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Fang Y, Ma H, Zhang X, Zhang P, Li Y, He S, Sheng C, Dong G. Smart glypican-3-targeting peptide-chlorin e6 conjugates for targeted photodynamic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116047. [PMID: 38118394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive and lethal malignancy with poor prognosis, necessitating the urgent development of effective treatments. Targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising way to selectively eradicate tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Inspired by promising features of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) in targeted cancer therapy, herein a novel glypican-3 (GPC3)-targeting PDC-PDT strategy was developed for the precise PDT treatment of HCC. The GPC3-targeting photosensitizer conjugates were developed by attaching GPC3-targeting peptides to chlorin e6. Conjugate 8b demonstrated the ability to penetrate HCC cells via GPC3-mediated entry process, exhibiting remarkable tumor-targeting capacity, superior antitumor efficacy, and minimal toxicity towards normal cells. Notably, conjugate 8b achieved complete tumor elimination upon light illumination in a HepG2 xenograft model without harm to normal tissues. Overall, this innovative GPC3-targeting conjugation strategy demonstrates considerable promise for clinical applications for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haoqian Ma
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- The Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Peifeng Zhang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Refining and High-quality Utilization of Biomass, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yu Li
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Kim HI, Lee SH, Shin SJ, Park JH, Yu JE, Lee SW, Yang SH, Pires L, Wilson BC. Phonozen-mediated photodynamic therapy comparing two wavelengths in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2563-2572. [PMID: 37632684 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy (PDT) using photosensitizer activation at two different wavelengths, 405 and 664 nm, in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis. METHODS The dark and light cytotoxicity of chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Phonozen) were measured in vitro under 402 ± 14 and 670 ± 18 nm LED activation in bioluminescent human gastric cancer cells, MKN45-luc. Cell viability was measured at 6 h after irradiation using the PrestoBlue assay. Corresponding in vivo studies were performed in athymic nude mice by intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 106 MKN45-luc cells. PDT was performed 10 d after tumor induction and comprised intraperitoneal injection of Phonozen followed by light irradiation at 3 h, delivered by a diffusing-tip optical fiber placed in the peritoneal cavity and coupled to a 405 or 664 nm diode laser to deliver a total energy of 50 J (20 mice per cohort). Whole-body bioluminescence imaging was used to track the tumor burden after PDT out to 130 days, and 5 mice in each cohort were sacrificed at 4 h post treatment to measure the acute tumor necrosis. RESULTS Photosensitizer dose-dependent photocytotoxicity was higher in vitro at 405 than 664 nm. In vivo, PDT reduced the tumor growth rate at both wavelengths, with no statistically significant difference. There was substantial necrosis, and median survival was significantly prolonged at both wavelengths compared with controls (46 and 46 vs. 34 days). CONCLUSIONS Phonozen-mediated PDT results in significant cytotoxicity in vitro as well as tumor necrosis and prolonged survival in vivo following intraperitoneal light irradiation. Blue light was more photocytotoxic than red in vitro and had marginally higher efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Il Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, University Health Network, 15-314, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei-Dongsung Photodynamic Therapy Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Yonsei-Dongsung Photodynamic Therapy Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Yonsei-Dongsung Photodynamic Therapy Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nano-Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology of Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Eun Yu
- Yonsei-Dongsung Photodynamic Therapy Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Yonsei-Dongsung Photodynamic Therapy Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Yonsei-Dongsung Photodynamic Therapy Research Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Layla Pires
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, University Health Network, 15-314, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, University Health Network, 15-314, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Li H, Long G, Tian J. Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1255632. [PMID: 37860180 PMCID: PMC10584312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1255632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), we conducted this systematic review to comprehensively assess its efficacy and safety. Methods A comprehensive literature research was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, and studies reporting the safety and efficacy of PDT in NMIBC were included. Complete response (CR) rates, recurrence-free survival (RFS) at different time points, and complication incidences were extracted and synthesized. Pooled results were presented as rates with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Overall, 28 single arm studies were included in the meta-analysis. For unresectable NMIBC, therapeutic PDT achieved CR in 68% (95% CI: 59%-77%) of patients. Among these CR cases, 71% (95% CI: 56%-85%) and 38% (95% CI: 12%-64%) have a RFS longer than 12 and 24 months, respectively. For Tis patients, the CR rate was 68% (95% CI: 56%-80%), and 84% (95% CI: 48%-100%) and 13% (95% CI: 1%-32%) have a RFS longer than 12 and 24 months. For patients with resectable tumors, post-resection adjuvant PDT could provide a 12 and 24 months RFS in 81% (95% CI:76%-87%) and 56% (95% CI:41%-71%) of them. Especially, for NMIBC patients who failed BCG therapy, adjuvant PDT could still achieve a 1-year and 2-year RFS in 68% (95% CI:51%-86%) and 56% (95% CI:32%-81%) patients. The complications were mostly mild and transient, including lower urinary tract symptoms and photosensitivity. Conclusion Both therapeutic and adjuvant PDT present satisfying safety and efficacy for NMIBC, including these cases that are resistant to the standard of care. As a promising option for NMIBC, PDT deserves further exploration by future high-quality research. Systematic review registration https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-11-0043/, INPLASY2022110043.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Tian
