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Helmi M. Knowledge and application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy among restorative dentist in Saudi Arabia. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103679. [PMID: 37380113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to identify the restorative dentist, knowledge and application of Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dental practice; and to provide an overview of the potential challenges faced by restorative dentists (RD) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A 15-item cross sectional study questionnaire was distributed through online portal to assess the knowledge, and practice of RD towards aPDT and its practice. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections, exploring the demographics of participants, knowledge, application and perception of aPDT using yes/no response and Likert scale. Response means, frequencies, and chi-square tests to compare subgroups based on gender, education level, and practice experience. RESULTS Out of 500 participants, 375 completed the survey forms (75% response rate). The majority was male (68%) with a mean age of 46 years. Respondents demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge (60.5%). Only 33% expressed confidence in aPDT as a standalone treatment, while 67% showed limited referrals to specialists. However, 88.5% expressed interest in receiving training and attending workshops for aPDT therapy. Education and experience significantly influenced overall knowledge question responses (p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Majority of restorative dentists demonstrated a moderate understanding of the role of aPDT in dentistry. More than two thirds of respondents (77%) believed that aPDT is an effective adjuvant therapy. Increased experience (> 10 years) and education (Post-graduates) showed higher application of aPDT. The study reveals the potential for incorporating aPDT knowledge into restorative dental practices, particularly among general dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Helmi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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AlSunbul H, Murriky A. Efficacy of methylene blue and curcumin mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of indirect pulp capping in permanent molar teeth. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103598. [PMID: 37150490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the adhesive bond strength and antibacterial efficacy of methylene blue (MB)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and curcumin (CUR)-mediated aPDT versus the conventional disinfectants, such as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), for indirect pulp capping (IPC) treatment of permanent molars. METHODS One Hundred grossly carious human permanent molars were collected through non-traumatic extraction. All specimens were embedded in polyvinyl cross-sections to the cemento-enamel junction. The cavity preparation was conducted by grinding the samples using silicon carbide discs. After culturing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a 10 µL of S. mutans suspension (106 colony forming units/mL) was transferred in each tooth cavity and anaerobically incubated for 48 hours at 37°C. All specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group-I: samples treated IPC; Group-II: samples treated with 2% CHX gel; Group-III: samples treated with 6% NaOCl; Group-IV: irradiation of prepared cavity with MB-mediated aPDT; and Group-V: irradiation of prepared cavity with CUR-mediated aPDT. After disinfection methods, the universal adhesive was used, and all specimens were restored using giomer. Eventually, confocal laser scanning microscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), four-point bending strength (4P-BS) analyses were performed, and the data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS At baseline, the highest SBS (48.8 ± 6.5 MPa), μTBS (54.3 ± 3.9 MPa), and 4P-BS (123 ± 32 MPa) scores were demonstrated by the samples treated with MB-mediated aPDT. However, after 12 months of storage, the highest SBS (42.3 ± 3.9 MPa) and μTBS (45.2 ± 6.6 MPa) scores were shown by samples treated with MB-mediated aPDT, while CUR-mediated aPDT treated samples demonstrated the highest 4P-BS scores (70 ± 18 MPa). Moreover, the highest antibacterial activity against S. mutans was shown by the samples treated with MB-mediated aPDT. CONCLUSIONS The application of aPDT, especially MB-mediated, demonstrated superior SBS, μTBS, and 4P-BS values as well as antibacterial activity against S. mutans as compared to 2% CHX gel and 6% NaOCl as cavity disinfectants for IPC treatment of permanent molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan AlSunbul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afraa Murriky
