1
|
Qiao S, Qiao S, Jiang G. Two-step irradiance schedule for condyloma acuminatum and the influencing factors of analgesic effect: A prospective randomized study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:373-381. [PMID: 34964167 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two-step irradiance schedule in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment method with a remarkable analgesic effect. We evaluated the influencing factors of pain in condyloma acuminate (CA) treatment with a two-step irradiance schedule. METHODS All patients were randomly divided into a two-step irradiance group and control group. The two-step irradiance group used 40 mW/cm2 for the first 8min, followed by 80 mW/cm2 for 16 min, while the control group used 80 mW/cm2 for 20 min. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores and pain-influencing factors were recorded accordingly. RESULTS In the two-step irradiance and control groups, 64 and 63 patients completed the treatment, respectively. The NRS scores of the two-step irradiance group were significantly lower than that of the control group (p < .001), with a low fluence rate inducing less pain compared with a high fluence rate (p < .001). Moreover, when the total fluence accumulated to 57.6 J/cm2 , the pain experienced by patients reached its peak. The NRS score of the urethral orifice group was the highest, and the male external genitalia group was the lowest. The NRS score was at its lowest in the first session and highest in the second session. There was a linear relationship between pain and wart size. Among these influencing factors, the fluence rate had the greatest impact on pain. CONCLUSION The two-step irradiance schedule provides better analgesic effects than standard treatment irradiation while showing similar treatment efficacy. Factors that influence pain include high fluence rate, CA at the urethral orifice, second therapy session, wart size, and the interval between CO2 laser and ALA-PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuyun Qiao
- Department of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salimi M, Mosca S, Gardner B, Palombo F, Matousek P, Stone N. Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Therapy Limitation in Clinical Applications Regarding Pain Management. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:922. [PMID: 35335735 PMCID: PMC8951621 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of new effective cancer treatment methods has attracted much attention, mainly due to the limited efficacy and considerable side effects of currently used cancer treatment methods such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Photothermal therapy based on the use of plasmonically resonant metallic nanoparticles has emerged as a promising technique to eradicate cancer cells selectively. In this method, plasmonic nanoparticles are first preferentially uptaken by a tumor and then selectively heated by exposure to laser radiation with a specific plasmonic resonant wavelength, to destroy the tumor whilst minimizing damage to adjacent normal tissue. However, several parameters can limit the effectiveness of photothermal therapy, resulting in insufficient heating and potentially leading to cancer recurrence. One of these parameters is the patient's pain sensation during the treatment, if this is performed without use of anesthetic. Pain can restrict the level of applicable laser radiation, cause an interruption to the treatment course and, as such, affect its efficacy, as well as leading to a negative patient experience and consequential general population hesitancy to this type of therapy. Since having a comfortable and painless procedure is one of the important treatment goals in the clinic, along with its high effectiveness, and due to the relatively low number of studies devoted to this specific topic, we have compiled this review. Moreover, non-invasive and painless methods for temperature measurement during photothermal therapy (PTT), such as Raman spectroscopy and nanothermometry, will be discussed in the following. Here, we firstly outline the physical phenomena underlying the photothermal therapy, and then discuss studies devoted to photothermal cancer treatment concerning pain management and pathways for improved efficiency of photothermal therapy whilst minimizing pain experienced by the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Salimi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Sara Mosca
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, The Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK;
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Palombo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Pavel Matousek
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, The Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Research and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK;
| | - Nicholas Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; (M.S.); (B.G.); (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
What is the most relevent factor causing pain during ALA-PDT? A multi-center, open clinical pain score research trial of actinic keratosis, acne and condylomata acuminata. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:73-78. [PMID: 30836211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, it has been reported that the intrinsic factors(lesions location, lesions area, disease tynpes) and extrinsic factors(fluence rate) contribute to the pain during 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). But there are few studies on pain during ALA-PDT and lack of sufficient clinical evidence related to the pain intensity. OBJECTIVE To investigate pain intensity and its relative factors during ALA-PDT and to provide clinical implication. METHODS The pain numeric rating scale (PNRS) score was used to evaluate the patients' pain intensity at different times during ALA-PDT irradiation from 0 to 10 min during treatment. Gender, age, lesions location, lesions area, ALA concentration and fluence rate were recored. RESULTS The trial enrolled 274 patients in total, including 118 acne patients (in face), 30 actinic keratosis(AK)patients(in face), 126 Condylomatata acuminate patients(in genitalia). The average pain score in PDT was highest in the patients with actinic keratosis(7.3 ± 0.7), and that of condylomata acuminata was the lowest (4.5 ± 1.1) (p < 0.05). The highest pain score in patients with AK, acne and condylomata acuminata was 8, 6 and 6 respectively which occurred at 4 min, 4 min and 6 min respectively. The pain score of males was higher compared with females in all of the three diseases (p < 0.05). The pain score of facial diseases (5.6 ± 1.2) was higher than that of the genitalia (4.5 ± 1.1) (p < 0.05). The lesions area was positively correlated with the pain score (p < 0.05). In facial diseases, the pain score of patients with high fluence rate (7.3 ± 0.7) was higher than patients with low fluence rate (5.1 ± 0.9) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intrinsic and extrinsic factors both correlate with pain during PDT. Intrinsic factors are difficult to change, so extrinsic factors are the key point to control. We can reduce the fluence rate and extend the treatment time, relieving pain intensity while still ensuring equivalent efficacy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ibbotson S, Wong T, Morton C, Collier N, Haylett A, McKenna K, Mallipeddi R, Moseley H, Rhodes L, Seukeran D, Ward K, Mohd Mustapa M, Exton L. Adverse effects of topical photodynamic therapy: a consensus review and approach to management. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:715-729. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.H. Ibbotson