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Streltsova O, Antonyan A, Ignatova N, Yunusova K, Elagin V, Kamensky V. Preclinical Studies on the Safety and Toxicity of Photoditazine in the Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy of Uropathogenic Bacteria. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2283. [PMID: 37626779 PMCID: PMC10452507 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'dusting' technique of lithotripsy for the removal of infected urinary calculi and the wide use of drainage after endoscopic surgery may stimulate spreading of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one promising method for the elimination these strains. The purpose of our study was to evaluate alterations of renal pelvis morphology and renal function in laboratory animals after bactericidal regimens of PDT. Renal pelvises of pigs were filled with Photoditazine and then assessed either by examining the accumulation of Photoditazine in the urothelium or by illumination with a laser at a wavelength of 662 nm. A renal test and a complete blood count was performed to assess a negative effect of the treatment on health. Structural alterations of the kidney tissues were analyzed by histological examination. No photosensitizer fluorescence was detected in the urothelium of the pelvis. Histological study showed that PDT caused minor changes to the urothelium of the renal pelvis but did not affect the underlying connective tissue. No renal function abnormalities were found after PDT. Thus, the study indicates that antibacterial PDT is a safety technique that can complement common antibiotic therapy in the surgical treatment of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Streltsova
- Department of Urology Named after E. V. Shakhov, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Artem Antonyan
- Department of Urology Named after E. V. Shakhov, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda Ignatova
- Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603004 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Katerina Yunusova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladislav Kamensky
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (V.E.); (V.K.)
- Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Thapa Magar TB, Lee J, Lee JH, Jeon J, Gurung P, Lim J, Kim YW. Novel Chlorin e6-Curcumin Derivatives as a Potential Photosensitizer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1577. [PMID: 37376026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel series of chlorin e6-curcumin derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds 16, 17, 18, and 19 were tested for their photodynamic treatment (PDT) efficacy against human pancreatic cancer cell lines: AsPC-1, MIA-PaCa-2, and PANC-1. The cellular uptake study was performed in the aforementioned cell lines using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). 17, among the synthesized compounds with IC50 values of 0.27, 0.42, and 0.21 µM against AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1 cell lines, respectively, demonstrated excellent cellular internalization capability and exhibited higher phototoxicity relative to the parent Ce6. The quantitative analyses using Annexin V-PI staining revealed that the 17-PDT-induced apoptosis was dose-dependent. In pancreatic cell lines, 17 reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and increased the pro-apoptotic protein, cytochrome C, which indicates the activation of intrinsic apoptosis, the primary cause of cancer cell death. Structure-activity relationship studies have shown that the incorporation of additional methyl ester moiety and conjugation to the enone moiety of curcumin enhances cellular uptake and PDT efficacy. Moreover, in vivo PDT testing in melanoma mouse models revealed that 17-PDT greatly reduced tumor growth. Therefore, 17 might be an effective photosensitizer for PDT anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jusuk Lee
- A&J Science Co., Ltd., Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Jeon
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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Rahman KMM, Giram P, Foster BA, You Y. Photodynamic Therapy for Bladder Cancers, A Focused Review †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:420-436. [PMID: 36138552 PMCID: PMC10421568 DOI: 10.1111/php.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the first cancer for which PDT was clinically approved in 1993. Unfortunately, it was unsuccessful due to side effects like bladder contraction. Here, we summarized the recent progress of PDT for bladder cancers, focusing on photosensitizers and formulations. General strategies to minimize side effects are intravesical administration of photosensitizers, use of targeting strategies for photosensitizers and better control of light. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers are more suitable for PDT than muscle invasive and metastatic bladder cancers. In 2010, the FDA approved blue light cystoscopy, using PpIX fluorescence, for photodynamic diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. PpIX produced from HAL was also used in PDT but was not successful due to low therapeutic efficacy. To enhance the efficacy of PpIX-PDT, we have been working on combining it with singlet oxygen-activatable prodrugs. The use of these prodrugs increases the therapeutic efficacy of the PpIX-PDT. It also improves tumor selectivity of the prodrugs due to the preferential formation of PpIX in cancer cells resulting in decreased off-target toxicity. Future challenges include improving prodrugs and light delivery across the bladder barrier to deeper tumor tissue and generating an effective therapeutic response in an In vivo setting without causing collateral damage to bladder function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Prabhanjan Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Barbara A. Foster
