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Shi J, Huang J, Yang D, Xiao L, Wang H. Successful application of ALA-PDT in rare cutaneous infection of Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103604. [PMID: 37187272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Skin infections caused by Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum (MP) are extremely rare in clinical practice. In view of its potential hazard of spreading to systemic infection, correct diagnosis and effective treatment are extremely important. Due to the highly similar appearance of lymphangitic sporotrichosis (LS) and swimming pool granuloma (SPG) caused by Mycobacterium marinum (MM), MP infection is easily misdiagnosed as the above two skin diseases. Here, we report successful application of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in the treatment of a rare case of upper limb skin MP infection, providing reference for more safe and efficient disposal of such cases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Degang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, 221 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Wang X, Wang X, Lei X, He Y, Xiao T. Photodynamic therapy: a new approach to the treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103645. [PMID: 37270047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections are rising and are causing social concern due to the growth of cosmetic dermatology and immune-compromised populations. For the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria, several novel strategies have been investigated. One of them, photodynamic therapy, is a recently developed therapeutic strategy that has shown promise in managing nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections. In this review, we first present an overview of the current status of the therapy and then summarize and analyze the cases of photodynamic therapy used to treat nontuberculous mycobacterial skin and soft tissue infections. We also discussed the feasibility of photodynamic therapy for treating nontuberculous mycobacterial skin soft tissue infections and the related mechanisms, providing a potential new option for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN.
| | - Yongqing He
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
| | - Tianzhen Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, CN
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Mathematical modelling for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolaevulinic acid: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103116. [PMID: 36100198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is a promising alternative to antibiotic therapy. ALA administration induces protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation in bacteria, and light excitation of the accumulated PpIX generates singlet oxygen to bacterial toxicity. Several factors, including drug administration and light irradiation conditions, contribute to the antibiotic effect. Such multiple parameters should be determined moderately for effective aPDT in clinical practice. METHODS A mathematical model to predict bacterial dynamics in ALA-aPDT following clinical conditions was constructed. Applying a pharmacokineticspharmacodynamics (PK-PD) approach, which is widely used in antimicrobial drug evaluation, viable bacteria count by defining the bactericidal rate as the concentration of singlet oxygen produced when PpIX in bacteria is irradiated by light. RESULTS The in vitro experimental results of ALA-aPDT for Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated the PK-PD model validity. The killing rate has an upper limit, and the lower power density for a long irradiation time can suppress the viable bacteria number when the light dosages are the same. CONCLUSIONS This study proposed a model of bacterial viability change in ALA-aPDT based on the PK-PD model and confirmed, by in vitro experiments using PA, that the variation of bacterial viability with light-sensitive substance concentration and light irradiation power densities could be expressed. Further validation of the PK-PD model with other gram negative and gram positive strains will be needed.
