wadgave U. Early Childhood Caries and Iron Deficiency Anaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res 2021; 56:36-46. [PMID: 34749377 DOI: 10.1159/000520442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) will aid paediatricians and paediatric dentists to enhance health promotion measures to reduce the related morbidity in children. This systematic review aims to determine an evidence-based association between ECC and IDA. A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Specialized Register, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus up to May 2020. Hand searching and grey literature screening were also conducted. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies in English language which assessed the association was included. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality and extracted the outcome data. A total of 1,434 studies were identified. Fourteen studies qualified for qualitative review and 7 of them for a meta-analysis. In comparison with children not affected by ECC, those affected had an increased likelihood of IDA (OR = 6.07 [3.61, 10.21]). The meta-analysis showed no statistical difference when comparing blood parameters (Hb, MCV, and serum ferritin) in children with and without ECC. This systematic review demonstrates an association between ECC and increased odds of IDA rather than it being the cause for IDA. Further longitudinal studies with robust methodology are required to determine an evidence-based association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Nivetha Easwaran
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Anitha Annadurai
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aruna Sharma
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Priya Jayakumar
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Aarthi Jagadeesan
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Uma Nagarajan
- Paediatric Dentist, Pedo Planet Children's Dental Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Umapthy Pasupathy
- Department of Paediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Umesh Wadgave
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, Gulbarga, India
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Bahdila D, Markowitz K, Pawar S, Chavan K, Fine DH, Velliyagounder K. The effect of iron deficiency anemia on experimental dental caries in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 105:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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