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Bruno LH, Mandetta ARH, Sobral APT, Leal Gonçalves ML, Santos EM, Fossati AL, Gallo JMAS, Motta PDB, Deana AM, Horliana ACRT, Motta LJ, Ferrari RAM, Santos Fernandes KP, Kalil Bussadori S. Assessment of photodynamic therapy with annatto and led for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children: Randomized controlled clinical trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307957. [PMID: 39226284 PMCID: PMC11371243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) employing an annatto-based (20%) dye combined with blue LED for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two children six to twelve years of age with diagnoses of mouth breathing and halitosis (score of ≥ 3 on portable breath meter) Breath Alert™ (Tanita Corporation®-Japan), were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 26). Group 1: brushing, dental floss and aPDT applied to middle third of the dorsum of the tongue. Group 2: brushing, dental floss and tongue scraper. Breath meter results before, immediately after treatment as well as seven and 30 days after treatment were compared. The hypothesis of normality in the data was discarded by the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05) and for statistical analysis the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the pre-treatment reading and all other readings (p < 0.05) in both groups, suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed treatments. No significant difference was found between the post-treatment reading and two follow-up readings, suggesting the maintenance of the effect of treatment over time (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were found between groups for all post-treatment assessments (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), indicating greater effectiveness with aPDT. No association was found between the initial reading and the presence of coated tongue. CONCLUSION Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using annatto and blue LED proved to be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hermida Bruno
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonic Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Elaine Marcilio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Fossati
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonic Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Pamella de Barros Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonic Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonic Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonic Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonic Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
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Motta PDB, Gonçalves MLL, Gallo JMAS, Sobral APT, Motta LJ, Mayer MPA, Kawamoto D, de Andrade DC, Santos EM, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Deana AM, Horliana ACRT, Kalil Bussadori S. Short term effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and probiotic L. salivarius WB21 on halitosis: A controlled and randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297351. [PMID: 38954692 PMCID: PMC11218947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and the use of probiotics on the treatment of halitosis. METHODS Fifty-two participants, aged from 18 to 25 years, exhaling sulfhydride (H2S) ≥ 112 ppb were selected. They were allocated into 4 groups (n = 13): Group 1: tongue scraper; Group 2: treated once with aPDT; Group 3: probiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (6.7 x 108 CFU) and xylitol (280mg), 3 times a day after meals, for 14 days; Group 4: treated once with aPDT and with the probiotic capsule for 14 days. Halimetry with gas chromatography (clinical evaluation) and microbiological samples were collected from the dorsum of the tongue before and after aPDT, as well as after 7, 14, and 30 days. The clinical data failed to follow a normal distribution; therefore, comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test (independent measures) and Friedman ANOVA (dependent measures) followed by appropriate posthoc tests, when necessary. For the microbiological data, seeing as the data failed to follow a normal distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was performed with Dunn's post-test. The significance level was α = 0.05. RESULTS Clinical results (halimetry) showed an immediate significant reduction in halitosis with aPDT (p = 0.0008) and/or tongue scraper (p = 0.0006). Probiotics showed no difference in relation to the initial levels (p = 0.7530). No significant differences were found in the control appointments. The amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were not altered throughout the analysis (p = 0.1616, p = 0.2829 and p = 0.2882, respectively). CONCLUSION There was an immediate clinical reduction of halitosis with aPDT and tongue scraping, but there was no reduction in the number of bacteria throughout the study, or differences in the control times, both in the clinical and microbiological results. New clinical trials are necessary to better assess the tested therapies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT03996044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella de Barros Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Universidade Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Universidade Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
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de Barros Motta P, Gonçalves MLL, Gallo JMAS, Sobral APT, Motta LJ, Santos EM, de Andrade DJC, Duran CCG, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK. Evaluation of the Oral Microbiome before and after Treatments for Halitosis with Photodynamic Therapy and Probiotics-Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1123. [PMID: 38891198 PMCID: PMC11172044 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare photodynamic therapy and the use of probiotics in reducing halitosis assessed through gas chromatography and microbiome analysis. METHODS Participants aged from 18 to 25 years showing sulfide (SH2) ≥ 112 ppb on gas chromatography were selected. They were divided into four treatment groups: Group 1-Tongue Scraping; Group 2-Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT); Group 3-Probiotics; and Group 4-Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) and Probiotics. The halimetry process was performed before, immediately after the treatments, and 7 days, 14 days, and 30 days after the initial collection. The collections for later microbiological analysis were made along with the halimetry for microbiome analysis. RESULTS Treatment with aPDT or probiotics under these experimental conditions was not able to change the bacteria present in the biofilm of the tongue. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to know the behavior of the oral microbiome in the presence of halitosis and the effectiveness of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella de Barros Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.G.); (A.P.T.S.); (E.M.S.)
| | | | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.G.); (A.P.T.S.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (M.L.L.G.); (A.P.T.S.); (E.M.S.)
| | | | - Cinthya Cosme Gutierrez Duran
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (C.C.G.D.); (K.P.S.F.); (R.A.M.-F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
- Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil
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Mikulich AV, Plavskii VY, Tretyakova AI, Nahorny RK, Sobchuk AN, Dudchik NV, Emeliyanova OA, Zhabrouskaya AI, Plavskaya LG, Ananich TS, Dudinova ON, Leusenka IA, Yakimchuk SV, Svechko AD, Tien TQ, Tong QC, Nguyen TP. Potential of using medicinal plant extracts as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38456366 DOI: 10.1111/php.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to overcome antimicrobial resistance. However, for widespread implementation of this approach, approved photosensitizers are needed. In this study, we used commercially available preparations (Calendulae officinalis floridis extract, Chamomillae recutitae floridis extract, Achillea millefolii herbae extract; Hypericum perforatum extract; Eucalyptus viminalis folia extract) as photosensitizers for inactivation of gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Spectral-luminescent analysis has shown that the major chromophores are of chlorophyll (mainly chlorophyll a and b) and hypericin nature. The extracts are efficient generators of singlet oxygen with quantum yield (γΔ ) from 0.40 to 0.64 (reference compound, methylene blue with γΔ = 0.52). In APDT assays, bacteria before irradiation were incubated with extracts for 30 min. After irradiation and 24 h of incubation, colony-forming units (CFU) were counted. Upon exposure of P. aeruginosa to radiation of 405 nm, 590 nm, and 660 nm at equal energy dose of 30 J/cm2 (irradiance - 100 mW/cm2 , exposure time - 5 min), the most pronounced effect is observed with blue light (>3 log10 reduction); in case of S. aureus, the effect is approximately equivalent for light of indicated wavelengths and dose (>4 log10 reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr V Mikulich
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Vitaly Yu Plavskii
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Antonina I Tretyakova
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Raman K Nahorny
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Andrey N Sobchuk
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Natalia V Dudchik
- Republican Unitary Enterprise «Scientific Practical Centre of Hygiene», Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Olga A Emeliyanova
- Republican Unitary Enterprise «Scientific Practical Centre of Hygiene», Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Anastasia I Zhabrouskaya
- Republican Unitary Enterprise «Scientific Practical Centre of Hygiene», Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Ludmila G Plavskaya
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Tatsiana S Ananich
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Olga N Dudinova
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Ihar A Leusenka
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergey V Yakimchuk
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Alexei D Svechko
- State Scientific Institution "B.I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus", Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Tran Quoc Tien
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Cong Tong
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Phuong Nguyen
- School of Engineering Physics, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Gonçalves MLL, Sobral APT, Gallo JMAS, Gimenez T, Ferri EP, Ianello S, Motta PDB, Motta LJ, Horliana ACRT, Santos EM, Bussadori SK. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with erythrosine and blue light on dental biofilm bacteria: study protocol for randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075084. [PMID: 37730405 PMCID: PMC10510942 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective is to investigate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by erythrosine and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) in the reduction of bacteria in dental biofilm. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This clinical trial will be conducted with 30 patients who have biofilm, but without the presence of periodontal pockets, and who are being treated at the Dental Clinic of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos. A split-mouth model will be used (n=30), with group 1 control (conventional treatment) and group 2 (conventional treatment and aPDT). The bicarbonate jet will be used to remove dental biofilm in both groups. The treatment will be carried out in one session. aPDT will be performed before cleaning/prophylaxis, only in group 2. Participants will rinse with the photosensitiser erythrosine (diluted to 1 mM) for 1 min of pre-irradiation time, so that the drug can stain all the bacterial biofilm. Then, the D-2000 LED (DMC) will be applied, emitting at a wavelength of ʎ=470 nm, radiant power of 1000 mW, irradiance of 0.532 W/cm2 and radiant exposure of 63.8 J/cm2. Irradiation will be performed until the biofilm of the cervical region is illuminated for 2 min/point (4 cm2). The microbiological examination will be performed from samples of supragingival biofilm collected from the gingival sulcus. Collection will be performed in each experimental site before irradiation, immediately after the irradiation procedure and after the prophylaxis. Colony-forming units will be counted and the data will be submitted for statistical analysis for comparison of pretreatment and post-treatment results and between groups (conventional X aPDT). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos under process number 66984123.0.0000.5509. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05805761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti Gallo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Veterinary Medicine in the Coastal Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Gimenez
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza Padilha Ferri
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sara Ianello
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Pamella de Barros Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bruno LH, Sobral APT, Gonçalves MLL, Fossati AL, Santos EM, Gallo JMAS, Ferri EP, Motta PDB, Prates RA, Deana AM, Horliana ACRT, Motta LJ, Bussadori SK. Comparative study between photodynamic therapy and the use of probiotics in the reduction of halitosis in mouth breathing children: Study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33512. [PMID: 37058047 PMCID: PMC10101314 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Halitosis is a term that defines any odor or foul smell the emanates from the oral cavity, the origin of which may be local or systemic. One of the causes of local or oral halitosis is low salivary flow and dry mouth, which is also one of the complaints of individuals with the mouth-breathing habit. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and the use of probiotics for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children. METHODS Fifty-two children between 7 and 12 years of age with a diagnosis of mouth breathing and halitosis determined through an interview and clinical examination will be selected. The participants will be divided into 4 groups: Group 1-treatment with brushing, dental floss and tongue scraper; Group 2-brushing, dental floss and aPDT applied to the dorsum and middle third of the tongue; Group 3-brushing, dental floss and probiotics; Group 4-brushing, dental floss, aPDT and probiotics. The use of a breath meter and microbiological analysis of the tongue coating will be performed before, immediately after treatment and 7 days after treatment. The quantitative analysis will involve counts of colony-forming bacteria per milliliter and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The normality of the data will be determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Parametric data will be submitted to analysis of variance and nonparametric data will be compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of each treatment in the different periods of the study will be compared using the Wilcoxon test. DISCUSSION Due to the low level of evidence, studies are needed to determine whether treatment with aPDT using annatto as the photosensitizer and blue led as the light source is effective at diminishing halitosis in mouth-breathing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hermida Bruno
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Fossati
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidad Católica del Uruguay (UCU), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elaine Marcilio Santos
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Elza Padilha Ferri
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Pamella de Barros Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Araujo Prates
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins LFB, de Sena LR, de Paula DM, Feitosa VP, Horliana ACRT, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Motta LJ, Gonçalves MLL, Bussadori SK. Investigation on the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct for management of deep caries lesions-study protocol for a randomized, parallel groups, controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:165. [PMID: 36870982 PMCID: PMC9985277 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternatively to conventional treatments, chemo-mechanical caries removal agents can be used. A modality of treatment that has been increasing in dentistry is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Bixa orellana is being researched for application in aPDT. This protocol aims to determine the effectiveness of aPDT with Bixa orellana extract in deep caries lesions. METHODS A total of 160 teeth with deep occlusal dental caries will be selected and divided into 4 groups: G1 - control group (Caries removal with a low-speed drill); G2 - Partial Caries Removal with Papacarie™ (Fórmula e Ação, São Paulo, SP, Brazil); G3 - Partial Caries Removal with Papacarie™ and application Bixa orellana extract (20%) (Fórmula e Ação, São Paulo, SP, Brazil); G4 - Partial Caries Removal with Papacarie™ and application Bixa orellana extract (20%) with LED (Valo Cordless Ultradent®, South Jordan, UT, USA) (aPDT). After treatment, all the teeth will be restored with glass ionomer cement and followed up clinically and radiographically, with