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Feng Y, Tonon CC, Hasan T. Dramatic destruction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections with a simple combination of amoxicillin and light-activated methylene blue. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112563. [PMID: 36099788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is and continues to be a leading cause of bacterial infections throughout the world. Given the global dissemination of multi-drug resistant (MDR) S. aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), novel solutions against S. aureus infections are urgently needed. In our study on the interactions between commonly used photosensitizers and antibiotics in the clinic, we discovered that MRSA can be dramatically destroyed by a simple combination of amoxicillin and light-activated methylene blue (MB). METHODS To guide the clinical application of this combination therapy, we quantitatively assessed the interaction between light-activated MB and amoxicillin against S. aureus and its treatment order, dosage, and time length dependence. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of this combination therapy in treating and halting the progression of MRSA infections with the catheter biofilm infection model and the pig skin burn infection model. In the end, we disclosed the antimicrobial mechanisms of this combination therapy to further facilitate its clinical translation. RESULTS Amoxicillin and light-activated MB can mutually boost each other's uptake in S. aureus, producing up to 8 logs of reduction of MRSA infections when they are co-administrated. Such an anti-S. aureus synergy could be triggered with the currently used MB and amoxicillin clinical administration regimens. It is effective against S. aureus pathogens regardless of their antibiotic resistance backgrounds and does not create significant bacterial resistance with five days of continuous applications. It can lead to more than 99% of reduction of S. aureus infections established not only on the medical devices but also on the body surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Possessing a fusion of effectiveness, safety, sustainability, and broad applicability, this simple combination of light-activated MB and amoxicillin can ultimately reform our treatment against MDR S. aureus pathogens including MRSA, significantly alleviating the health and economic burden of S. aureus infections across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Feng
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Miretti M, Juri L, Peralta A, Cosiansi MC, Baumgartner MT, Tempesti TC. Photoinactivation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria using Zn-phthalocyanine loaded into liposomes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 136:102247. [PMID: 35977438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are a heterogeneous group of environmental bacteria and other than the well-known Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae. They could cause localized or disseminated infections. Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium fortuitum are among the most clinically relevant non-tuberculous mycobacteria species. The infections treatment is complex since they are resistant to antituberculosis drugs and the biofilm formation makes them impermeable to several antibiotics. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) constitutes an alternative to eliminate pathogens, principally those antimicrobials resistant. Among explored photosensitizers, phthalocyanines are considered excellent, but with a disadvantage: a lack solubility in aqueous media. Consequently, several nanocarriers have been studied in the last years. In this work, a Zn-phthalocyanine into liposomes was evaluated to photoinactivate M. fortuitum and M. chelonae. The results show a higher photodynamic activity of ZnPc into liposomes respect to solution. Furthermore, M. fortuitum was more sensible to aPDT than M. chelonae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Miretti
- INFIQC (CONICET), Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Leticia Juri
- Laboratorio Regional de Tuberculosis, Hospital Transito Cáceres de Allende, Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Peralta
- Laboratorio Regional de Tuberculosis, Hospital Transito Cáceres de Allende, Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Cosiansi
- Laboratorio Regional de Tuberculosis, Hospital Transito Cáceres de Allende, Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María T Baumgartner
- INFIQC (CONICET), Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tomas C Tempesti
- INFIQC (CONICET), Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Yue C, Wang L, Wang X, Cen R, Chen J, Li L, Yang W, Tan Y, Lei X. In vitro study of the effect of ALA-PDT on Mycobacterium abscessus and its antibiotic susceptibility. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102802. [PMID: 35297368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is extremely difficult to treat in clinical practice. PDT (photodynamic therapy) is a promising antibacterial treatment. We evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a photosensitizer on M. abscessus and its antibiotic resistance in this study. METHODS M. abscessus and biofilm were treated with different concentrations of ALA and then irradiated with LED light (635 nm, 80 J/cm2), while there were ALA-only group, light-only group, and negative control group. The effects were observed by colony counting, crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The changes of drug susceptibility of M. abscessus at sublethal doses were detected by micro-broth dilution method, and the possible mechanism was explored by fluorometer and real-time fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS ALA-PDT showed a significant killing effect on M. abscessus at ALA concentrations greater than 50 μg/ml and the effect increased with increasing photosensitizer concentrations. ALA-PDT also showed a notable scavenging effect on M. abscessus biofilm, which was also enhanced with increasing ALA concentrations. At sublethal doses, the susceptibility of M. abscessus to antibiotics was increased, and ALA-PDT greatly increased the cell wall permeability of M. abscessus and decreased the mRNA expression of drug resistance genes whiB7 and erm (41), as well as efflux pump genes MAB_1409c and MAB_3142c at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSIONS ALA-PDT has a significant killing effect on M. abscessus and can increase its antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenda Yue
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering Institute of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiyan Cen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijiang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Bacterial Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063209. [PMID: 35328629 PMCID: PMC8953781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and allied photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy have shown remarkable activity against bacterial pathogens in both planktonic and biofilm forms. There has been little or no resistance development against antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, recent developments in therapies that involve antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in combination with photothermal hyperthermia therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, antibiotic chemotherapy and cold atmospheric pressure plasma therapy have shown additive and synergistic enhancement of its efficacy. This paper reviews applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and non-invasive combination therapies often used with it, including sonodynamic therapy and nanozyme enhanced photodynamic therapy. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm mechanisms are discussed. This review proposes that these technologies have a great potential to overcome the bacterial resistance associated with bacterial biofilm formation.