- Photobiology Unit Department of Dermatology University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K
| | - T.H. Wong
- Stirling Community Hospital StirlingU.K
| | | | - N.J. Collier
- Photobiology Unit Dermatology Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust ManchesterU.K
| | - A. Haylett
- Photobiology Unit Dermatology Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust ManchesterU.K
| | - K.E. McKenna
- Department of Dermatology Belfast City Hospital BelfastU.K
| | - R. Mallipeddi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London U.K
| | - H. Moseley
- Photobiology Unit Department of Dermatology University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Dundee U.K
| | - L.E. Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit Dermatology Centre University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust ManchesterU.K
| | | | | | | | - L.S. Exton
- British Association of Dermatologists London U.K
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eugenia EM, Ángel PM, Anabella G, Solange B, Carlos P, Horacio P, Mario G. Photodynamic therapy in fibrosarcoma BALB/c animal model: Observation of the rebound effect. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 21:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
6
|
Early and Late Onset Side Effects of Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010012. [PMID: 29382133 PMCID: PMC5874669 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment successfully used for neoplastic, inflammatory and infectious skin diseases. One of its strengths is represented by the high safety profile, even in elderly and/or immuno-depressed subjects. PDT, however, may induce early and late onset side effects. Erythema, pain, burns, edema, itching, desquamation, and pustular formation, often in association with each other, are frequently observed in course of exposure to the light source and in the hours/days immediately after the therapy. In particular, pain is a clinically relevant short-term complication that also reduces long-term patient satisfaction. Rare complications are urticaria, contact dermatitis at the site of application of the photosensitizer, and erosive pustular dermatosis. Debated is the relationship between PDT and carcinogenesis: the eruptive appearance of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in previously treated areas has been correlated to a condition of local and/or systemic immunosuppression or to the selection of PDT-resistant SCC. Here we review the literature, with particular emphasis to the pathogenic hypotheses underlying these observations.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang B, Wang P, Zhang G, Wang X. Topical 5-aminolevulinic photodynamic therapy with red light vs intense pulsed light for the treatment of acne vulgaris: A spilit face, randomized, prospective study. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:e1375634. [PMID: 29410722 PMCID: PMC5796796 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1375634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been an effective method for treating acne vulgaris. Red light is the most widely used light source while Intense pulsed lights (IPL) is reported effective and well-tolerated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of ALA-PDT with red light on acne compared with ALA-PDT with IPL.12 patients were recruited in the randomized, prospective and split-face study. 5% ALA cream were applied on the whole face with 2 hours' incubation before narrow band LED(633 ± 10 nm, 36 ∼ 108J/cm2) on one side of face and IPL(590∼1200 nm, 15∼17J/cm2) on the other side. Three treatment sessions were administered with 2-week interval each time and 8 weeks' follow up. The number of the total acne lesions and inflammatory lesions of the side treated by red light-PDT showed a relatively higher reduction rate that that by IPL-PDT (P < 0.05). Significant PpIX fluorescence decrease was observed only for the group of red light (P < 0.05). Lower pain intensity numeric rating scale values and Investigator's Global Severity Assessment (IGA) grading for erythema of the IPL side were observed (P<0.05).The results suggested that both red light and IPL are effective for ALA-PDT on acne vulgaris. ALA-PDT with red light may achieve better efficacy by more effective photobleaching of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), whereas IPL may accomplish less adverse reactions and better tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linglin Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang B, Shi L, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Zheng J, Szeimies R, Wang X. Gain with no pain? Pain management in dermatological photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:656-665. [PMID: 28122416 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- Department of Dermatology Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - L. Shi
- Institute of Photomedicine Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine 1278 Baode Road Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Y.F. Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine 1278 Baode Road Shanghai 200443 China
| | - Q. Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine 1278 Baode Road Shanghai 200443 China
| | - J. Zheng
- Department of Dermatology Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - R.M. Szeimies
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Vest Clinic Recklinghausen Germany