evaluations at immediately, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Dentin samples before and after treatment will be analyzed microbiologically. The efficacy of treatments will be assessed with microbiological (colony-forming units, before and after carious tissue removal), radiographic (integrity of the periapical area and eventual changes in the radiolucent zones), and clinical examinations (retention of the restorative material in the cavity and occurrence of secondary caries), as well as with the time required for the procedures and the need for anesthesia during the procedures. In case data distribution is normal, analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used for both the dependent and independent variables. In case the data distribution is not normal, the Friedman test will be used for the dependent variables. For independent variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test will be used. DISCUSSION Procedures using aPDT have been developed for the treatment of dental caries, but there are few controlled clinical trials in the literature confirming its efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT05236205 and it was first posted on 01/21/2022 and last updated on 05/10/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Filipe Barbosa Martins
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Silva Junior ZS, Dos Santos LAD, Gonçalves MLL, Gallo JMAS, da Silva T, Motta LJ, Santos EM, Horliana ACRT, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Bussadori SK. Photodynamic therapy with acai (Euterpe oleracea) and blue light in oral cells: A spectroscopic and cytotoxicity analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200259. [PMID: 36349809 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with blue light-emitting diode (LED) 460 nm at 25, 50 and 100 J/cm2 using three concentrations of acai extracts (100, 40, and 10 mg/ml), in the proliferation and viability of head and neck tumor lines (SCC9). METHODS Three groups of cells were analyzed for 3 days in an in vitro assay with MTT (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5, -diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and crystal violet: cells in the absence of acai extract and PDT (control group); cells in the presence of acai extract and no light; and cells in the presence of acai extract and LED blue light (PDT groups). RESULTS When using acai as a PS combined with blue LED (460 nm, 0.7466 cm2 , 1000 mW/cm2 ) and irradiation at 25, 50, and 100 J/cm2 , after 72 h, cell viability (p < 0.0001 vs. control, p = 0.0027 vs. 100 mg/ml açai group, p = 0.0039 vs. 40 mg/ml açai group, p = 0.0135 vs. 10 mg/ml açai group; One-Way ANOVA/Tukey) and proliferation (p < 0.05, One-Way ANOVA/Tukey) decreased. CONCLUSION The acai in question is a potential photosensitizer (PS), with blue light absorbance and efficacy against head and neck tumor lines (SCC9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenildo Santos Silva Junior
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Andreo Dias Dos Santos
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tamiris da Silva
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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An Overview of Potential Natural Photosensitizers in Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010224. [PMID: 36672732 PMCID: PMC9855789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. There are several different types of cancer recognized thus far, which can be treated by different approaches including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination thereof. However, these approaches have certain drawbacks and limitations. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is regarded as an alternative noninvasive approach for cancer treatment based on the generation of toxic oxygen (known as reactive oxygen species (ROS)) at the treatment site. PDT requires photoactivation by a photosensitizer (PS) at a specific wavelength (λ) of light in the vicinity of molecular oxygen (singlet oxygen). The cell death mechanisms adopted in PDT upon PS photoactivation are necrosis, apoptosis and stimulation of the immune system. Over the past few decades, the use of natural compounds as a photoactive agent for the selective eradication of neoplastic lesions has attracted researchers' attention. Many reviews have focused on the PS cell death mode of action and photonanomedicine approaches for PDT, while limited attention has been paid to the photoactivation of phytocompounds. Photoactivation is ever-present in nature and also found in natural plant compounds. The availability of various laser light setups can play a vital role in the discovery of photoactive phytocompounds that can be used as a natural PS. Exploring phytocompounds for their photoactive properties could reveal novel natural compounds that can be used as a PS in future pharmaceutical research. In this review, we highlight the current research regarding several photoactive phytocompound classes (furanocoumarins, alkaloids, poly-acetylenes and thiophenes, curcumins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and natural extracts) and their photoactive potential to encourage researchers to focus on studies of natural agents and their use as a potent PS to enhance the efficiency of PDT.
