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Zhang X, Zhao Z, Zhang R, Liu J, Guo Z, Hu Q, Liu N, Liu Q. Photoactivated disinfection procedure for denture stomatitis in diabetic rats. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17268. [PMID: 38708351 PMCID: PMC11067891 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the efficacy of PADTM Plus-based photoactivated disinfection (PAD) for treating denture stomatitis (DS) in diabetic rats by establishing a diabetic rat DS model. Methods The diabetic rat DS model was developed by randomly selecting 2-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and dividing them into four groups. The palate and denture surfaces of rats in the PAD groups were incubated with 1 mg/mL toluidine blue O for 1 min each, followed by a 1-min exposure to 750-mW light-emitting diode light. The PAD-1 group received one radiation treatment, and the PAD-2 group received three radiation treatments over 5 days with a 1-day interval. The nystatin (NYS) group received treatment for 5 days with a suspension of NYS of 100,000 IU. The infection group did not receive any treatment. In each group, assessments included an inflammation score of the palate, tests for fungal load, histological evaluation, and immunohistochemical detection of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) conducted 1 and 7 days following the conclusion of treatment. Results One day after treatment, the fungal load on the palate and dentures, as well as the mean optical density values of IL-17 and TNF-α, were found to be greater in the infection group than in the other three treatment groups (P < 0.05). On the 7th day after treatment, these values were significantly higher in the infection group than in the PAD-2 and NYS groups (P < 0.05). Importantly, there were no differences between the infection and PAD-1 groups nor between the PAD-2 and NYS groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions PAD effectively reduced the fungal load and the expressions of IL-17 and TNF-α in the palate and denture of diabetic DS rats. The efficacy of multiple-light treatments was superior to that of single-light treatments and similar to that of NYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Zhijiao Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Qiaoyu Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
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Casu C, Orrù G. Potential of photodynamic therapy in the management of infectious oral diseases. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:84284. [PMID: 38590303 PMCID: PMC10999068 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i1.84284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can take place in the presence of three elements: Light with an appropriate wavelength; a photosensitizer; and the presence of oxygen. This type of treatment is very effective overall against bacterial, viral and mycotic cells. In the last 10 years many papers have been published on PDT with different types of photosensitizers (e.g., methylene blue, toluidine blue, indocyanine green, curcumin-based photosensitizers), different wavelengths (e.g., 460 nm, 630 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm) and various parameters (e.g., power of the light, time of illumination, number of sessions). In the scientific literature all types of PDT seem very effective, even if it is difficult to find a standard protocol for each oral pathology. PDT could be an interesting way to treat some dangerous oral infections refractory to common pharmacological therapies, such as candidiasis from multidrug-resistant Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Casu
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
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Damrongrungruang T, Puasiri S, Vongtavatchai V, Saeng-on C, Petcharapiruch T, Teerakapong A, Sangpanya A. Anticandidal Efficacy of Erythrosine with Nano-TiO2 and Blue LED-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy against Candida albicans Biofilms on Acrylic Resin: A Preliminary Study. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:273-280. [PMID: 37105222 PMCID: PMC10959592 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incorporating an enhancer such as nano-titanium dioxide into antimicrobial photodynamic therapy can improve treatment outcome.This study aimed to compare the anticandidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy by erythrosine with nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) stimulated by a blue light emitting diode with three standard dental antifungal agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Candida albicans biofilms on acrylic resin plates were treated for 15 minutes with either nystatin, fluconazole, Polident, 220µM erythrosine + 1% (w/w) nano-TiO2 + 15 J/cm2 blue light photodynamic therapy (Ery PDT), or distilled water. For the Ery PDT group, blue light was applied for 1 minute after incubation. After 1, 3, and 6 hours, the colony forming units in log10 (log10CFU/mL) were compared. The ultrastructure of C. albicans on the acrylic resin plates treated with erythrosine + nano-TiO2 + blue light was examined using transmission electron microscopy at magnification of 30,000x. RESULTS After 1 hour, nystatin, Polident, and Ery PDT indifferently inhibited C. albicans. At 6 hours, Ery PDT reduced the number of viable C. albicans in biofilms by 0.28log10 CFU/mL, which was equal to the effect of fluconazole and Polident. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that Ery PDT altered the C. albicans cell morphology by inducing cell wall/membrane rupture. CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy with erythrosine + nano-TiO2 + blue light at low light power density (15 J/cm2) was as effective at inhibiting C. albicans biofilm on acrylic resin as fluconazole and Polident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak Damrongrungruang
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Melatonin Research Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Laser in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Subin Puasiri
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vichakorn Vongtavatchai
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Saeng-on
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Teeruch Petcharapiruch
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Aroon Teerakapong
- Laser in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Angkhana Sangpanya