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Wang X, Wan M, Zhang L, Dai Y, Hai Y, Yue C, Xu J, Ding Y, Wang M, Xie J, Lei X, Zhong JL. ALA_PDT Promotes Ferroptosis-Like Death of Mycobacterium abscessus and Antibiotic Sterilization via Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030546. [PMID: 35326196 PMCID: PMC8945036 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is one of the common clinical non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that can cause severe skin infection. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA_PDT) is an emerging effective antimicrobial treatment. To explore whether ALA_PDT can be used to treat M. abscessus infections, we conducted a series of experiments in vitro. We found that ALA_PDT can kill M. abscesses. Mechanistically, we found that ALA_PDT promoted ferroptosis-like death of M. abscesses, and the ROS scavenger N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) can mitigate the ALA_PDT-mediated sterilization. Furthermore, ALA_PDT significantly up-regulated the transcription of heme oxygenase MAB_4773, increased the intracellular Fe2+ concentration and altered the transcription of M. abscessus iron metabolism genes. ALA_PDT disrupted the integrity of the cell membrane and enhanced the permeability of the cell membrane, as evidenced by the boosted sterilization effect of antibiotics. In summary, ALA_PDT can kill M. abscesses via promoting the ferroptosis-like death and antibiotic sterilization through oxidative stress by changing iron metabolism. The study provided new mechanistic insights into the clinical efficacy of ALA_PDT against M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.W.); (M.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life and Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Meiyin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.W.); (M.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life and Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Yongdong Dai
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life and Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life and Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Chenda Yue
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Junqi Xu
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life and Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.H.); (J.X.)
| | - Yadan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.W.); (M.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.W.); (M.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life and Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (Y.H.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (X.L.); (J.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-23-68253392 (J.X.)
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400044, China;
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (X.L.); (J.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-23-68253392 (J.X.)
| | - Julia-Li Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.W.); (M.W.); (Y.D.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (X.L.); (J.-L.Z.); Tel.: +86-23-68253392 (J.X.)
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Guterres KB, Rossi GG, de Campos MMA, Moreira KS, Burgo TAL, Iglesias BA. Nanomolar effective and first report of tetra-cationic silver(II) porphyrins against non-tuberculous mycobacteria in antimicrobial photodynamic approaches. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A new approach to the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterium skin infections caused by iatrogenic manipulation: Photodynamic therapy combined with antibiotics: A pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102695. [PMID: 34923157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the number of nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) infections caused by iatrogenic procedures, especially rapid NTM skin infections, has been increasing. Due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations and nonstandard treatment guidelines, these infections are often misdiagnosed and challenging to treat. METHODS In this study, eight patients had NTM skin infections caused by iatrogenic procedures, and were diagnosed by bacterial culture and flight mass spectrometry tests. They were treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with antibiotic therapy. RESULTS All eight patients enrolled in the study were cured with 100% efficacy after receiving combination therapy with ALA-PDT and antibiotics for 3-6 months. All patients experienced redness and pain during treatment but no other discomfort and were satisfified with the results of their treatments. CONCLUSION Local ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics is a safe and effective method of treating NTM skin infections.