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Er O, Ag S, Ha M, Mb R, Mmc M, Mr G, Lpf A. RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL FOR EVALUATION OF EFFICACY AND PAIN DURING PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR ACTINIC KERATOSIS OF FACE AND SCALP COMPARING TWO IRRADIATION PROTOCOLS. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102623. [PMID: 34775065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a frequent adverse event during photodynamic therapy, which can limit treatment acceptance. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and pain during photodynamic therapy with two irradiation protocols in patients with actinic keratosis on the face and scalp. METHODS In this intra-patient randomized controlled trial, participants were randomly allocated to receive photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate and red light on the right or left side with protocol 1 (irradiation device in contact with the skin) and protocol 2 (device 3 cm away from the skin). There was a 15-day interval between the protocols. The primary outcome was the frequency of mean intensity of moderate or severe pain during photodynamic therapy. Secondary outcomes were actinic keratosis clearance rate, protoporphyrin IX consumption, participant preference, skin appearance, and adverse events. RESULTS Forty-one participants were included, yielding 47 and 50 randomized sites for protocols 1 and 2. There was no difference in the frequency of moderate and severe pain, with a relative risk of 1.09 (95% CI 0.70-1.70), p>0.05. An actinic keratosis count reduction >60% was observed in both protocols (p<0.01), with no difference between them. There was no difference in protoporphyrin IX consumption. Most treated sites were of good to excellent quality. There was a greater patient preference for protocol 2 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The pain intensity was similar between the protocols, and the protocols were equally effective for actinic keratosis clearance, protoporphyrin IX consumption, and improvement in the quality of the treated areas. Both protocols can be considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliveira Er
- Skin Department of Amaral Carvalho Hospital, Jahu, SP, Brazil
| | - Salvio Ag
- Skin Department of Amaral Carvalho Hospital, Jahu, SP, Brazil
| | - Miot Ha
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Requena Mb
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Medeiros Mmc
- Skin Department of Amaral Carvalho Hospital, Jahu, SP, Brazil
| | - Garcia Mr
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Abbade Lpf
- Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Sadraeian M, Bahou C, da Cruz EF, Janini LMR, Sobhie Diaz R, Boyle RW, Chudasama V, Eduardo Gontijo Guimarães F. Photoimmunotherapy Using Cationic and Anionic Photosensitizer-Antibody Conjugates against HIV Env-Expressing Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9151. [PMID: 33271741 PMCID: PMC7730620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different therapeutic strategies have been investigated to target and eliminate HIV-1-infected cells by using armed antibodies specific to viral proteins, with varying degrees of success. Herein, we propose a new strategy by combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with HIV Env-targeted immunotherapy, and refer to it as HIV photoimmunotherapy (PIT). A human anti-gp41 antibody (7B2) was conjugated to two photosensitizers (PSs) with different charges through different linking strategies; "Click" conjugation by using an azide-bearing porphyrin attached via a disulfide bridge linker with a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of exactly 4, and "Lysine" conjugation by using phthalocyanine IRDye 700DX dye with average DARs of 2.1, 3.0 and 4.4. These photo-immunoconjugates (PICs) were compared via biochemical and immunological characterizations regarding the dosimetry, solubility, and cell targeting. Photo-induced cytotoxicity of the PICs were compared using assays for apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), photo-cytotoxicity, and confocal microscopy. Targeted phototoxicity seems to be primarily dependent on the binding of PS-antibody to the HIV antigen on the cell membrane, whilst being independent of the PS type. This is the first report of the application of PIT for HIV immunotherapy by killing HIV Env-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadraeian
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil;
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
| | - Edgar Ferreira da Cruz
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Luíz Mário Ramos Janini
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Laboratório de Retrovirologia, Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil; (E.F.d.C.); (L.M.R.J.); (R.S.D.)