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Al-Maweri SA, Alhajj MN, Anweigi L, Ashraf S, Halboub E, Salleh NM, Alanazi RH, Nassani MZ, Noushad M, Al Khabuli JO, Shamala A. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy on candida colonization and clinical symptoms in denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38229054 PMCID: PMC10790471 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recently proposed as a promising alternative therapy for Denture Stomatitis (DS). The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the current available evidence regarding the efficacy of PDT in the management of DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest were searched up to June 7, 2023. All relevant clinical trials were included. RevMan software was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS Elven randomized clinical trials (460 DS patients) were included. Eight studies assessed the efficacy of PDT vs. topical antifungal therapy, while three studies assessed the adjunctive use of PDT (PDT + antifungal therapy) vs. topical antifungal therapy alone. The results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and conventional antifungal therapy on candida colonization at 15 days (MD: 0.95, 95% CI: -0.28, 2.19, p = 0.13) and at the end of follow-up (MD: -0.17, 95% CI: -1.33, 0.98, p = 0.77). The pooled two studies revealed relatively better efficacy of adjunctive use of PDT with antifungal therapy on candida colonization compared to antifungal therapy alone at 15 days (MD: -6.67, 95% CI: -15.15, 1.82, p = 0.12), and at the end of follow-up (MD: -7.14, 95% CI: -19.78, 5.50, p = 0.27). Additionally, the results revealed comparable efficacy of PDT and topical antifungal therapy on the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS PDT might be considered a viable option for DS either as an adjunct or as an alternative to the topical antifungal medications. Further studies with adequate sample sizes and standardized PDT parameters are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq A Al-Maweri
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Lamyia Anweigi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajna Ashraf
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nosizana Mohd Salleh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rawan H Alanazi
- Department of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vision College of Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zakaria Nassani
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Noushad
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Science & Technology, Sanaa, Yemen.
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Vila-Nova TEL, Leão RDS, Santiago Junior JF, Pellizzer EP, Vasconcelos BCDE, Moraes SLD. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of denture stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:825-832. [PMID: 35125209 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Photodynamic therapy is widely used in dentistry, but limited evidence exists regarding its effectiveness in treating denture stomatitis. High resistance to antifungals has been reported, and photodynamic therapy could be an alternative treatment. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate whether photodynamic therapy is effective in reducing denture stomatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and recorded in the prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020205589) to answer the population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) question: "Is photodynamic therapy effective in the treatment of denture stomatitis when compared with the use of antifungal agents?" Electronic searches were performed in databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science for articles published until February 2021 by using the following terms: (denture stomatitis OR oral candidiasis) AND (low-level light therapy OR laser therapy OR lasers OR photodynamic therapies OR photochemotherapy) AND (antifungal drugs OR antifungal agents OR antimicrobial OR treatment). Clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, studies in the English language, and studies comparing antifungal agents with photodynamic therapy were included. RESULTS In total, 5 articles were selected for the qualitative analysis and 3 for the meta-analysis. No significant difference was detected between antifungal therapy and photodynamic therapy in the reduction of colony-forming units on the palate. In a subgroup analysis, a significant difference was found in the reduction of colony-forming units on the palate at 15 days and at the denture surface at 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy is effective in the treatment of denture stomatitis, but after 30 days and 15 days, the antifungals demonstrated better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taciana Emília Leite Vila-Nova
- PhD student, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafaella de Souza Leão
- Adjunct Professor of Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Pernambuco University (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Full Professor of Departament of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba Dental School, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Lúcia Dantas Moraes
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Hu Q, Li T, Yang J, Peng Y, Liu Q, Liu N. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral candidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:802. [PMID: 37884914 PMCID: PMC10605952 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct or alternative to traditional antifungal drugs in the treatment of oral candidiasis, and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for its use in the treatment of oral candidiasis. METHODS Computer combined with manual retrieval of China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus retrieval for articles published before January 2023, basic information and required data were extracted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Revman V5.4 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis of the included literature. RESULTS A total of 11 articles were included, 7 of which used nystatin as an antifungal drug, 2 of which were combined treatment of PDT and nystatin, 2 of the remaining 4 articles were treated with fluconazole, and 2 were treated with miconazole. Meta results showed that PDT was superior to nystatin in reducing the number of oral candida colonies in the palate of patients MD = -0.87, 95%CI = (-1.52,-0.23), P = 0.008, the difference was statistically significant, and the denture site MD = -1.03, 95%CI = (-2.21, -0.15), P = 0.09, the difference was not statistically significant; compared with the efficacy of fluconazole, RR = 1.01, 95%CI = (0.56,1.83), P = 0.96; compared with miconazole RR = 0.55, 95%CI = (0.38, 0.81), P = 0.002; PDT combined with nystatin RR = 1.27, 95%CI = (1.06, 1.52), P = 0.01; recurrence rate RR = 0.28, 95%CI = (0.09, 0.88), P = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS PDT was effective in the treatment of oral candidiasis; PDT was more effective than nystatin for the treatment of denture stomatitis in the palate, while there was no significant difference between the two for the denture site; The efficacy of PDT for oral candidiasis was similar to that of fluconazole; PDT was less effective than miconazole for oral candidiasis; Compared with nystatin alone, the combination of PDT and nystatin is more effective in treating oral candidiasis with less risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ting Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiadi Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, No. 383, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahrami R, Bazarjani F, Bahador A. Anti-multispecies microbial biofilms and anti-inflammatory effects of antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy based on acrylic resin containing nano-resveratrol. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103669. [PMID: 37356699 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based removable orthodontic appliances are susceptible to microbial colonization due to the surface porosity, and accumulating the biofilms causes denture stomatitis. the present study evaluated the anti-biofilm and antiinflammatory effects of antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy (aPSDT) against multispecies microbial biofilms (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Actinomyces naeslundii) formed on acrylic resin modified with nanoresveratrol (NR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the determination of the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of NR, in vitro anti-biofilm activity of NR was evaluated. The antibiofilm efficacy against multispecies microbial biofilm including C. albicans, S. aureus, S. sobrinus, and A. naeslundii, were assessed by biofilm inhibition test and the results were measured. To reveal the anti-inflammatory effects of aPSDT on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS According to the results, the MBIC dose of NR against multispecies microbial biofilm was considered 512 µg/mL. The highest biofilm reduction activity was observed in MBIC treated with aPSDT and 2 × MBIC exposed to light emitting diode (LED) and ultrasound waves (UW). The expression level of TNF-α and IL-6 genes were significantly increased when HGF cells were exposed to multispecies microbial biofilms (P<0.05), while after treatment with aPSDT, the expression levels of genes were significantly downregulated in all groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, NR-mediated aPSDT reduced the growth of the multispecies microbial biofilm and downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes. Therefore, modified PMMA with NR can be serving as a promising new orthodontic acrylic resin against multispecies microbial biofilms and the effect of this new material is amplified when exposed to LED and UW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashin Bahrami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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Al-Aali KA, Alqahtani AS, Alzaid AA, Almuiel SH, Alsaloum M, Alanazi KK. Efficacy of adjunct photodynamic therapy on Candida growth and oral health quality of life in denture stomatitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus wearing implant-retained overdentures: a randomized clinical study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023:103630. [PMID: 37236520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present clinical trial was to study the efficacy of combined miconazole and PDT in the improvement of quality of life and levels of Candida species in chronic hyperglycemic patients with denture stomatitis (DS). METHODS One hundred patients were randomly divided into five groups; 20 each in the miconazole, PDT, miconazole+ PDT, CHX and distilled water groups. Methylene blue mediated irradiation was conducted using 600nm diode laser with power, energy density and radiance as 100 mW, 3527 mW/cm2 and 9 J, respectively. Patients were advised to apply 2.5 ml of 2% topical miconazole four times a day. The existence of Candida spp. was detected by means of microbiological culture technique. Candida colony counts from the palates and dentures surfaces, quantified as colony forming unit (CFU)/mL were evaluated at baseline, end of 14 days, 28 days and 60 days. Oral health related quality of life was assessed with the help of a questionnaire. RESULTS The quality of life showed significant improvement in the group where combination treatment was executed. The overall CFU/mL values were greater in the dentures in comparison to those from the palates of the patients of all the five groups. During all time periods of the study, the CFU/mL values obtained from combination treatment group showed significant differences. Candida albicans was the most predominant yeast. CONCLUSION This study showed the effectiveness of methylene blue- PDT in combination with miconazole in improving oral health related quality of life and significantly reducing Candida CFU counts to resolve palatal inflammation in diabetic individuals with implant-supported complete dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulud A Al-Aali
- Prosthodontics, Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz S Alqahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Alzaid
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Hamad Almuiel
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alsaloum
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid K Alanazi