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Yang Y, Wang C, Li Z, Lu Q, Li Y. Precise diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer - A clinical perspective. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1042552. [PMID: 36798814 PMCID: PMC9927396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1042552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the guidelines, transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical therapy remains the standard strategy for the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, even if patients receive standard strategy, the risk of postoperative recurrence and progression is high. From the clinical perspective, the standard strategy needs to be optimized and improved. Compared to conventional TURBT, the technique of en bloc resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) removes the tumor tissue in one piece, thus following the principles of cancer surgery. Meanwhile, the integrity and spatial orientation of tumor tissue is protected during the operation, which is helpful for pathologists to make accurate histopathological analysis. Then, urologists can make a postoperative individualized treatment plan based on the patient's clinical characteristics and histopathological results. To date, there is no strong evidence that NMIBC patients treated with ERBT achieve better oncological prognosis, which indicates that ERBT alone does not yet improve patient outcomes. With the development of enhanced imaging technology and proteogenomics technology, en bloc resection combined with these technologies will make it possible to achieve precise diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. In this review, the authors analyze the current existing shortcomings of en bloc resection and points out its future direction, in order to promote continuous optimization of the management strategy of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Lu
- *Correspondence: Qiang Lu, ; Yuanwei Li,
| | - Yuanwei Li
- *Correspondence: Qiang Lu, ; Yuanwei Li,
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Hao L, Shi Z, Dong Y, Chen J, Pang K, He H, Zhang S, Wu W, Zhang Q, Han C. Efficient Delivery of P3H4 siRNA and Chlorin e6 by cRGDfK-Installed Polyarginine Nanoparticles for Tumor-Targeting Therapy of Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102149. [PMID: 36297587 PMCID: PMC9609145 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase family member 4 (P3H4) is a potent prognostic oncogene in bladder cancer (BC), and the inhibition of P3H4 suppresses BC tumor growth. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of P3H4 inhibition for BC tumor therapy via tumor-targeting nanoparticles. Methods and results: A linear polyarginine peptide (R9) was synthesized, azide-modified, and then assembled with cyclic pentapeptide cRGDfK. Chlorin e6 (ce6)-conjugated CH3-R9-RGD nanoparticles were prepared for the delivery of siP3H4 into T24 cells in vitro and BC tumors in vivo. Dynamic light scattering analysis identified that the optimum CH3-R9-RGD@siP3H4 molar ratio was 30/1. CH3-R9-RGD@ce6/siP3H4 nanocomposites decreased P3H4 expression and cell proliferation and promoted reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, and calreticulin exposure in T24 cells in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that CH3-R9-RGD@ce6/siP3H4 nanocomposites caused pathological changes, suppressed BC tumor growth, promoted caspase 3 expression, and enhanced calreticulin exposure in tumor cells. Conclusions: The tumor-targeting CH3-R9-RGD nanocomposites encapsulating siP3H4 and ce6 might be an alternative therapeutic strategy or intravesical instillation chemotherapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Zhenduo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kun Pang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Houguang He
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qianjin Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Conghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-516-83956711; Fax: +86-516-83840486
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Kustov AV, Smirnova NL, Privalov OA, Moryganova TM, Strelnikov AI, Morshnev PK, Koifman OI, Lyubimtsev AV, Kustova TV, Berezin DB. Transurethral Resection of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Tumors Combined with Fluorescence Diagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e 6-Type Photosensitizers. J Clin Med 2021; 11:233. [PMID: 35011974 PMCID: PMC8745686 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common disease with a high recurrence rate. In order to improve the treatment of superficial bladder tumors, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection (TURB) followed by fluorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin e6 photosensitizers (PSs), viz. "Fotoran e6" and "Fotoditazin". It was found that both PSs generated singlet oxygen and revealed moderate affinity toward the lipid-like compartment. Between November 2018 and October 2020, 12 patients with verified non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were treated by TURB combined with FD and PDT. Eight patients received "Fotoran e6" intravenously, while four patients received intravesical PSs. The patient ages were between 31 and 79 years, with a median age of 64.5 years (mean 61.3 ± 14.2). The total light dose was 150 J/cm2 for the local irradiation of the tumor bed with a red light at the λ = 660 nm wavelength, and 10-25 J/cm2 were additionally delivered for diffuse irradiation of the entire bladder mucosa. At the median follow-up period of 24 months (mean 24.5 ± 5.4 months, range 16-35 months), 11 patients remained tumor-free. One 79-year-old patient developed a recurrence without progression to the muscle layer. This pilot study shows that the TURB + FD + PDT technique is an effective and safe option for the first-line treatment of superficial bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Kustov