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10
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Wang N, Hao S, Zhang J, Yang J. Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy on halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 38:29. [PMID: 36585474 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis is a widespread health problem with complex factors, and therapeutic effects sometimes are unsatisfactory. Plenty of clinical trials have tried to prove the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT), but the results are indeterminate. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PDT on halitosis. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to August 10, 2022, and only studies about the PDT on halitosis were included. The criteria for meta-analysis comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the treatment of PDT with tongue scraper (TS) immediately after the halitosis therapy and during a 7-, 14-, 30-, and 90-day follow-up. Eight eligible studies involving 345 patients were included in this study. It was shown that PDT (MD = - 34.49, 95% CI [- 66.34, - 2.64], P = 0.03) or PDT + TS (MD = - 67.72, 95% CI [- 101.17, - 34.28], P < 0.001) had better efficacy than TS on the H2S concentration reduction immediately after the halitosis therapy. No significant differences were observed in reducing the H2S among TS, PDT alone, and PDT + TS at the follow-up. Besides, no difference between PDT and TS was found in the reduction of CH3SCH3 and CH3SH. Based on the current evidence, PDT and PDT + TS demonstrate efficacy in the treatment of halitosis in the short term, and PDT was shown to be a beneficial and promising therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Woźniak A, Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K. Effectiveness of lasers and aPDT in elimination of intraoral halitosis: a systematic review based on clinical trials. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3403-3411. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in research showing positive results in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and laser therapy (LT) in dentistry. The authors of this review tried to answer the question: “Is the effectiveness of lasers and aPDT in the elimination of intraoral halitosis possible?” For this purpose, the electronic database of PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched until September 2021 using a combination of different keywords: (bad breath OR fetor ex ore OR halitosis OR oral malodor) AND (laser OR PDT OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR photodynamic therapy OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy). Initially, 83 studies were identified. A total of 9 articles were qualified after the application of the eligibility criteria. Eight works concerned aPDT treatment, and only one dedicated to the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. A significant reduction in halitosis occurred immediately after both LT and aPDT. The review found the confirmation of the effectiveness of laser therapy in reducing the number of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) and the amount of anaerobic bacteria responsible for VSC formation. In most studies, a positive effect was observed for a 1-week follow-up. Laser therapy (aPDT, Er,Cr:YSGG) effectively eliminates microorganisms that produce volatile compounds and can effectively eliminate bad breath for the longer period of time than traditional methods of combatting this ailment.
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12
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Akbarizare M. Photodynamic Inactivation Property of Saffron (Crocus sativus) as a Natural Photosensitizer in Combination with Blue Light in Microbial Strains. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.16.6.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Randomized and Controlled Clinical Studies on Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy: An Overview. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is considered a critical public health problem. The need to establish alternative approaches to countering resistant microorganisms is unquestionable in overcoming this problem. Among emerging alternatives, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become promising to control infectious diseases. aPDT is based on the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by a particular wavelength of light followed by generation of the reactive oxygen. These interactions result in the production of reactive oxygen species, which are lethal to bacteria. Several types of research have shown that aPDT has been successfully studied in in vitro, in vivo, and randomized clinical trials (RCT). Considering the lack of reviews of RCTs studies with aPDT applied in bacteria in the literature, we performed a systematic review of aPDT randomized clinical trials for the treatment of bacteria-related diseases. According to the literature published from 2008 to 2022, the RCT study of aPDT was mostly performed for periodontal disease, followed by halitosis, dental infection, peri-implantitis, oral decontamination, and skin ulcers. A variety of PSs, light sources, and protocols were efficiently used, and the treatment did not cause any side effects for the individuals.