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Xu X, Liu B, Wu H, Zhang Y, Tian X, Tian J, Liu T. Poly Lactic- co-Glycolic Acid-Coated Toluidine Blue Nanoparticles for the Antibacterial Therapy of Wounds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3394. [PMID: 34947743 PMCID: PMC8708285 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections in wounded skin are associated with high mortality. The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria in wounded skin has been a challenge. Toluidine blue (TB) is a safe and inexpensive photosensitizer that can be activated and used in near-infrared photodynamic therapy to effectively kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, its aggregation-induced quenching effect largely affects its clinical applications. In this study, TB nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using an ultrasound-assisted coating method. Their physicochemical and biological properties were studied and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The TBNPs had a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (MRSA) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). In addition, MTT, hemolysis, and acute toxicity tests confirmed that TBNPs had good biocompatibility. The TBNPs exhibited a high photodynamic performance under laser irradiation and efficiently killed E. coli and MRSA through generated reactive oxygen species, which destroyed the cell wall structure. The potential application of TBNPs in vivo was studied using an MRSA-infected wound model. The TBNPs could promote wound healing within 7 days, mainly by reducing the inflammation and promoting collagen deposition and granulation tissue formation. In conclusion, the TBNPs offer a promising strategy for clinical applications against multiple-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jijing Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Nanopathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Road Yuanmingyuan, Beijing 100193, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.T.)
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Nanopathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Road Yuanmingyuan, Beijing 100193, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (X.T.)
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12
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Feng Y, Coradi Tonon C, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic and antibiotic therapy in combination against bacterial infections: efficacy, determinants, mechanisms, and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113941. [PMID: 34419503 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment, the mainstay for the control of bacterial infections, is greatly hampered by the global prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against MDR infections, but PDT-induced bacterial inactivation is often incomplete, causing the relapse of infections. Combination of PDT and antibiotics is a promising strategy to overcome the limitation of both antibiotic treatment and PDT, exerting increased disinfection efficacy on MDR bacterial pathogens versus either of the monotherapies alone. In this review, we present an overview of the therapeutic effects of PDT/antibiotic combinations that have been developed. We further summarize the influencing factors and the governing molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic outcomes of PDT/antibiotic combinations. In the end, we provide concluding remarks on the strengths, limitations, and future research directions of PDT/antibiotic combination therapy to guide its appropriate usage and further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Feng
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Caroline Coradi Tonon
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Health Sciences and Technology (Harvard-MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Rossi GG, Guterres KB, Moreira KS, Burgo TAL, de Campos MMA, Iglesias BA. Photo-damage promoted by tetra-cationic palladium(II) porphyrins in rapidly growing mycobacteria. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102514. [PMID: 34481062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has gained prominence in microbiology, especially in treating non-invasive infections. Diseases such as mycobacteriosis, which causes localized infections and has a slow treatment, tend to be future targets for this type of technology. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the action of two isomeric Pd(II)-porphyrins on fast-growing mycobacterial strains (RGM). Tetra-cationic porphyrins (4-PdTPyP and 3-PdTPyP) were synthesized and applied against standard strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. abscessus (ATCC 19977), Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084), and Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense (ATCC 48898). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were used in an attempt to determine possible ROS produced by the photosensitizers (PS) under study. Moreover, the impact of porphyrin on the mycobacterial surface was further evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and we observed significant damage on cells walls and altered nanomechanical and electrostatic adhesion properties. The results presented herein show that the positively charged porphyrin at the meta position (3-PdTPyP) was the most efficient PS against the RGM strains, and its bactericidal activity was proven in two irradiation sessions, with singlet oxygen species being the main ROS involved in this process. This study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of porphyrins, especially the 3-PdTPyP derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazille Guidolin Rossi
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kevim Bordignon Guterres
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Schneider Moreira
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Lima Burgo
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemistry Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil..