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Nataliya L. Smirnova
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Oleg A. Privalov
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Tatyana M. Moryganova
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Urology, Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Strelnikov
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Urology, Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Philipp K. Morshnev
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Oscar I. Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Alex V. Lyubimtsev
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Tatyana V. Kustova
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Dmitry B. Berezin
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
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Sobhani N, Samadani AA. Implications of photodynamic cancer therapy: an overview of PDT mechanisms basically and practically. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:34. [PMID: 34778919 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor eradication is one of the most important challengeable categories in oncological studies. In this account, besides the molecular genetics methods including cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and general cancer therapy procedures like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, photodynamic adjuvant therapy is of great importance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a relatively noninvasive therapeutic method utilizes the irradiation of an appropriate wavelength which is absorbed by a photosensitizing agent in the presence of oxygen. In this procedure, a series of events lead to the direct death of malignant cells such as damage to the microvasculature and also the induction of a local inflammatory function. PDT has participated with other treatment modalities especially in the early stage of malignant tumors and has resulted in decreasing morbidity besides improving survival rate and quality of life. High spatial resolution of PDT has attracted considerable attention in the field of image-guided photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy of multidrug resistance cancers. Although PDT outcomes vary across the different tumor types, minimal natural tissue toxicity, minor systemic effects, significant reduction in long-term disease, lack of innate or acquired resistance mechanisms, and excellent cosmetic effects, as well as limb function, make it a valuable treatment option for combination therapies. SHORT CONCLUSION In this review article, we tried to discuss the potential of PDT in the treatment of some dermatologic and solid tumors, particularly all its important mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sobhani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. .,Clinical Research Development Unit of Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Sun YD, Zhu YX, Zhang X, Jia HR, Xia Y, Wu FG. Role of Cholesterol Conjugation in the Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy of Branched Polyethylenimine-Containing Nanoagents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14324-14331. [PMID: 31580079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for fighting bacterial infections because it can induce few side effects, develop no drug resistance, and realize precise treatment. However, most photosensitizers (PSs) have the disadvantages of poor water-solubility, severe self-quenching, and potential toxicity. Here, the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used to prepare a cholesterol- and chlorin e6 (Ce6, a common PS)-conjugated compound via the carboxyl-amine reaction or the acyl chloride-amine reaction (abbreviated as Chol-PEI-Ce6). The as-prepared Chol-PEI-Ce6 molecules can self-assemble into close-to-spherical nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of ∼15 nm and can bind to the bacterial surfaces via the synergistic hydrophobic insertion of the cholesterol moieties and electrostatic interaction between the cationic amine groups of PEI and the bacterial surfaces. Upon light irradiation, the NPs can effectively inactivate both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Besides, the interaction between Chol-PEI-Ce6 NPs and bacteria markedly enhances the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species after light irradiation, which may account for the excellent antibacterial performance of the NPs. More importantly, the NPs possess negligible dark cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. Therefore, the present work may have strong implications for developing novel antibacterial agents to fight against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases , Nanjing Medical University , 136 HanZhong Road , Nanjing 210029 , P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , 2 Sipailou Road , Nanjing 210096 , P. R. China
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12