- Conservative Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Xin YH, Ying TJ, Syeed MS, Veettil SK, Menon RK. Comparative effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of denture stomatitis: A systematic review with network meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00019-7. [PMID: 36863936 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Symptomatic denture stomatitis (DS) is a painful oral mucosal disorder that can impair quality of life in denture wearers. A complete cure of DS is difficult to achieve, and the most efficacious regimen to treat DS has not yet been conclusively established. PURPOSE The purpose of this network meta-analysis was to assess the comparative efficacy of interventions used for the treatment of DS. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search was conducted for trials published in Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception until February 2022 (PROSPERO Reg no: CRD42021271366). Network meta-analysis was performed on data from randomized controlled trials that assessed the comparative efficacy of any form of intervention for the treatment of DS in denture wearers. Agents were ranked according to their effectiveness in the treatment of DS based on outcomes using surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA). RESULTS A total of 25 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. Topical antifungal agents (risk ratio [RR]=4.37[95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.15,8.90), topical antimicrobial agents used along with systemic antifungal agents (RR=4.25[95% CI: 1.79,10.33]), systemic antifungal agents (RR=4.25[95% CI: 1.79,10.10]), photodynamic therapy (RR=4.25[95% CI: 1.75,8.98]), and topical plant products (RR=3.40[95% CI: 1.59,7.26]) were found to effectively improve DS. Microwave disinfection concurrently administered with topical antifungal agents (RR=7.38(95% CI: 2.75,19.81), microwave disinfection 7.38[95% CI: 2.75,19.81]), topical antifungal agents (RR=4.88[95% CI: 1.92,12.42]), topical plant products (RR=4.49[95% CI: 1.70,11.82]), systemic antifungal agents together with topical antimicrobial agents (RR=3.85[95% CI: 1.33,11.10]), topical antimicrobial agents (RR=3.39[95% CI: 1.17,9.81]), systemic antifungal agents (RR=3.37[95% CI: 1.21,9.34]), and photodynamic therapy or photochemotherapy (PDT) (RR=2.93[95% CI: 1.01,8.47]) were found to effectively resolve mycological DS. Topical antifungals ranked highest in the SUCRA ranking for clinical improvement, whereas microwave disinfection concurrently administered with topical antifungal agents ranked highest for mycological resolution. None of the agents demonstrated significant side effects except for topical antimicrobial agents which demonstrated altered taste and staining of oral structures. CONCLUSIONS Available evidence suggests that topical antifungals, microwave, and systemic antifungals are effective in the treatment of DS, but confidence in these findings is low because of the limited number of studies and a high risk of bias. Additional clinical trials are needed on photodynamic therapy, topical plant products, and topical antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Hui Xin
- Predoctoral student, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Tan Joe Ying
- Predoctoral student, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - M Sakil Syeed
- PhD Candidate, Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- Research Associate, Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rohit Kunnath Menon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
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Luchian I, Budală DG, Baciu ER, Ursu RG, Diaconu-Popa D, Butnaru O, Tatarciuc M. The Involvement of Photobiology in Contemporary Dentistry-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043985. [PMID: 36835395 PMCID: PMC9961259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an emerging treatment approach that is being used to treat many diseases and conditions such as pain, inflammation, and wound healing. The light used in dental therapy generally lies in visible and invisible spectral regions. Despite many positive results in the treatment of different conditions, this therapy still faces some skepticism, which has prevented its widespread adoption in clinics. The main reason for this skepticism is the lack of comprehensive information about the molecular, cellular, and tissular mechanisms of action, which underpin the positive effects of phototherapy. However, there is currently promising evidence in support of the use of light therapy across a spectrum of oral hard and soft tissues, as well as in a variety of important dental subspecialties, such as endodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, and maxillofacial surgery. The merging of diagnostic and therapeutic light procedures is also seen as a promising area for future expansion. In the next decade, several light technologies are foreseen as becoming integral parts of modern dentistry practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut Luchian
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Dana Gabriela Budală
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.G.B.); (E.-R.B.)
| | - Elena-Raluca Baciu
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.G.B.); (E.-R.B.)
| | - Ramona Gabriela Ursu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity (IX)—Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Diana Diaconu-Popa
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Oana Butnaru
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Monica Tatarciuc
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Current Infections of the Orofacial Region: Treatment, Diagnosis, and Epidemiology. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020269. [PMID: 36836626 PMCID: PMC9966653 DOI: 10.3390/life13020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, diagnosing and managing infections is one of the most challenging issues for orofacial clinicians. As a result of the diversity of symptoms, complicated behavior, and sometimes confusing nature of these conditions, it has become increasingly difficult to diagnose and treat them. It also highlights the need to gain a deeper insight into the orofacial microbiome as we try to improve our understanding of it. In addition to changes in patients' lifestyles, such as changes in diet, smoking habits, sexual practices, immunosuppressive conditions, and occupational exposures, there have been changes in patients' lifestyles that complicate the issue. Recent years have seen the development of new infection treatments due to the increased knowledge about the biology and physiology of infections. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the types of infections in the mouth, including the types that viruses, fungi, or bacteria may cause. It is important to note that we searched the published literature in the Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochran databases from 2010 to 2021 using the following keywords: "Orofacial/Oral Infections," "Viral/Fungal/Bacterial Infections", "Oral Microbiota" And "Oral Microflora" without limiting our search to languages and study designs. According to the evidence, the most common infections in the clinic include herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus, Actinomycosis, and Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study is to review the new findings on characteristics, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and new treatment for these types of infectious diseases.