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Huang J, Wu S, Wu M, Zeng Q, Wang X, Wang H. Efficacy of the therapy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound in a diabetic mouse model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102480. [PMID: 34375775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A distressing issue of diabetic ulcer (DU) is its poor healing feature with limited clinical solutions. We have previously shown that 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a promising alternative to the currently limited measures for DU. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been believed to impose certain therapeutic effect on restoration of injury. Thus, this study aims to explore whether the combination of MSCs and ALA-PDT will exert a more advanced curative effect on DU. METHODS Diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg/d) for consecutive 5 days. A full-thickness skin injury (diameter 6 mm) was created in the center of the back of each mouse, and then 10 μl of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suspension was added to establish an infected DU model. All DU models were randomly divided into four groups: Untreated group, MSCs group, ALA-PDT group, and ALA-PDT combined with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) (ALA-PDT + MSCs) group. The wound sizes were recorded by a digital camera, and the healing rates were calculated using Image J software. Bacterial loads on wounds were measured using CFU (Colony forming units) analysis. The epithelialization, inflammatory cells infiltration and granulation tissue formation were monitored by Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the corresponding semi-quantitative score was matched. Growth and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Either ALA-PDT or injection of hUC-MSCs resulted in a rapid wound closure compared with the untreated, while their combination brought about the most prominent healing. On day 12, healing rates of the untreated, MSCs, ALA-PDT and ALA-PDT + MSCs were 40.56% ± 7.06%, 74.23 ± 4.83%, 84.03 ± 3.53%, 99.67 ± 0.49%, respectively. The bacterial burden reductions were approximately 1.58 logs (97.36%, P < 0.05), 2.34 logs (99.54%, P < 0.01), 4.50 logs (nearly 100%, P < 0.001) for MSCs, ALA-PDT and ALA-PDT + MSCs, respectively. Histology revealed reduced inflammatory cells and improved collagen precipitation and angiogenesis after hUC-MSCs and ALA-PDT treatment compared to the untreated. The combined therapy leaded to a more intact epithelium, similar to the healthy. Finally, ELISA revealed that the property of ALA-PDT to stimulate transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibit IL (interleukin) -1β and IL-6 outweighed that of hUC-MSCs, and this function of the combination overwhelmed that of any single therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the strategy of combining ALA-PDT with hUC-MSCs possessed a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect over either single therapy, providing a promising innovative therapeutic candidate for refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Shutian Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Minfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Institute of Photomedicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
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Carboxymethyl chitosan/ionic liquid imidazolium-based nanoparticles as nanocarriers for zinc phthalocyanine and its photodynamic activity. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antibiotics or Antifungals against Microorganisms That Cause Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Planktonic and Biofilm Approach to Overcome Resistances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070603. [PMID: 34201530 PMCID: PMC8308592 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it could make the selection of resistant microorganisms more difficult.
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17
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Photoinactivation of mycobacteria to combat infection diseases: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4099-4109. [PMID: 33997929 PMCID: PMC8126513 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The spread of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains causing serious infectious diseases dictates the development of new approaches to combat these diseases. In addition to drug resistance, the important causative agent of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)) is able to persist asymptomatically in individuals for many years, causing latent forms of tuberculosis. In such a dormant state, Mtb cells are also resistant to known antibiotics. In this regard, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) could be an effective alternative to antibiotics as its action is based on the generation of active forms of oxygen independently on the presence of specific antibiotic targets, thereby inactivating both drug-resistant and dormant bacteria. In this review, we summarise examples of the application of PDI for the elimination of representatives of the genus Mycobacteria, both in vitro and in vivo. According to published results, including photosensitisers in the PDI regime results in a significantly higher lethal effect. Such experiments were mainly performed using chemically synthesised photosensitisers, which need to be transported to the areas of bacterial infections, limiting PDI usage by surface (skin) diseases. In this regard, endogenous photosensitisers (mainly porphyrins) could be used to solve the problem of transportation. In vitro experiments demonstrate the effective application of PDI for mycobacteria, including Mtb, using endogenous porphyrins; the intracellular contents of these substances can be elevated by administration of 5-aminolevulenic acid, a precursor of porphyrin synthesis. Photodynamic inactivation can also be used for dormant mycobacteria, which are characterised by high levels of endogenous porphyrins. Thus, PDI can effectively eliminate drug-resistant mycobacteria. The exploitation of modern light-transmitting techniques opens new possibilities to use PDI in clinical settings. Key points •The potential effects of photodynamic inactivation of mycobacteria are critically reviewed. •Approaches to photoinactivation of mycobacteria using exogenous and endogenous photosensitisers are described. •Prospects for the use of photodynamic inactivation in the treatment of tuberculosis are discussed.