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Kiss B, van den Berg NS, Ertsey R, McKenna K, Mach KE, Zhang CA, Volkmer JP, Weissman IL, Rosenthal EL, Liao JC. CD47-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Human Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3561-3571. [PMID: 30890547 PMCID: PMC7039531 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a localized molecular cancer therapy combining a photosensitizer-conjugated mAb and light energy. CD47 is an innate immune checkpoint widely expressed on bladder cancer cells, but absent from luminal normal urothelium. Targeting CD47 for NIR-PIT has the potential to selectively induce cancer cell death and minimize damage to normal urothelium. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The cytotoxic effect of NIR-PIT with anti-CD47-IR700 was investigated in human bladder cancer cell lines and primary human bladder cancer cells derived from fresh surgical samples. Phagocytosis assays were performed to evaluate macrophage activity after NIR-PIT. Anti-CD47-IR700 was administered to murine xenograft tumor models of human bladder cancer for in vivo molecular imaging and NIR-PIT. RESULTS Cytotoxicity in cell lines and primary bladder cancer cells significantly increased in a light-dose-dependent manner with CD47-targeted NIR-PIT. Phagocytosis of cancer cells significantly increased with NIR-PIT compared with antibody alone (P = 0.0002). In vivo fluorescence intensity of anti-CD47-IR700 in tumors reached a peak 24-hour postinjection and was detectable for at least 14 days. After a single round of CD47-targeted NIR-PIT, treated animals showed significantly slower tumor growth compared with controls (P < 0.0001). Repeated CD47-targeted NIR-PIT treatment further slowed tumor growth (P = 0.0104) and improved survival compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS CD47-targeted NIR-PIT increased direct cancer cell death and phagocytosis resulting in inhibited tumor growth and improved survival in a murine xenograft model of human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kiss
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Nynke S van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robert Ertsey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Kathleen E Mach
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Chiyuan Amy Zhang
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Liao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
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13
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Mansoori B, Mohammadi A, Amin Doustvandi M, Mohammadnejad F, Kamari F, Gjerstorff MF, Baradaran B, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic therapy for cancer: Role of natural products. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:395-404. [PMID: 31063860 PMCID: PMC6579671 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising modality for the treatment of cancer. PDT involves administering a photosensitizing dye, i.e. photosensitizer, that selectively accumulates in tumors, and shining a light source on the lesion with a wavelength matching the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer, that exerts a cytotoxic effect after excitation. The reactive oxygen species produced during PDT are responsible for the oxidation of biomolecules, which in turn cause cell death and the necrosis of malignant tissue. PDT is a multi-factorial process that generally involves apoptotic death of the tumor cells, degeneration of the tumor vasculature, stimulation of anti-tumor immune response, and induction of inflammatory reactions in the illuminated lesion. Numerous compounds with photosensitizing activity have been introduced commercially. Although many papers have been published with regard to PDT in the last decade, there has been relatively little focus on natural medicinal plant extracts and compounds derived therefrom. Herbal plants and their extracts are natural substances, and in comparison with synthetic chemicals are considered "green". This review focuses on the different mechanisms of PDT and discusses the role of various plant extracts and natural compounds either alone or in combination for carrying out PDT on different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Farzin Kamari
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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14
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Poiroux G, Barre A, Rougé P, Benoist H. Targeting Glycosylation Aberrations to Improve the Efficiency of Cancer Phototherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:349-359. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666180628101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of photodynamic therapy in cancer still remains limited, partly because of the lack of photosensitizer (PS) specificity for the cancerous tissues. Various molecular tools are available to increase PS efficiency by targeting the cancer cell molecular alterations. Most strategies use the protein-protein interactions, e.g. monoclonal antibodies directed toward tumor antigens, such as HER2 or EGFR. An alternative could be the targeting of the tumor glycosylation aberrations, e.g. T/Tn antigens that are truncated O-glycans over-expressed in numerous tumors. Thus, to achieve an effective targeting, PS can be conjugated to molecules that specifically recognize the Oglycosylation aberrations at the cancer cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Poiroux
- Universite de Toulouse, CRCT, INSERM UMR 1037, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France
| | - Annick Barre
- Universite de Toulouse, Pharma-Dev, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) UMR 152, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, F-31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Pierre Rougé
- Universite de Toulouse, Pharma-Dev, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) UMR 152, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, F-31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
| | - Hervé Benoist
- Universite de Toulouse, Pharma-Dev, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) UMR 152, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, F-31062 Toulouse, Cedex 09, France
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15
