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Amantino CF, do Amaral SR, Aires-Fernandes M, Oliani SM, Tedesco AC, Primo FL. Development of 3D skin equivalents for application in photodynamic biostimulation therapy assays using curcumin nanocapsules. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32808. [PMID: 38975186 PMCID: PMC11226835 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, animal models have been the standard approach in drug research and development, as they are required by regulations in the transition from preclinical to clinical trials. However, there is growing ethical and scientific concern regarding these trials, as 80 % of the therapeutic potential observed in pre-clinical studies are often unable to be replicated, despite demonstrating efficacy and safety. In response to this, Tissue Engineering has emerged as a promising alternative that enables the treatment of various diseases through the production of biological models for advanced biological assays or through the direct development of tissue repairs or replacements. One of the promising applications of Tissue Engineering is the development of three-dimensional (3D) models for in vitro tests, replacing the need for in vivo animal models. In this study, 3D skin equivalents (TSE) were produced and used as an in vitro model to test photobiostimulation using curcumin-loaded nanocapsules. Photodynamic biostimulation therapy uses photodynamic processes to generate small amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can activate important biological effects such as cell differentiation, modulation of inflammatory processes and contribution to cell regeneration. The PLGA nanocapsules (NC) used in the study were synthesized through a preformed polymer deposition method, exhibiting particle size <200 nm, Zeta potential >|30| and polydispersity index between 0.5 and 0.3. Atomic force microscopy analyzes confirmed that the particle size was <200 nm, with a spherical morphology and a predominantly smooth and uniform surface. The NC biocompatibility assay did not demonstrate cytotoxicity for the concentrations tested (2.5-25 μg mL-1).The in vitro release assay showed a slow and sustained release characteristic of the nanocapsules, and cellular uptake assays indicated a significant increase in cellular internalization of the curcumin-loaded nanostructure. Monolayer photobiostimulation studies revealed an increase in cell viability of the HDFn cell line (viability 134 %-228 %) for all LED fluences employed at λ = 450 nm (150, 300, and 450 mJ cm-2). Additionally, the scratch assays, monitoring in vitro scar injury, demonstrated more effective effects on cell proliferation with the fluence of 300 mJ cm-2. Staining of TSE with hematoxylin and eosin showed the presence of cells with different morphologies, confirming the presence of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry using KI-67 revealed the presence of proliferating cells in TSE after irradiation with LED λ = 450 nm (150, 300, and 450 mJ cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F. Amantino
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie R. do Amaral
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Mariza Aires-Fernandes
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Sonia M. Oliani
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering – Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14010-100, Brazil
| | - Fernando L. Primo
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
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Li S, Zhao J, Han G, Zhang X, Li N, Zhang Z. Silicon dioxide-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress of alveolar macrophages and its role on the formation of silicosis fibrosis: a review article. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1024-1033. [PMID: 38145097 PMCID: PMC10734631 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a chronic lung inflammatory disease induced by long-term inhalation of high concentrations of silicon dioxide (SiO2), characterized by pulmonary fibrosis. Inhalation of silica invades alveolar macrophages (AMs) and changes the micro-environment of the cell, resulting in abnormal morphology and dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Once beyond the range of cell regulation, the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) will occur, which will lead to cell damage, necrosis, and apoptosis, eventually causing silicosis fibrosis through various mechanisms. This is a complex and delicate process accompanied by various macrophage-derived cytokines. Unfortunately, the details have not been systematically summarized yet. In this review, we systematically introduce the basic two processes: the process of inducing ERS by inhaling SiO2 and the process of inducing pulmonary fibrosis by ERS. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of the above two sequential events is also be discussed. We conclude that the ERS of alveolar macrophages caused by silica dust are involved deeply in the pathogenesis of silicosis. Therefore, changing the states of SiO2-induced ERS of macrophage may be an attractive therapeutic target for silicosis fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Baotong west Street 7166, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guizhi Han
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Guanhai Road 346, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jianshe South Road 45, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
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3
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Kessel D. Photodynamic therapy: Critical PDT theory IX-Translational efforts. Photochem Photobiol 2023. [PMID: 37811552 DOI: 10.1111/php.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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4