| | - X.L. Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine 1278 Baode Road Shanghai 200443 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of PpIX photoproducts formation on pO 2 measurement by time-resolved delayed fluorescence spectroscopy of PpIX in solution and in vivo. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:49-56. [PMID: 27643984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of Protoporphyrin IX delayed fluorescence lifetime is a minimally invasive method for monitoring the levels of oxygen in cells and tissues. The excitation of Protoporphyrin IX during this measurement can lead to the formation of photoproducts in vitro and in vivo. The influence of their luminescence on the measured Protoporphyrin IX delayed fluorescence lifetimes was studied in solution and in vivo on the Chick's chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model under various oxygen enriched air conditions (0mmHg, 37mmHg and 155mmHg). The presence of photoproducts disturbs such measurements since the delayed fluorescence emission of some of them spectrally overlaps with that of Protoporphyrin IX. One possible way to avoid this obstacle is to detect Protoporphyrin IX's delayed fluorescence lifetime in a very specific spectral range (620-640nm). Another possibility is to excite Protoporphyrin IX with light doses much lower than 10J/cm2, quite possibly as low as a fraction 1J/cm2 at 405nm. This leads to an increased accuracy of pO2 detection. Furthermore, this method allows combination of diagnosis and therapy in one step. This helps to improve detection systems and real-time identification of tissue respiration, which is tuned for the detection of PpIX luminescence and not its photoproducts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang CH, Lin YH, Li CR, Chang CM, Hung CW, Chang HC. Developing a dermatological photodiagnosis system by optical image analyses and in vivo study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:100-4. [PMID: 27318114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dermatological photodynamic therapy (DPDT) involves using systematic photosensitizers in combination with light irradiation treatment to eliminate cancer cells. Therefore, a noninvasive fluorescence photodiagnosis system is critical in DPDT for diagnosing target tissues and demarcating the margin of normal tissues. This study proposes a 375-nm ring LED light module in fluorescence imaging for DPDT applications. Image reproducibility (I.R.) and image interference (I.I.) analysis were performed. The results showed that the I.R. value of this fluorescence diagnostic system was higher than 99.0%, and the I.I. from external light sources was lower than 3.0%. In addition, the result of an in vivo study showed that the Chlorin e6 red fluorescence and the scope of distribution of B16-F10 melanoma cells in a mouse ear's vein could be measured clearly using our device; however, the comparison studio with 395-nm LED lights could not focus or capture the red fluorescence effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsing Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Departments of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ru Li
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Chang
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hung
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chao Chang
- Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gerber PA. Topical brimonidine tartrate 0·33% gel effectively reduces the post-treatment erythema of daylight-activated photodynamic therapy. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:1422-3. [PMID: 26727630 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nissen CV, Wiegell SR, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. Short-term chemical pretreatment cannot replace curettage in photodynamic therapy. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2016; 32:146-52. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer V. Nissen
- Department of Dermatology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
| | - Stine Regin Wiegell
- Department of Dermatology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
| | - Peter Alshede Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology; Bispebjerg Hospital; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen NV Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Topical PDT in the Treatment of Benign Skin Diseases: Principles and New Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:23259-78. [PMID: 26404243 PMCID: PMC4632697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161023259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a photosensitizer, light energy, and molecular oxygen to cause cell damage. Cells exposed to the photosensitizer are susceptible to destruction upon light absorption because excitation of the photosensitizing agents leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and, subsequently, direct cytotoxicity. Using the intrinsic cellular heme biosynthetic pathway, topical PDT selectively targets abnormal cells, while preserving normal surrounding tissues. This selective cytotoxic effect is the basis for the use of PDT in antitumor treatment. Clinically, PDT is a widely used therapeutic regimen for oncologic skin conditions such as actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and basal cell carcinoma. PDT has been shown, under certain circumstances, to stimulate the immune system and produce antibacterial, and/or regenerative effects while protecting cell viability. Thus, it may be useful for treating benign skin conditions. An increasing number of studies support the idea that PDT may be effective for treating acne vulgaris and several other inflammatory/infective skin diseases, including psoriasis, rosacea, viral warts, and aging-related changes. This review provides an overview of the clinical investigations of PDT and discusses each of the essential aspects of the sequence: its mechanism of action, common photosensitizers, light sources, and clinical applications in dermatology. Of the numerous clinical trials of PDT in dermatology, this review focuses on those studies that have reported remarkable therapeutic benefits following topical PDT for benign skin conditions such as acne vulgaris, viral warts, and photorejuvenation without causing severe side effects.
Collapse
|
14
|
Su S, Wang J, Wei J, Martínez-Zaguilán R, Qiu J, Wang S. Efficient photothermal therapy of brain cancer through porphyrin functionalized graphene oxide. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High photothermal therapy efficiency is achieved by using an 808 nm laser to irradiate 87-MG cells co-cultured with porphyrin functionalized graphene oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siheng Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Jilong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Junhua Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | | | - Jingjing Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Shiren Wang
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Piffaretti F, Zellweger M, Kasraee B, Barge J, Salomon D, van den Bergh H, Wagnières G. Correlation between Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence Intensity, Photobleaching, Pain and Clinical Outcome of Actinic Keratosis Treated by Photodynamic Therapy. Dermatology 2013; 227:214-25. [DOI: 10.1159/000353775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|