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Mucopenetration and biocompatibility of polydopamine surfaces for delivery in an Ex Vivo porcine bladder. J Control Release 2019; 300:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Siddiqui MR, Railkar R, Sanford T, Crooks DR, Eckhaus MA, Haines D, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H, Agarwal PK. Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Expressing Bladder Cancer Using Combination Photoimmunotherapy (PIT). Sci Rep 2019; 9:2084. [PMID: 30765854 PMCID: PMC6375935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is heterogeneous and expresses various cell surface targets. Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) involves monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) conjugated to a photoabsorber (PA), IR Dye 700Dx, and then activated by near infra-red light (NIR) to specifically target tumors. We have demonstrated that tumors expressing EGFR can be targeted with PIT. However, PIT may be less effective when a tumor lacks "overwhelming" expression of a single target such as EGFR. We present a combinatorial PIT approach for targeting BC expressing EGFR and HER2, using PA- labeled panitumumab (pan) and trastuzumab (tra), respectively. Human BC tissues and cell lines were analyzed for EGFR and HER2 expression. Efficacy of PA-labeled MAbs singly and in combination was analyzed. About 45% of BC tissues stain for both EGFR and HER2. In vitro, the combination of pan IR700 and tra IR700 with NIR was more efficacious than either agent alone. Tumor xenografts treated with combination PIT showed significant tumor growth retardation. Combination PIT is a promising approach for treating BC with low/moderate expression of surface receptors. In addition, given the molecular heterogeneity of bladder cancer, targeting more than one surface receptor may allow for more effective cell death across different bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Siddiqui
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reema Railkar
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Sanford
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA
| | - Michael A Eckhaus
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA
| | - Diana Haines
- Pathology Section, Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA
| | - Piyush K Agarwal
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD - 20892, USA.
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Kumari P, Jain S, Ghosh B, Zorin V, Biswas S. Polylactide-Based Block Copolymeric Micelles Loaded with Chlorin e6 for Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Evaluation in Monolayer and 3D Spheroid Models. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3789-3800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science—Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Shreya Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science—Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science—Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Vladimir Zorin
- Department
of Biophysics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science—Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
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18
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Railkar R, Krane LS, Li QQ, Sanford T, Siddiqui MR, Haines D, Vourganti S, Brancato SJ, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H, Agarwal PK. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-targeted Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) for the Treatment of EGFR-expressing Bladder Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2201-2214. [PMID: 28619755 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of light as a means of therapy for bladder cancer has a long history but has been hampered by a lack of tumor specificity and therefore, damage to the normal bladder mucosa. Here, we describe a targeted form of phototherapy called photoimmunotherapy (PIT), which targets EGFR-expressing bladder cancer. Anti-EGFR antibody panitumumab was labeled with the photoabsorber (PA), IRDye 700Dx (IR700), to create a panitumumab-IR700 antibody-PA conjugate that is activated by near-infrared radiation (NIR). Bladder cancer tissue microarray (TMA) and bladder cancer cell lines were analyzed for expression of EGFR. Mechanism of PIT-induced cell death was studied using proliferation assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and production of reactive oxygen species. Finally, the in vivo effect was studied in xenografts. EGFR staining of TMAs showed that while most bladder cancers have expression of EGFR to a varying degree, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) have the highest expression of EGFR. Panitumumab-IR700 activated by NIR light rapidly killed UMUC-5 cells, a bladder SCC line. Panitumumab alone, panitumumab-IR700 without NIR, or NIR alone had no effect on cells. TEM demonstrated that cell death is due to necrosis. Singlet oxygen species contributed toward cell death. NIR-PIT with panitumumab-IR700 reduced growth compared with only panitumumab-IR700-treated UMUC-5 xenograft tumors. PIT is a new targeted treatment for bladder cancer. Panitumumab-IR700-induced PIT selectively kills EGFR-expressing bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and therefore warrants further therapeutic studies in orthotopic xenografts of bladder cancer and ultimately in patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2201-14. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Railkar
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - L Spencer Krane
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Q Quentin Li
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas Sanford
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mohammad Rashid Siddiqui
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diana Haines
- Pathology Section, Pathology/Histotechnology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Srinivas Vourganti
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sam J Brancato
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Piyush K Agarwal
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Debele TA, Peng S, Tsai HC. Drug Carrier for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22094-136. [PMID: 26389879 PMCID: PMC4613299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive combinatorial therapeutic modality using light, photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. When PSs in cells are exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they are transformed from the singlet ground state (S₀) to an excited singlet state (S₁-Sn), followed by intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state (T₁). The energy transferred from T₁ to biological substrates and molecular oxygen, via type I and II reactions, generates reactive oxygen species, (¹O₂, H₂O₂, O₂*, HO*), which causes cellular damage that leads to tumor cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The solubility, selectivity, and targeting of photosensitizers are important factors that must be considered in PDT. Nano-formulating PSs with organic and inorganic nanoparticles poses as potential strategy to satisfy the requirements of an ideal PDT system. In this review, we summarize several organic and inorganic PS carriers that have been studied to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Ayane Debele