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Gholami L, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Hadilou M, Fekrazad R. Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1020995. [PMID: 36687594 PMCID: PMC9850114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and novel microorganisms that globally threaten human life, moving toward new treatment modalities for microbial infections has become a priority more than ever. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been introduced as a promising and non-invasive local and adjuvant treatment in several oral infectious diseases. Its efficacy for elimination of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and key pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis have been investigated by many invitro and clinical studies. Researchers have also investigated methods of increasing the efficacy of such treatment modalities by amazing developments in the production of natural, nano based, and targeted photosensitizers. As clinical studies have an important role in paving the way towards evidence-based applications in oral infection treatment by this method, the current review aimed to provide an overall view of potential clinical applications in this field and summarize the data of available randomized controlled clinical studies conducted on the applications of aPDT in dentistry and investigate its future horizons in the dental practice. Four databases including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched up to September 2022 to retrieve related clinical studies. There are several clinical studies reporting aPDT as an effective adjunctive treatment modality capable of reducing pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontal and peri-implant, and persistent endodontic infections. Clinical evidence also reveals a therapeutic potential for aPDT in prevention and reduction of cariogenic organisms and treatment of infections with fungal or viral origins, however, the number of randomized clinical studies in these groups are much less. Altogether, various photosensitizers have been used and it is still not possible to recommend specific irradiation parameters due to heterogenicity among studies. Reaching effective clinical protocols and parameters of this treatment is difficult and requires further high quality randomized controlled trials focusing on specific PS and irradiation parameters that have shown to have clinical efficacy and are able to reduce pathogenic bacterial loads with sufficient follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiva Shahabi
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jazaeri
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadilou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Reza Fekrazad,
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The effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with prodigiosin against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3631-3638. [PMID: 36156750 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) is a secondary metabolite of bacterial origin that is able to absorb the visible light and plays a role as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). This in vitro study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of PG-mediated PDT against the reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PG were determined. Each strain was then allocated into four groups as follows: G1: control (no treatment), G2: PG-treated groups that received different PG concentrations (1000-1.95 μM), G3: laser-treated group (wavelength: 520 nm, radiation dose: 187 J/cm2), and G4: PG-mediated PDT groups that were initially treated with different concentrations of PG and were then exposed to laser irradiation in the same way as the previous group. Finally, the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was calculated and analyzed using the SPSS software. PG had both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities on the tested bacteria, with the maximum antibacterial effect being observed against S. aureus. In all bacterial strains, the maximum number of CFUs was observed in the control group followed by the laser-irradiated and PG-treated groups, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the utilization of PG-mediated PDT resulted in a significant decrease in the mean number of CFUs in all the tested bacteria (p < 0.0001). PG-mediated PDT had the potential to kill some bacterial strains in the laboratory. Yet, further studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy and safety to be applied in clinical settings.
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Rai A, Misra SR, Panda S, Sokolowski G, Mishra L, Das R, Lapinska B. Nystatin Effectiveness in Oral Candidiasis Treatment: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1677. [PMID: 36362833 PMCID: PMC9697841 DOI: 10.3390/life12111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection caused by commensal Candida species. Since there are various local and systemic predisposing factors for the disease, the treatment also varies from topical to systemic antifungal agents. Nystatin is a common antifungal agent used topically. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of different antifungal agents and the safety of nystatin in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Three electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing nystatin with other anti-fungal therapies or placebo. Clinical and/or mycological cure was the outcome evaluation. A meta-analysis and descriptive study on the efficacy, treatment protocols, and safety of nystatin was also conducted. The meta-analysis included five studies, which compared the efficacy of nystatin suspensions with photodynamic therapy. A significant difference in the colony-forming units per milliliters (CFU/mL) of Candida species was observed at 60 days intervals for both palatal mucosa and denture surfaces, with both groups favoring nystatin with low heterogeneity at a 95% confidence interval. Nystatin and photodynamic therapy were found to be equally effective for the clinical remission of denture stomatitis as well as a significant reduction of CFU/mL of Candida species from dentures and palatal surfaces of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Rai
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Satya Ranjan Misra
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Saurav Panda
- Department of Periodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Grzegorz Sokolowski
- Department of Prosthetics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lora Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Rupsa Das