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18
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Bekmukhametova A, Ruprai H, Hook JM, Mawad D, Houang J, Lauto A. Photodynamic therapy with nanoparticles to combat microbial infection and resistance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21034-21059. [PMID: 33078823 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are rapidly increasing in incidence and pose an urgent global health concern. New treatments are needed to address this critical situation while preventing further resistance acquired by the pathogens. One promising approach is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), a technique that selectively damages pathogenic cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been deliberately produced by light-activated chemical reactions via a photosensitiser. There are currently some limitations to its wider deployment, including aggregation, hydrophobicity, and sub-optimal penetration capabilities of the photosensitiser, all of which decrease the production of ROS and lead to reduced therapeutic performance. In combination with nanoparticles, however, these challenges may be overcome. Their small size, functionalisable structure, and large contact surface allow a high degree of internalization by cellular membranes and tissue barriers. In this review, we first summarise the mechanism of PDT action and the interaction between nanoparticles and the cell membrane. We then introduce the categorisation of nanoparticles in PDT, acting as nanocarriers, photosensitising molecules, and transducers, in which we highlight their use against a range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. We also compare the antimicrobial efficiency of nanoparticles to unbound photosensitisers and examine the relevant safety considerations. Finally, we discuss the use of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in clinical applications of antimicrobial PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herleen Ruprai
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia.
| | - James M Hook
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Houang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia. and Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
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Metal center ion effects on photoinactivating rapidly growing mycobacteria using water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins. Biometals 2020; 33:269-282. [PMID: 32980947 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-020-00251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are pathogens that belong to the mycobacteriaceae family and responsible for causing mycobacterioses, which are infections of opportunistic nature and with increasing incidence rates in the world population. This work evaluated the use of six water-soluble cationic porphyrins as photosensitizers for the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of four RGM strains: Mycolicibacterium fortuitum, Mycolicibacterium smeagmatis, Mycobacteroides abscessus subs. Abscessus, and Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. massiliense. Experiments were conducted with an adequate concentration of photosensitizer under white-light irradiation conditions over 90 min and the results showed that porphyrins 1 and 2 (M = 2H or ZnII ion) were the most effective and significantly reduced the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The present work shows the result is dependent on the metal-center ion coordinated in the cationic porphyrin core. Moreover, we showed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the possible membrane photodamage caused by reactive oxygen species and analyzed the morphology and adhesive force properties. Tetra-positively charged and water-soluble metalloporphyrins may be promising antimycobacterial aPDT agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
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20
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Barisani A, Savoia F, Leuzzi M, Patrizi A, Vaccari S. Successful treatment of atypical mycobacteriosis of the scalp with photodynamic therapy. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13338. [PMID: 32222018 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Barisani
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Savoia
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miriam Leuzzi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabina Vaccari
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Siddique N, Roy M, Ahmad S. Mycobacterium fortuitum abscess following breast nipple piercing. IDCases 2020; 21:e00847. [PMID: 32695608 PMCID: PMC7365968 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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22
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Pérez-Laguna V, Gilaberte Y, Millán-Lou MI, Agut M, Nonell S, Rezusta A, Hamblin MR. A combination of photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial compounds to treat skin and mucosal infections: a systematic review. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1020-1029. [PMID: 30821303 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00534f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a growing approach to treat skin and mucosal infections. Despite its effectiveness, investigators have explored whether aPDT can be further combined with antibiotics and antifungal drugs. OBJECTIVE To systematically assess the in vivo studies on the effectiveness of combinations of aPTD plus antimicrobials in the treatment of cutaneous and mucosal infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Searches were performed in four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases, ClinicaTrials.gov) until July 2018. The pooled information was evaluated according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS 11 full-text articles were finally evaluated and included. The best aPDT combinations involved 5-aminolevulinic acid or phenothiazinium dye-based aPDT. In general, the combination shows benefits such as reducing treatment times, lowering drug dosages, decreasing drug toxicity, improving patient compliance and diminishing the risk of developing resistance. The mechanism of action may be that first aPDT damages the microbial cell wall or membrane, which allows better penetration of the antimicrobial drug. LIMITATIONS The number of studies was low, the protocols used were heterogeneous, and there was a lack of clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS The additive or synergistic effect of aPDT combined with antimicrobials could be promising to manage skin and mucosal infections, helping to overcome the microbial drug resistance.