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Aires-Fernandes M, Amantino CF, do Amaral SR, Primo FL. Tissue Engineering and Photodynamic Therapy: A New Frontier of Science for Clinical Application -An Up-To-Date Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:837693. [PMID: 35782498 PMCID: PMC9240431 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.837693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) connects principles of life sciences and engineering to develop biomaterials as alternatives to biological systems and substitutes that can improve and restore tissue function. The principle of TE is the incorporation of cells through a 3D matrix support (scaffold) or using scaffold-free organoid cultures to reproduce the 3D structure. In addition, 3D models developed can be used for different purposes, from studies mimicking healthy tissues and organs as well as to simulate and study different pathologies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality when compared to conventional therapies. Therefore, PDT has great acceptance among patients and proves to be quite efficient due to its selectivity, versatility and therapeutic simplicity. The PDT mechanism consists of the use of three components: a molecule with higher molar extinction coefficient at UV-visible spectra denominated photosensitizer (PS), a monochromatic light source (LASER or LED) and molecular oxygen present in the microenvironment. The association of these components leads to a series of photoreactions and production of ultra-reactive singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These species in contact with the pathogenic cell, leads to its target death based on necrotic and apoptosis ways. The initial objective of PDT is the production of high concentrations of ROS in order to provoke cellular damage by necrosis or apoptosis. However, recent studies have shown that by decreasing the energy density and consequently reducing the production of ROS, it enabled a specific cell response to photostimulation, tissues and/or organs. Thus, in the present review we highlight the main 3D models involved in TE and PS most used in PDT, as well as the applications, future perspectives and limitations that accompany the techniques aimed at clinical use.
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Lopes JMS, Costa SN, Batista AA, Dinelli LR, Araujo PT, Neto NMB. Photophysics and visible light photodissociation of supramolecular meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin/RuCl 2(CO)(PPh 3) 2 structures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118351. [PMID: 32361521 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, supramolecular structures have been explored in many technological efforts. One example of such supramolecules is attained when ruthenium complexes are attached in the outer sites of a porphyrin. Ruthenium complexes act as modulators of the photophysical processes of macrocyclic molecules. Besides the investigation of the main changes introduced by the ruthenium complexes in the electronic and vibronic properties, and in the excited state deactivation processes of porphyrins, discussions concerning the photostability of these supramolecules are much needed. Here, we investigate the supramolecular free-base meso-tetra(4-pyridyl) porphyrin decorated with "RuCl2(CO)(PPh3)2" ruthenium species linked at each of its (4-pyridyl) moieties. The modifications in the photophysical processes introduced by the metallic outlying species are discussed and our results suggest an energy transfer process from the porphyrin B-band to the ruthenium complex MLCT-band. The demonstration of visible light photodissociation of the supramolecule, via both pulsed and continuous laser, is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S Lopes
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - S N Costa
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - A A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - L R Dinelli
- College of Sciences of Pontal, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - P T Araujo
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
| | - N M Barbosa Neto
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Graduate Program in Physics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Amantino CF, de Baptista-Neto Á, Badino AC, Siqueira-Moura MP, Tedesco AC, Primo FL. Anthraquinone encapsulation into polymeric nanocapsules as a new drug from biotechnological origin designed for photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101815. [PMID: 32407889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy has been applied for the treatment of many diseases, especially skin diseases. However, poor aqueous solubility and toxicity of some photosensitizer drugs are the main disadvantages for their direct clinical applications. Thus, biotechnology and nanotechnology are important tools in the development of new ways of obtaining photoactive compounds that are biocompatible. We investigated the potential of a new nanostructured photosensitizer, an anthraquinone derivative produced by biotechnological process; then we associated nanotechnology to obtain a nanostructured anthraquinone active molecule. For this, it was prepared a classical nanocapsule formulations containing poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) coating for encapsulation of anthraquinone derivative. These formulations were characterized by their physicochemical, morphological, photophysical properties, and stability. We performed in vitro biocompatibility and photodynamic activity assays of free and nanostructured anthraquinone. Nanocapsule formulations containing anthraquinone derivative showed a nanometric profile with particle size around 250 nm, negative zeta potential around -30 mV, and partially monodisperse. Besides that, characteristic spherical morphology of nanocapsules and homogeneous particle surface were observed by AFM analyses. The in vitro biocompatibility assay showed absence of cytotoxicity for all tested RD/NC concentrations and also for unloaded/NC in NIH3T3 cells. In vitro photoactivation assay using NIH3T3 cells showed that nanocapsules promoted greater drug uptake by NIH3T3 cells, around of 87%, of cell death compared to free drug showed around 48% of cell death. The anthraquinone derivative showed potential for use in PDT. Besides the association with nanocapsules improved cell uptake of photosensitizer resulting in increased cell death compared to free anthraquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F Amantino