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Coelho Dos Santos D, Silva Barboza AD, Ribeiro JS, Rodrigues Junior SA, Campos ÂD, Lund RG. Bixa orellana L. (Achiote, Annatto) as an antimicrobial agent: A scoping review of its efficiency and technological prospecting. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114961. [PMID: 34968663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bixa orellana L. is reported to have numerous applications in traditional medicine and pharmacological properties such as wound healing, analgesic, hemostatic, and antioxidant activities. Recently, the literature has shown scientific interest of its antimicrobial properties aiming the development of cost-effective phytotherapeutic agents. However, no literature are available in witch the antimicrobial and technological prospecting are summarized. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to systematically review articles and patents related to the antimicrobial activity of B. orellana. METHODS The review followed the guidelines proposed by The Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Two reviewers performed a literature search up to November 2021 in eight databases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Scifinder, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Scielo, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. The following databases for the patent search were analyzed: United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Google Patents, National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and Espacenet (European Patent Office, EPO). The grey literature was searched using the ProQuest Dissertations and Periódicos Capes Theses database. The methodological quality and risk of bias in the included studies were carried out using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.3.5. RESULTS After analyzing the 47 studies and five patents fulfilled all the criteria and were included in the present investigation. The evidence suggests that this herbal medicine is effective against several fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, being more effective to Gram-negative bacteria. Regarding the risk of bias and methodological quality analysis, most studies a high risk of bias related to random sequence generation and allocation concealment. CONCLUSION Up to now, the evidence in the literature suggests that the use of B. orellana preparations for antimicrobial preparations has some effectiveness. However, further research is needed using standard B. orellana preparations to determine their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents and expanding their application at an industrial level, in addition in vivo studies are needed for this confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Coelho Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ângela Diniz Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Temperate Climate, Monte Bonito, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guerra Lund
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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David SLJ, Julián GCC, Liliana VSC, Ayala-Aponte AA, Liliana SC. Kinetics and bixine extraction time from achiote ( Bixa Orellana L.). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1239-1246. [PMID: 35185219 PMCID: PMC8814290 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the use of solvents (96% ethanol and PEG 400), solute ratios: solvent (1: 4 and 1: 6 w/w), extraction temperatures (50 and 60 °C) and leaching techniques (conventional and assisted by ultrasound) on the concentration and time of extraction of bixin from Achiote (Bixa Orellana L.) were evaluated. The extraction kinetics were constructed, and their orders were determined. The experimental values were adjusted through the mathematical models of Peleg and Azuara. ANOVA was used based on a 23 design, blocking type of technology. The kinetics showed two stages of extraction: rapid and slow. The reaction orders were decimal numbers, which indicates the complexity of the extraction mechanism. The highest orders of reaction (2.97 and 2.075) were presented with extraction with ultrasound-assisted and ethanol as solvent, at 50 and 60 °C and solute solvent ratio 1: 4 and 1: 6, respectively. The concentration of Bixin was increased by approximately 30% by increasing the temperature. The Azuara model presented the highest adjustment with a standard error < 0.1. The conventional leaching with PEG-400 required the lowest activation energy (9.2 kJ / mol) and with this treatment in 66 min the highest concentration of bixin (2.74 mgBix / gExt) was obtained. It was concluded that ultrasound-assisted leaching facilitates the extraction of bixin pigment, and the use of PEG 400 solvent is useful to obtain higher yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soto-Lorza Juan David
- Facultad de Ingeniería Y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 # 12-00, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | | | - Vargas-Serna Claudia Liliana
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Alfredo Adolfo Ayala-Aponte
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00Santiago de Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Serna-Cock Liliana
- Facultad de Ingeniería Y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Carrera 32 # 12-00, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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Antiviral Plants from Marajó Island, Brazilian Amazon: A Narrative Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051542. [PMID: 35268642 PMCID: PMC8911695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by viruses are a global threat, resulting in serious medical and social problems for humanity. They are the main contributors to many minor and major outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics worldwide. Over the years, medicinal plants have been used as a complementary treatment in a range of diseases. In this sense, this review addresses promising antiviral plants from Marajó island, a part of the Amazon region, which is known to present a very wide biodiversity of medicinal plants. The present review has been limited to articles and abstracts available in Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar, as well as the patent offices in Brazil (INPI), United States (USPTO), Europe (EPO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). As a result, some plants from Marajó island were reported to have actions against HIV-1,2, HSV-1,2, SARS-CoV-2, HAV and HBV, Poliovirus, and influenza. Our major conclusion is that plants of the Marajó region show promising perspectives regarding pharmacological potential in combatting future viral diseases.