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23
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Guterres KB, Rossi GG, Menezes LB, Anraku de Campos MM, Iglesias BA. Preliminary evaluation of the positively and negatively charge effects of tetra-substituted porphyrins on photoinactivation of rapidly growing mycobacteria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 117:45-51. [PMID: 31378267 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports, at the first time, the photoinactivation evaluation of tetra-cationic and anionic porphyrins as photosensitizers (PS) for the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of rapidly growing mycobacteria strains. Two different charged porphyrin groups were obtained commercially. PDI experiments in the strains Mycobacterium massiliense e Mycobacterium fortuitum conducted with adequate concentration (without aggregation) of photosensitizer under white light at a fluence rate of 50 mW/cm2 over 90 min showed that the most effective PS caused a 100 times reduction in the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The present results show that porphyrin with positively charge are more efficient PS than anionic porphyrin (negatively charged) against M. massiliense e M. fortuitum. It is also clear that the effectiveness of the molecule as PS for PDI studies with mycobacteria is strongly related with the porphyrin peripheral charge, and consequently their solubility in physiological media. Cationic PSs might be promising anti-mycobacteria PDI agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevim Bordignon Guterres
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Guidolin Rossi
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Brandalise Menezes
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos
- Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:72-106. [PMID: 31096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to such a degree that often the term "post-antibiotic era" is applied to describe the situation. The infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, third generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, third generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have become commonplace. Thus, the new strategies of infection treatment have been searched for, and one of the approaches is based on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photodynamic protocols require the interaction of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by porphyrinoid photosensitizers. In the first part of the review information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and the mechanism of the bacteria resistance to the photodynamic technique were described. In the second one, it was described porphyrinoids photosensitizers like: porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines useable in photodynamic bacteria inactivation.