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Álvaro de Baptista-Neto
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto C Badino
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, 13565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marigilson P Siqueira-Moura
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Francisco Valley - UNIVASF, Petrolina, 56304-917, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, 14010-100, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Primo
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lopes TZ, de Moraes FR, Tedesco AC, Arni RK, Rahal P, Calmon MF. Berberine associated photodynamic therapy promotes autophagy and apoptosis via ROS generation in renal carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109794. [PMID: 31874443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) consists of the most lethal common urological cancer and the clinical practice has shown that resistant RCC to commons therapies is extremely high. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, presents in different kinds of plants and it has long been used in Chinese medicine. It has several properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial and anti-cancer. Moreover, berberine has photosensitive characteristics and its association with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against tumor cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of berberine associated with PDT in renal carcinoma cell lines. The cellular viability assay showed increased cytotoxicity in concentration and time-dependent manner. Berberine presented efficient internalization in all cell lines analyzed. In addition, after treatment with berberine associated with PDT, it was observed a high phototoxicity effect with less than 20 % of viable cells. In this study we observed that the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was accompanied by an increase of autophagy levels and apoptosis by caspase 3 activity, suggesting cell death by both mechanisms. Additionally, three target genes of anti-cancer drugs were differentially expressed in 786-O cells, being that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (FIGF) and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) gene presented low expression and Polo Like Kinase 3 (PLK3) presented overexpression after treatment with berberine associated with PDT. In this study, the proposed treatment triggered metabolites changes related to cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it was possible to suggest that berberine has promising potential as a photosensitizing agent in a photodynamic therapy, because it induced significant anticancer effects on renal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairine Zara Lopes
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rogério de Moraes
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
- Physics Department, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Freitas Calmon
- Laboratory of Genomics Studies, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Leite THO, Grawe G, Honorato J, Cunha BN, Nascimento OR, de Vargas PS, Donatoni C, Oliveira KT, Lopes JMS, Barbosa Neto NM, Moreira WC, Dinelli LR, Batista AA. Remarkable Electronic Effect on the meso-Tetra(thienyl)porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1030-1039. [PMID: 30605327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complexes derived from meso-tetra(thienyl)porphyrins (TThP) and meso-tetra(pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP) containing peripheral ruthenium complexes with general formulas {TPyP[RuCl(dppb)(5,5'-Mebipy)]4}(PF6)4, {TThP[RuCl(dppb)(5,5'-Mebipy)]4}(PF6)4, and {TThP-me-[RuCl(dppb)(5,5'-Mebipy)]4}(PF6)4 [5,5'-Mebipy = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane] were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopy techniques (1H- and 31P{1H}-NMR, IR, UV/vis, fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)), cyclic voltammetry, coulometry, molar conductivity, and elemental analysis. Voltammetry and UV/vis studies demonstrated differentiated electronic properties for ruthenium appended with TThP and TThP-me when compared to ruthenium appended with TPyP. The UV/vis analysis for the ruthenium complex derived from TThP and TThP-me, as well as the Soret and Q bands, characteristics of porphyrins, showed a band at 700 nm referring to the Ru → S electronic transition, and porphyrin TThP-me showed another band at 475 nm from the Ru-N transition. The attribution of these bands was confirmed by spectroelectrochemical analysis. Cyclic voltammetry analysis for the ruthenium complex derived from TPyP exhibited only an electrochemical process with E1/2 = 0.47 V assigned to the Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox pair (Fc/Fc+). On the other hand, two processes were observed for the ruthenium complexes derived from TThP and TThP-me, with E1/2 around 0.17 and 0.47 V, which were attributed to the formation of a mixed valence tetranuclear species containing Ru(II) and Ru(III) ions, showing that the peripheral groups are not oxidized at the same potential. Fluorescence spectroscopic experiments show the existence of a mixed state of emission in the supramolecular porphyrin moieties. The results suggest the formation of Ru(II)-Ru(III) mixed valence complexes when oxidation potential was applied around 0.17 V in the {TThP[RuCl(dppb)(5,5'-Mebipy)]4}(PF6)4 and {TThP-me-[RuCl(dppb)(5,5'-Mebipy)]4}(PF6)4 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taíse H O Leite
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gregory Grawe