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Wyszyńska M, Nitsze-Wierzba M, Białożyt-Bujak E, Kasperski J, Skucha-Nowak M. The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235560. [PMID: 34884262 PMCID: PMC8658399 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is a review of recent scientific literature about intra-oral halitosis among patients using dentures. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant smell comes out of the oral cavity, which is caused mainly by volatile sulfur and non-sulfured compounds. The etiology of halitosis may be intra- or extra-oral; in most patients, however, it is due to the activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity. The problem of the occurrence of intra-oral halitosis has accompanied patients for many years. In dental prosthetics, the problem of halitosis occurs in patients using removable or fixed dentures. In both cases, new niches for the development of microorganisms may be created, including those related to intra-oral halitosis. It should be noted that dentures—both fixed and removable—are a foreign body placed in the patient’s oral cavity which, in case of insufficient hygiene, may constitute a reservoir of microorganisms, causing this unpleasant condition. Conventional treatment of intraoral halitosis reduces microbial activity via chemical and/or mechanical action. Currently, the search for new strategies in the treatment of halitosis is in progress. One idea is to use photodynamic therapy, while another is to modify poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with silver and graphene nanoparticles. Additionally, attempts have been made to combine those two methods. Another unconventional method of treating halitosis is the use of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Unit of Dental Material Sciences, Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Nitsze-Wierzba
- Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (J.K.)
| | - Ewa Białożyt-Bujak
- Unit of Dental Material Sciences, Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (J.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Unit of Dental Propedeutics, Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Gonçalves MLL, Santos EM, Renno ACM, Horliana ACRT, Cruz MDA, Parisi JR, Prates RA, Leal-Rossi A, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Bussadori SK. Erythrosine as a photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with blue light-emitting diodes - An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102445. [PMID: 34284146 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to test the absorbance of a new composition of erythrosine, its pH, cell viability and potential as a photo sensitizer against Candida albicans when irratiaded with blue light emitting-diode (LED). METHODS For pH and absorbance tests, erythrosine was prepared at a concentration of 0.03/ml. The cells of the L929 strain were cultured and the alamarBlue® assay was performed on samples to assess cell viability. For the microbiological essay, the strain of Candida albicans ATCC 90028 was selected. Yeast suspensions were divided into the following groups: control without irradiation or photosensitizer (C), irradiated group without photosensitizer (L), photosensitizer group without irradiation (0), and groups that received photosensitizer and irradiation, called aPDT groups. RESULTS Erythrosine had no significant changes in pH and its absorbance was also consistent (≅400 nm). When it came to cell viability, on the first day, the group that was in contact with the dye and irradiated with the LED in minimun power was found to have the higher cell proliferation. On day 3, both irradiated groups (maximum and minimum) showed the highest cell proliferation. In the microbiological essay with C. albicans, aPDT groups started to show microbial reduction after 60 and 90 s of irradiation and when irradiated for 120 s, 6 microbial reduction logs were found. CONCLUSIONS The erythrosine in question is a PS, with pH stability, blue light absorbance, cell viability and efficacy against C. albicans. More studies with this PS should be encouraged in order to verify its performance in aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil; Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Muniz Renno
- Postgraduation Program in Bioproducts and Bioprocesses and Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Matheus de Almeida Cruz
- Postgraduation Program in Bioproducts and Bioprocesses and Postgraduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julia Risso Parisi
- Physiotherapy, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Araújo Prates
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Leal-Rossi
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Polat E, Kang K. Natural Photosensitizers in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:584. [PMID: 34063973 PMCID: PMC8224061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Health problems and reduced treatment effectiveness due to antimicrobial resistance have become important global problems and are important factors that negatively affect life expectancy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is constantly evolving and can minimize this antimicrobial resistance problem. Reactive oxygen species produced when nontoxic photosensitizers are exposed to light are the main functional components of APDT responsible for microbial destruction; therefore, APDT has a broad spectrum of target pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Various photosensitizers, including natural extracts, compounds, and their synthetic derivatives, are being investigated. The main limitations, such as weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, solubility, specificity, and cost, encourage the exploration of new photosensitizer candidates. Many additional methods, such as cell surface engineering, cotreatment with membrane-damaging agents, nanotechnology, computational simulation, and sonodynamic therapy, are also being investigated to develop novel APDT methods with improved properties. In this review, we summarize APDT research, focusing on natural photosensitizers used in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In addition, we describe the limitations observed for natural photosensitizers and the methods developed to counter those limitations with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Polat