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Chen T, Yang D, Lei S, Liu J, Song Y, Zhao H, Zeng X, Dan H, Chen Q. Photodynamic therapy-a promising treatment of oral mucosal infections. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103010. [PMID: 35820633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of oral mucosal infections is increasingly challenging owing to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, alternative antimicrobial strategies are urgently required. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted attention for the treatment of oral mucosal infections because of its ability to effectively inactivate drug-resistant bacteria, completely heal clinical infectious lesions and usually offers only mild adverse reactions. This review briefly summarizes relevant scientific data and published papers and discusses the potential mechanism and application of PDT in the treatment of oral mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Shangxue Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yansong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Neppelenbroek KH, Falcão Procópio AL, Gurgel Gomes AC, Campos Sugio CY, Maia Neves Garcia AA, Porto VC, Urban VM. A modified Newton classification for denture stomatitis. Prim Dent J 2022; 11:55-58. [PMID: 35658661 DOI: 10.1177/20501684221101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of denture stomatitis (DS) treatment should be evaluated by associating clinical and mycological parameters. Although widely used in clinical studies, the Newton classification does not accurately represent the degree of severity of palatal inflammation in terms of extent of the lesions and intensity of the erythema. Therefore, a modified Newton classification has been proposed considering the coverage area of palatal inflammation and the erythema level. This consistent and direct ranking will help standardise randomised clinical trials, as well as the statistical comparison among blind evaluations of the obtained scores within and between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Clara Gurgel Gomes
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Maia Neves Garcia
- Postgraduate student, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Carvalho Porto
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Migliorini Urban
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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Firoozi P, Farshidfar N, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy compared to nystatin therapy in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2021. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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18
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Firoozi P, Farshidfar N, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy compared to nystatin therapy in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2021:10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9. [PMID: 34862461 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-021-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) compared to conventional nystatin therapy (NYT) in reducing Candida colony count in patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) and critically appraised the available literature.Methods This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) updated guidelines. A literature search was performed in four electronic databases to identify relevant articles up to 15 August 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of aPDT compared to NYT in reducing Candida colony count in patients with CADS were investigated. The weighted mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval were calculated. The I2 statistic was used to determine heterogeneity at the level of α = 0.10. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Certainty of the evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) ranking system.Results Only three eligible RCTs with 141 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on the pooled results, NYT compared to aPDT generally performed better in reducing Candida colony count (Log10 CFU/mL) in patients' palate and patients' denture. The included studies had a moderate risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence was low.Conclusion Although still inconclusive, based on the current evidence, aPDT may be effective in reducing Candida colony count and treating CADS. Nonetheless, it does not appear to be more effective than conventional NYT in this regard. According to the limited number of included studies, more well-designed RCTs with larger sample sizes and standardised methodology should be conducted to validate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Firoozi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Nima Farshidfar
- Orthodontic Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Professor of Radiation Sciences Research Centre, Laser Research Centre in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Lavaee F, Motamedifar M, Rafiee G. The effect of photodynamic therapy by gold nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and biofilm formation: an in vitro study. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1717-1725. [PMID: 34694502 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer in conjunction with Gold nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans as an important cariogenic bacterial agent. This experimental in vitro study evaluated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of five groups as followed against S. mutans: methylene blue (MB), Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), methylene blue conjugated with Gold nanoparticles (MB-AuNPs), MB mediated photodynamic therapy (MB mediated PDT) and methylene blue conjugated with Gold nanoparticles mediated photodynamic therapy (MB-AuNPs mediated PDT). InGaAlP laser (Azor-2 K) with 25 mW total output, 660 nm wavelength and laser probe cross-section of 0.78 cm2 was used for methylene blue activation. Total dose of 19.23 J/cm2 for 10 min was irradiated to each group. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming unit (CFU) were determined. Bacterial biofilm formation inhibition was assessed by crystal violet staining (The microtiter plate biofilm assay). The viability of S. mutans cells was assessed by MTT assay. MB mediated PDT and MB-AuNP mediated PDT were the most effective method for S. mutans biofilm inhibition (P < 0.05). MB alone, MB-AuNP alone and MB mediated PDT and MB-AuNP mediated PDT had the same effect against the planktonic phase of S. mutans (P > 0.05). Also they had similar pattern for bacterial growth inhibition and bactericidal effect (P > 0.05). Gold nano particle mediated photodynamic therapy represented antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans; but this modality was not more effective than routine PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ghazal Rafiee