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - João Honorato
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Beatriz N Cunha
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil.,Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Ceres, Rodovia GO-154 KM 03, CP 51, 76300-000 , Ceres , Goiás , Brazil
| | - Otaciro R Nascimento
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos , Universidade de São Paulo , CP 369, CEP 13560-970 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Pamela S de Vargas
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carolina Donatoni
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Kleber T Oliveira
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jefferson M S Lopes
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Física , Universidade Federal do Pará , CEP 66075-110 , Belém , Pará , Brazil
| | - Newton M Barbosa Neto
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Física , Universidade Federal do Pará , CEP 66075-110 , Belém , Pará , Brazil
| | - Wania C Moreira
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luis R Dinelli
- Faculdade de Ciências Integradas do Pontal , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia , Rua Vinte, 1600, CEP 38304-402 , Ituiutaba , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, CEP 13565-905 , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
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Gutsche CS, Gräfe S, Gitter B, Flanagan KJ, Senge MO, Kulak N, Wiehe A. Pre-/post-functionalization in dipyrrin metal complexes - antitumor and antibacterial activity of their glycosylated derivatives. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12373-12384. [PMID: 30128459 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03059f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A post-functionalization route to tris(dipyrrinato) metal complexes is presented giving access to a range of new complexes relevant in the context of medicinal inorganic chemistry. A pentafluorophenyl group in the meso-position of the dipyrrin ligand serves as an anchor for the connection with alcohols and thiocarbohydrates. The photochemotherapeutic activity of the complexes has been assessed in cellular assays with tumor cell lines and against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus. Finally, it is shown that this post-functionalization is also applicable to other dipyrrinato metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Gutsche
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Fahey JM, Stancill JS, Smith BC, Girotti AW. Nitric oxide antagonism to glioblastoma photodynamic therapy and mitigation thereof by BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5345-5359. [PMID: 29440272 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) promotes glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion and also plays a key role in glioblastoma resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Non-ionizing photodynamic therapy (PDT) has anti-tumor advantages over conventional glioblastoma therapies. Our previous studies revealed that glioblastoma U87 cells up-regulate iNOS after a photodynamic challenge and that the resulting NO not only increases resistance to apoptosis but renders surviving cells more proliferative and invasive. These findings were largely based on the effects of inhibiting iNOS activity and scavenging NO. Demonstrating now that iNOS expression in photostressed U87 cells is mediated by NF-κB, we hypothesized that (i) recognition of acetylated lysine (acK) on NF-κB p65/RelA by bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein Brd4 is crucial; and (ii) by suppressing iNOS expression, a BET inhibitor (JQ1) would attenuate the negative effects of photostress. The following evidence was obtained. (i) Like iNOS, Brd4 protein and p65-acK levels increased severalfold in photostressed cells. (ii) JQ1 at minimally toxic concentrations had no effect on Brd4 or p65-acK up-regulation after PDT but strongly suppressed iNOS, survivin, and Bcl-xL up-regulation, along with the growth and invasion spurt of PDT-surviving cells. (iii) JQ1 inhibition of NO production in photostressed cells closely paralleled that of growth/invasion inhibition. (iv) Finally, at 1% the concentration of iNOS inhibitor 1400W, JQ1 reduced post-PDT cell aggressiveness to a far greater extent. This is the first evidence for BET inhibitor targeting of iNOS expression in cancer cells and how such targeting can markedly improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Fahey
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548
| | - Jennifer S Stancill
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548
| | - Brian C Smith
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548
| | - Albert W Girotti
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-3548
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11
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Aksakal NE, Kazan HH, Eçik ET, Yuksel F. A novel photosensitizer based on a ruthenium(ii) phenanthroline bis(perylenediimide) dyad: synthesis, generation of singlet oxygen andin vitrophotodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel photosensitizer having two perylenediimide units and a phenanthroline ruthenium(ii) coordination moiety (Ru-BP)has been developed for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Esra Aksakal
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gebze Technical University
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Kazan
- Department of Biological Sciences
- Middle East Technical University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Esra Tanrıverdi Eçik
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gebze Technical University
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | - Fatma Yuksel
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Gebze Technical University
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
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