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sydney Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Neuhaus J, Schastak S, Berndt M, Walther J, Dietel A, Sieger N, Stolzenburg JU. [Photodynamic therapy of bladder cancer. A new option]. Urologe A 2014; 52:1225-32. [PMID: 24026059 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-013-3306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is the third most common tumor in Germany. Currently, resection therapy for superficial BCa (Ta, CIS) includes photodynamic diagnostics (PDD) using HEXVIX® for improved assessment of tumor spread. Trials using these photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) showed only limited success. Especially low tissue penetration due to short-wave excitation was a limiting factor. METHODS This study which was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) examined the feasibility of the novel photosensitizer tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylate (THPTS) for PDT in a rat bladder cancer model. RESULTS As THPTS is very effectively excitable at a near infrared wavelength of 760 nm it is within the so-called phototherapeutic window and allows tissue penetration of up to 15 mm. Thus THPTS can also be used for PDT of larger, solid tumors as was previously demonstrated for other tumor entities. Therefore, effective treatment of even muscle-invasive bladder cancer (≥T2) may become an option using THPTS. In this current study the effectiveness and safety of THPTS-PDT was examined in an orthotopic bladder cancer rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Neuhaus
- Department für Operative Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland,
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Chutoprapat R, Chan LW, Heng PWS. Ex-vivo permeation study of chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone complexes through the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:943-53. [PMID: 24697155 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the hydrophilic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the ex-vivo permeability of the poorly water-soluble photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6) using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. METHODS The CAM was removed from the fertilized chicken egg at embryo age of 15 days. The permeation profiles of Ce6 and PVP complexes (Ce6-PVP) at 1:0, 1:1, 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100 w/w in different pH conditions were first studied using the CAM model with Franz diffusion cell over 8 h. The solution viscosity of the formulations and apparent solubility of Ce6 were also investigated. KEY FINDINGS The permeability of Ce6 was found to be directly proportional to the amount of PVP used and the apparent solubility of Ce6. Permeability was only marginally affected by the solution viscosity of the formulations. The permeability of Ce6 was lowered in the acidic pH. Ce6-PVP at 1:100 w/w gave the highest percentage release of Ce6 across the CAM, with 23% at pH 3 and 55% at pH 7.4, after 8 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present work suggests that PVP had served as penetration enhancer for the poorly water-soluble Ce6 and the CAM can serve as a useful biological membrane model for preclinical permeability study of biological and pharmaceutical substances. The Ce6-PVP formulation at 1:100 w/w can be applied for the further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romchat Chutoprapat
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for recurrent, high grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer refractory or intolerant to bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy. J Urol 2013; 190:1192-9. [PMID: 23648222 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using Radachlorin in patients with high grade, nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer refractory or intolerant to bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy who refused radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between July 2009 and December 2011 photodynamic therapy was performed in 22 men and 12 women. Radachlorin (0.5 to 0.6 mg/kg) was injected intravenously 2 to 3 hours before photodynamic therapy. After complete transurethral resection, a diffuser using a 22Fr cystoscope was placed in the bladder for irradiation with a 662 nm laser. Output beam power was adjusted to 1.8 W and the light dose was 15 J/cm(2). Photodynamic therapy was performed for 16 to 30 minutes. Recurrence after photodynamic therapy was followed by regular cystoscopy at 1, 2 and 3 months, and at 3-month intervals thereafter for up to 2.8 years. Efficacy was assessed by cystoscopy, cytology and histology, and defined as the number of patients who were tumor free after initial photodynamic therapy. RESULTS Mean ± SD patient age was 62.94 ± 8.71 years. Average followup was 26.74 ± 6.34 months (median 28.12). As the primary efficacy outcome, the recurrence-free rate was 90.9% at 12 months, 64.4% at 24 months and 60.1% at 30 months. As the secondary efficacy outcome, there was no statistical difference in mass size, carcinoma in situ, number of previous bacillus Calmette-Guérin administrations, number of transurethral bladder resections or tumor multiplicity on Kaplan-Meier analysis (each p >0.05). No evidence of severe adverse effects was detected after photodynamic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy with Radachlorin is a safe, effective treatment for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer refractory or intolerant to bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in select patients.