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Andisheh-Tadbir A, Yaghoubi A, Tanideh N, Mardani M. The effect of indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy in healing of experimentally induced oral mucosal traumatic ulcer in rat. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:611-618. [PMID: 32654066 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach for the healing of ulcerative lesions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PDT using indocyanine green (ICG) in the healing of the experimentally induced oral mucosal traumatic ulcer in rat. Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were recruited in this experimental study. The ulceration was surgically made in the left cheek mucosa, and the rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups (n = 15). Oral ulcers in groups 1 and 2 were treated with the sterile saline solution (0.9%) and ICG (1 mg/ml). In group 3, laser irradiation was applied using the 810 nm diode laser in the continuous-wave mode for 30 s (light dose: 55 J/cm2, power: 300 mW, spot size: 4.5 mm). Following the topical application of ICG (1 mg/ml) in group 4, laser irradiation was performed in the same way as the previous group. After 24 h, treatments were repeated once more in all groups. The healing process was histopathologically assessed at the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days after ulceration. Wound healing was significantly accelerated in the ICG-mediated PDT group in comparison to the control group at all sampling time points (p < 0.005). However, the other groups displayed a similar healing rate (p > 0.05). Data suggest that ICG-mediated PDT has the potential to accelerate wound healing and prevent clinical infection in oral mucosal traumatic ulcers. However, further studies are required to confirm whether our results can be generalized to other wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Yaghoubi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mardani
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Lavaee F, Yousefi M, Haddadi P. Comparison of the fungicidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their conjugation on oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 6:35-40. [PMID: 34195458 PMCID: PMC8226044 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.4.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of common photodynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy by the silver nanoparticle, methylene blue, and their combination on biofilm and plankton cells of standard oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, biofilm and plankton cells of Candida species(i.e. C .albicans and C. parapsilosis) and plankton cells of Candida glabrata were treated with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their combination once alone and then with the irradiation of total dose of 1.92 J/cm² for 60 sec. The minimum inhibitory concentration and antifungal activity of each approach were evaluated using the XTT assay. Results: After photodynamic therapy, methylene blue showed antifungal effect only on Candida albicans, while the antifungal effect of silver nanoparticles was increased on all Candida species. On the other hand, photodynamic therapy with the combination of methylene blue and silver nanoparticles did not have any effect on C. albicans. However, it reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration value of C. parapsilosis, and the most antifungal effect was observed on C. glabrata. Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers can serve as a treatment modality in Candida infections of the oral cavity. Antifungal effect of photodynamic therapy was strain- and photosensitizer-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Motahare Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pardis Haddadi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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23
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Therapeutic Role of Nystatin Added to Tissue Conditioners for Treating Denture-Induced Stomatitis: A Systematic Review. PROSTHESIS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Denture-induced stomatitis (DIS) represents a pathological condition caused by ill-fitting dentures trauma, manifested as inflammation of the palatal tissue beneath the denture. The fungal infections are the principal contributory factors to DIS. Although the aetiology of DIS is multifactorial, the Candida albicans fungal infection remains the main cause. The objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the latest literature on the addition of nystatin into the tissue conditioners (TCs) in the management of DIS. To search the published literature about “the addition of nystatin in TCs for treating DIS”, electronic databases (PubMed (National library of medicine) and Cochrane Library (Wiley)) were searched (from 1975 until December 2020) using different keywords. Various studies described the effectiveness and efficacy of incorporating nystatin into several TCs. The present systematic review reported that the addition of nystatin is beneficial, with slight or no consequences on both the mechanical and physical features of TCs. Adding nystatin to various TCs for treating DIS can be suggested.
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Romano A, Di Stasio D, Lauritano D, Lajolo C, Fiori F, Gentile E, Lucchese A. Topical photodynamic therapy in the treatment of benign oral mucosal lesions: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:639-648. [PMID: 33314331 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in various branches of the dental field such as endodontics, implantology, periodontology, and restorative dentistry and oral medicine has become useful in recent decades. This systematic review presents an overview of the literature to evaluate the usefulness of topical PDT for the treatment of benign oral soft tissue lesions and to identify limitations in prior studies to improve PDT applications. METHODS We performed a review of the literature using different search engines (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) employing MeSH terms such as "Photodynamic therapy" and "PDT" in conjunction with other terms. We utilized the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) method to define our study eligibility criteria. RESULTS Initial results were 1513. Finally, there were only 21 studies that met our selection criteria. We divided the 21 selected items into two groups: inflammatory diseases and infective diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although topical PDT is an easy to perform and well-tolerated treatment and appears to be a valid method with promising results in the treatment of benign lesions of the oral cavity's soft tissues, further studies are needed to complete the current knowledge of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Head and Neck Department, School of Dentistry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Fiori
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrica Gentile
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania- Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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25