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Silva AF, Borges A, Giaouris E, Graton Mikcha JM, Simões M. Photodynamic inactivation as an emergent strategy against foodborne pathogenic bacteria in planktonic and sessile states. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:667-684. [PMID: 30318945 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1491528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne microbial diseases are still considered a growing public health problem worldwide despite the global continuous efforts to ensure food safety. The traditional chemical and thermal-based procedures applied for microbial growth control in the food industry can change the food matrix and lead to antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, currently applied disinfectants have limited efficiency against biofilms. Therefore, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a novel alternative for controlling foodborne pathogenic bacteria in both planktonic and sessile states. The use of aPDT in the food sector is attractive as it is less likely to cause antimicrobial resistance and it does not promote undesirable nutritional and sensory changes in the food matrix. In this review, aspects on the antimicrobial photodynamic technology applied against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and studied in recent years are presented. The application of photodynamic inactivation as an antibiofilm strategy is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fiori Silva
- a Postgraduate Program of Health Sciences , State University of Maringá , Maringá , Paraná , Brazil.,b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- c Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment , University of the Aegean , Lemnos , Greece
| | | | - Manuel Simões
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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26
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Sander M, Isaac-Renton JL, Sander MA. Atypical clinical and laboratory features of fish-tank granuloma: A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2018; 6:2050313X18804071. [PMID: 30345056 PMCID: PMC6180358 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x18804071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection with the unusual reported features of pruritus and paresthesia. In addition, we report a lack of in-vivo response to antibiotics based on in-vitro susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith L Isaac-Renton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan A Sander
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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27
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Wozniak A, Grinholc M. Combined Antimicrobial Activity of Photodynamic Inactivation and Antimicrobials-State of the Art. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:930. [PMID: 29867839 PMCID: PMC5952179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a promising tool for the eradication of life-threatening pathogens with different profiles of resistance. This study presents the state-of-the-art published studies that have been dedicated to analyzing the bactericidal effects of combining aPDI and routinely applied antibiotics in in vitro (using biofilm and planktonic cultures) and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, the current paper reviews the methodology used to obtain the published data that describes the synergy between these antimicrobial approaches. The authors are convinced that even though the combined efficacy of aPDI and antimicrobials could be investigated with the wide range of methods, the use of a unified experimental methodology that is in agreement with antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is required to investigate possible synergistic cooperation between aPDI and antimicrobials. Conclusions concerning the possible synergistic activity between the two treatments can be drawn only when appropriate assays are employed. It must be noticed that some of the described papers were just aimed at determination if combined treatments exert enhanced antibacterial outcome, without following the standard methodology to evaluate the synergistic effect, but in most of them (18 out of 27) authors indicated the existence of synergy between described antibacterial approaches. In general, the increase in bacterial inactivation was observed when both therapies were used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wozniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Pérez-Laguna V, García-Malinis AJ, Aspiroz C, Rezusta A, Gilaberte Y. Antimicrobial effects of photodynamic therapy. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2018; 153:833-846. [PMID: 29683289 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.18.06007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The microorganisms that cause infections are increasing their resistance to antibiotics. In this context, alternative treatments are necessary. The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a therapeutic modality based on photosensitizing molecules that end up generating reactive oxygen species that induce the destruction of the target cells when are irradiated with light of a suitable wavelength and at a proper dose. The cells targeted by aPDT are all types of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and parasites) including viruses and has been proven effective against representative members of all of them. In the field of dermatology, aPDT has been tested with promising results in different infections such as chronic ulcers, acne, onychomycosis and other cutaneous mycoses, as well as in leishmaniasis. Therefore, it is presented as a possible treatment option against the agents that cause skin and/or mucous infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Aspiroz
- Unit of Microbiology, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain - .,Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial skin infections: Outcomes and safety. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:274-277. [PMID: 28666973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be a very successful therapy in clinical practice, and its usefulness as a treatment for bacterial infections has been gradually recognized by researchers, who believe it has very good clinical prospects. Atypical mycobacterial skin infections are a type of rare refractory infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) combined with antibiotics for the treatment of atypical mycobacterial skin infections. METHODS In this study, 4 patients with atypical mycobacterial skin infections were treated with ALA-PDT combined with antibiotic therapy. These patients were diagnosed with atypical mycobacterial skin infections by bacterial culture and microarray analysis, tests that were also useful for identifying the strains responsible for the infections. In addition to being treated with antibiotics, the skin was also treated locally with ALA-PDT (20% ALA was applied to the lesion and incubated in the dark, then, the lesion was irradiated with a red light with an energy density of 100J/cm2) every 10days for a total of 3-5 sessions. RESULTS All four patients enrolled in the study were cured with 100% efficiency after receiving combination therapy with ALA-PDT and antibiotics for three months. All patients experienced redness and pain during treatment but did not experience any other forms of severe discomfort and were satisfied with the results of their treatments. CONCLUSION Local ALA-PDT combined with antibiotics is a safe and effective method of treating atypical mycobacterial skin infections.
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