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK;
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Sánchez V, Garcia MR, Requena MB, Romano RA, de Boni L, Guimarães FEG, Pratavieira S. Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Protoporphyrin IX Photodegradation Using Multi-Wavelength Light Sources. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:1208-1214. [PMID: 32668506 DOI: 10.1111/php.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic procedures have been used in many applications, ranging from cancer treatment to microorganism inactivation. Photodynamic reactions start with the activation of a photosensitizing molecule with light, leading to the production of cytotoxic molecules that promote cell death. However, establishing the correct light and photosensitizer dosimetry for a broadband light source remains challenging. In this study, we proposed a theoretical mathematical model for the photodegradation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), when irradiated by multi-wavelength light sources. The theoretical model predicts the experimental photobleaching (temporal change in PpIX concentration) of PpIX for different light sources. We showed that photobleaching occurs independently of the light source wavelengths but instead depends only on the number of absorbed photons. The model presented here can be used as an important mathematical approach to better understand current photodynamic therapy protocols and help achieve optimization of the doses delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Sánchez
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renan Arnon Romano
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Boni
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Garcia MR, Requena MB, Pratavieira S, Moriyama LT, Becker M, Bagnato VS, Kurachi C, Magalhães DV. Development of a system to treat and online monitor photodynamic therapy of skin cancer using PpIX near-infrared fluorescence. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buzzá HH, Moriyama LT, Vollet-Filho JD, Inada NM, da Silva AP, Stringasci MD, Requena MB, de Andrade CT, Blanco KC, Ramirez DP, Kurachi C, Salvio AG, Bagnato VS. Overall Results for a National Program of Photodynamic Therapy for Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Clinical Study to Bring New Techniques to Social Health Care. Cancer Control 2019; 26:1073274819856885. [PMID: 31242758 PMCID: PMC6598334 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819856885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Along the past years, a national program to implement photodynamic therapy (PDT) for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was performed over the Brazilian territory. Using a strategy involving companies, national bank, and medical partners, equipment, medication, and protocols were tested in a multicenter study. With results collected over 6 years, we could reach a great deal of advances concerning the use of PDT for skin cancer. We present the overall reached results of the program and discuss several aspects about it, including public politics of treatment. A discussion about advantages of this technique within conditions of health care is placed, comparing PDT with surgery, including an analysis about the implementation of PDT in countries in development as Brazil, considering not only technical but social aspects, as the distribution of medical doctor in the Brazilian territory. The program resulted in a huge dissemination of PDT in Brazil and many countries in Latin America, in a partnership among public politics, universities, companies, and hospitals and clinics and in the insertion of national technologies as option to treat NMSC. Consequence of the program is mainly the continuation of the use of PDT in Brazil and many countries in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Harb Buzzá
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Tan Moriyama
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Mayumi Inada
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula da Silva
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kate C Blanco
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dora Patricia Ramirez
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- 1 São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vohra F, Bukhari IA, Sheikh SA, Albaijan R, Qureshi AH, Arif Z, Akram Z. Knowledge, behavior and attitudes of dental practitioners towards photodynamic therapy use in dental practice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:221-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Buzalewicz I, Hołowacz I, Ulatowska-Jarża A, Podbielska H. Towards dosimetry for photodynamic diagnosis with the low-level dose of photosensitizer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28641204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contemporary medicine does not concern the issue of dosimetry in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) but follows the photosensitizer (PS) producers recommendation. Most preclinical and clinical PDD studies indicate a considerable variation in the possibility of visualization and treatment, as e.g. in case of cervix lesions. Although some of these variations can be caused by the different histological subtypes or various tumor geometries, the issue of varying PS concentration in the tumor tissue volume is definitely an important factor. Therefore, there is a need to establish the objective and systematic PDD dosimetry protocol regarding doses of light and photosensitizers. METHODS Four different irradiation sources investigated in PDD (literature) were used for PS excitation. The PS luminescence was examined by means of the non-imaging (spectroscopic) and imaging (wide- and narrow-field of view) techniques. The methodology for low-level intensity photoluminescence (PL) characterization and dedicated image processing algorithm for PS luminescence images analysis were proposed. Further, HeLa cells' cultures penetration by PS was studied by a confocal microscopy. RESULTS Reducing the PS dose with the choice of proper photoexcitation conditions decreases the PDD procedure costs and the side effects, not affecting the diagnostic efficiency. We determined in vitro the minimum incubation time and photosensitizer concentration of Photolon for diagnostic purposes, for which the Photolon PL can still be observed. It was demonstrated that quantification of PS concentration, choice of proper photoexcitation source, appropriate adjustment of light dose and PS penetration of cancer cells may improve the low-level luminescence photodynamic diagnostics performance. CONCLUSIONS Practical effectiveness of the PDD strongly depends on irradiation source parameters (bandwidth, maximum intensity, half-width) and their optimization is the main conditioning factor for low-level intensity and low-cost PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Buzalewicz
- Bio-Optics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Hołowacz
- Bio-Optics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ulatowska-Jarża
- Bio-Optics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Halina Podbielska
- Bio-Optics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Soumya M, Gayathri Devi D, Shafeekh K, Das S, Abraham A. Photodynamic therapeutic efficacy of symmetrical diiodinated squaraine in in vivo skin cancer models. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:302-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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