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A randomized clinical trial evaluating Photodithazine-mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as a treatment for Denture stomatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Motamedifar M, Tanideh N, Mardani M, Daneshvar B, Hadadi M. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy using indocyanine green in experimentally induced intraoral ulcers in rats. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2020; 37:115-122. [PMID: 33044743 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a promising modality for eradication of microorganisms from the wound. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of PACT using indocyanine green (ICG) for reduction of bacterial load of oral ulcers in rats and its impact on the healing process. METHODS In this experimental study, 50 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were recruited. Oral ulcers were surgically made on the left cheek mucosa, and animals were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 10). Wound site in groups 1, 2, and 3 was irrigated with the sterile saline (0.9%), chlorhexidine (CHX; 0.2%), and ICG solutions (1 mg/mL), respectively. Group 4 was exposed to laser irradiation using 810 nm diode laser on continuous-wave mode for 30 seconds (fluence: 55 J/cm2 , power: 300 mW, spot size: 4.5 mm). In group 5, PACT was performed using topical application of ICG followed by laser irradiation in the same way as the previous group. Bacterial load of oral ulcers was assessed before and after each treatment modality. Besides, rats were sacrificed on the 5th day post ulceration and histological features of healing were evaluated. RESULTS Bacterial load was significantly reduced merely in the PACT-ICG-treated group by one log (P < .0001). Animals in the PACT-ICG-treated group also showed an accelerated healing in comparison with others on the 5th day of an experiment. CONCLUSION Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy using topical application of ICG has a potential to reduce the bacterial load of oral ulcers and accelerate wound repair. Therefore, it can be considered as an alternative to currently available modalities for wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Motamedifar
- Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mardani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Daneshvar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahtab Hadadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Laser-Assisted aPDT Protocols in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials in Dentistry: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030107. [PMID: 32971996 PMCID: PMC7558404 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an effective alternative method for the adjunctive treatment of all classes of oral infections. The multifactorial nature of its mechanism of action correlates with various influencing factors, involving parameters concerning both the photosensitizer and the light delivery system. This study aims to critically evaluate the recorded parameters of aPDT applications that use lasers as the light source in randomized clinical trials in dentistry. METHODS PubMed and Cochrane search engines were used to identify human clinical trials of aPDT therapy in dentistry. After applying specific keywords, additional filters, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the initial number of 7744 articles was reduced to 38. RESULTS Almost one-half of the articles presented incomplete parameters, whilst the others had different protocols, even with the same photosensitizer and for the same field of application. CONCLUSIONS No safe recommendation for aPDT protocols can be extrapolated for clinical use. Further research investigations should be performed with clear protocols, so that standardization for their potential dental applications can be achieved.
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28
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Lavaee F, Amanati A, Ramzi M, Naseri S, Shakiba Sefat H. Evaluation of the effect of photodynamic therapy on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101653. [PMID: 31923632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study the effect of photodynamic therapy on chemotherapy induced mucositis was evaluated. METHODS This randomized single blind clinical pilot evaluation evaluated the effect of PDT with methylene blue on 15 patients with chemotherapy induced bilateral oral mucositis. They were divided into 2 groups (control side and intervention side). Methylene blue was applied on the lesions of both sides, after 10 min the lesion of intervention side was irradiated by a 660 nm diode laser InGaAlP(Azor-2 K) for 10 min (power: 25 mW, dose:19.23 J/CM2, probe diameter: 0.78 cm2) for three sessions (day1,3,5) and followed on day 12. In control side only sham laser was used. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS version 22. RESULTS Comparing the WCCNR and NCI difference in different sessions between intervention and control group, represented significant improvement in oral mucositis in photodynamic therapy group for sessions 1-0, 2-0, 3-0 (P.value<0.05). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy can improve chemotherapy induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Amanati
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Setareh Naseri
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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29
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Gowda DV, Afrasim M, Meenakshi SI, Manohar M, Hemalatha S, Siddaramaiah H, Sathishbabu P, Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Kamal MA. A Paradigm Shift in the Development of Anti-Candida Drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2610-2628. [PMID: 31663480 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191029145209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The considerable increase in the incidence of Candida infection in recent times has prompted the use of numerous antifungal agents, which has resulted in the development of resistance towards various antifungal agents. With rising Candida infections, the need for design and development of novel antifungal agents is in great demand. However, new therapeutic approaches are very essential in preventing the mortality rate and improving the patient outcome in those suffering from Candida infections. OBJECTIVE The present review objective is to describe the burden, types of Candidiasis, mechanism of action of antifungal agents and its resistance and the current novel approaches used to combat candidiasis. METHODS We have collected and analyzed 135 different peer-reviewed literature studies pertinent to candidiasis. In this review, we have compiled the major findings from these studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The review describes the concerns related to candidiasis, its current treatment strategy, resistance mechanisms and imminent ways to tackle the problem. The review explored that natural plant extracts and essential oils could act as sources of newer therapeutic agents, however, the focus was on novel strategies, such as combinational therapy, new antibodies, utilization of photodynamic therapy and adaptive transfer primed immune cells with emphasis on the development of effective vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru- 570015, India
| | - M Afrasim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - S I Meenakshi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru-570015, India
| | - M Manohar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru- 570015, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- Department of Anaesthesia, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru - 570004, India
| | - H Siddaramaiah
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru - 570006, India
| | - P Sathishbabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru- 570015, India
| | - S M Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
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