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Szliszka E, Czuba ZP, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Sieron-Stoltny K, Sieron A, Krol W. Chlorin-based photodynamic therapy enhances the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in bladder cancer cells. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR47-53. [PMID: 22207109 PMCID: PMC3560668 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive, emerging therapeutic procedure suitable for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand that belongs to the TNF superfamily of cytokines. The ability of TRAIL to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells promotes the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapy. However, many tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The purpose of the study was to overcome TRAIL-resistance in bladder cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Material/Methods Three human bladder transitional cancer cell lines – T24, 647V and SW780 – were treated with TRAIL and/or chlorin-based PDT. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and LDH assays and apoptosis was detected using annexin V by flow cytometry. Results Our test confirmed that T24 and 647V bladder cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL, whereas SW780 cells are sensitive to TRAIL. Then we examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL in combination with chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ce6-PVP)-mediated PDT on bladder cancer cells. We showed for the first time that pretreatment with a low dose of PDT significantly sensitizes bladder cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Chlorin-based PDT augments the effect of TRAIL on bladder cancer cells. Conclusions PDT with Ce6-PVP photosensitizer enhances the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL on bladder cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that combined treatment by TRAIL and PDT may provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach to induce cell death in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szliszka
- Chair and Department of Microbiology and Immunology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Bozzini G, Colin P, Betrouni N, Nevoux P, Ouzzane A, Puech P, Villers A, Mordon S. Photodynamic therapy in urology: what can we do now and where are we heading? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012; 9:261-73. [PMID: 22959806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative technique in oncologic urology. Its application appears increasingly realistic to all kind of cancers with technological progress made in treatment planning and light delivery associated with the emergence of novel photosensitizers. The aim of this study is to review applications of this technique in urology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the literature on PDT for urological malignancies with the following key words: photodynamic therapy, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, urothelial cancer, penile cancer and then by cross-referencing from previously identified studies. RESULTS Focal therapy of prostate cancer is an application of PDT. Clinical studies are ongoing to determine PDT efficacy and safety. PDT as salvage treatment after radiotherapy has been tested. Oncologic results were promising but important side effects were reported. Individual dosimetric planning is necessary to avoid toxicity. PDT was tested to treat superficial bladder carcinoma with promising oncologic results. Serious side effects have limited use of first photosensitizers generation. Second generation of photosensitizer allowed reducing morbidity. For upper urinary tract carcinoma and urethra, data are limited. Few studies described PDT application in penile oncology for conservative management of carcinoma in situ and premalignant lesions. For renal cancer, PDT was only tested on preclinical model despite of its potential application. No data is available concerning PDT application for testicular cancer. CONCLUSION PDT clinical applications in urology have proved a kind of efficiency balanced with an important morbidity. Development of new photosensitizer generations and improvement in illumination protocols should permit to decrease side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bozzini
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, avenue oscar lambret, Lille, France. bozzini
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Yates DR, Rouprêt M. Contemporary management of patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer who fail intravesical BCG therapy. World J Urol 2011; 29:415-22. [PMID: 21544661 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-011-0681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is advocated that patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) receive an adjuvant course of intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as first-line treatment. However, a substantial proportion of patients will 'fail' BCG, either early with persistent (refractory) disease or recur late after a long disease-free interval (relapsing). Guideline recommendation in the 'refractory' setting is radical cystectomy, but there are situations when extirpative surgery is not feasible due to competing co-morbidity, a patient's desire for bladder preservation or reluctance to undergo surgery. In this review, we discuss the contemporary management of NMIBC in patients who have failed prior BCG and are not suitable for radical surgery and highlight the potential options available. These options can be categorised as immunotherapy, chemotherapy, device-assisted therapy and combination therapy. However, the current data are still inadequate to formulate definitive recommendations, and data from ongoing trials and maturing studies will give us an insight into whether there is a realistic efficacious second-line treatment for patients who fail intravesical BCG but are not candidates for definitive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Yates
- Academic Department of Urology of la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris VI, Faculte de Medicine Pierre et Marie Curie and CeRePP, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Prostatiques, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
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