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea
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20
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Motta PDB, Motta LJ, Costa da Mota AC, Leal Gonçalves ML, Silva T, Momolli M, de Andrade DC, Santos Fernandes KP, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Deana AM, Wainwright M, Prates RA, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK. Comparative study between photodynamic therapy with urucum + Led and probiotics in halitosis reduction-protocol for a controlled clinical trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247096. [PMID: 33989296 PMCID: PMC8121297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Halitosis is a term that defines any foul odor emanating from the oral cavity. The origin may be local or systemic. The aim of the proposed protocol is to determine whether treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and treatment with probiotics are effective at eliminating halitosis. Materials and methods Eighty-eight patients, from 18 to 25 years old with a diagnosis of halitosis (H2S≥112 ppb, determined by gas chromatography) will be randomly allocated to four groups (n = 22) that will receive different treatments: Group 1 –treatment with teeth brushing, dental floss and tongue scraper; Group 2 –brushing, dental floss and aPDT; Group 3 –brushing, dental floss and probiotics; Group 4 –brushing, flossing, aPDT and probiotics. The results of the halimetry will be compared before, immediately after, seven days and thirty days after treatment. The microbiological analysis of the coated tongue will be performed at these same times. The normality of the data will be determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data with normal distribution will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Non-parametric data will be analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Wilcoxon test will be used to analyze the results of each treatment at the different evaluation periods. Clinical trail registration NCT03996044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella de Barros Motta
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Costa da Mota
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Letícia Leal Gonçalves
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Momolli
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Renato Araujo Prates
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
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21
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da Mota ACC, Gonçalves MLL, Horliana ACRT, Deana AM, de Souza Cavalcante LA, Gomes AO, Mayer MPA, Suguimoto ESA, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Prates RA, Motta LJ, Bussadori SK. Effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red led and methylene blue on the reduction of halitosis: controlled microbiological clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:877-886. [PMID: 33987732 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using a red light-emitting diode (LED) on the reduction of halitosis and microbiological levels in the tongue coating immediately after irradiation, 7, 14, and 30 days after treatment. Forty-five young adults diagnosed with halitosis were allocated to three groups: G1, aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue and red LED (660 nm, four irradiation points, 90 s per point, power of 400 mW, 36 J per point, radiant exposure of 95 J/cm2, continuous wave); G2, tongue scraping; and G3, tongue scraping and aPDT. Gas chromatography was performed before and immediately after treatment, as well as at the different follow-up times. Microbiological samples were collected at the same times from the dorsum of the tongue, and bacteria were quantified in the samples using real-time PCRq. The Wilcoxon test was used for the intragroup analyses, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the intergroup analyses. In the intragroup analyses, differences were found before and immediately after treatment in all groups (p < 0.05). The effect was maintained after 7 days only in the tongue scraping group (p < 0.05). In the intergroup analysis, no statistically significant differences were found among the groups (p > 0.05). For the microbiological analyses, no statistically significant differences were found in the groups/bacteria that were analyzed (p > 0.05). aPDT using a red LED and 0.005% methylene blue caused an immediate reduction in halitosis, but the effect was not maintained after 7, 14, or 30 days. No reduction occurred in the number of bacteria investigated or the quantification of universal 16S rRNA. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03656419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Costa da Mota
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil.,Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Conselheiro Nébias Avenue, Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, ZIP 11045-002, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos,, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Lisyanne Araújo de Souza Cavalcante
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Andréa Oliver Gomes
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Renato Araújo Prates
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil. .,Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Conselheiro Nébias Avenue, Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, ZIP 11045-002, Brazil. .,Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, Vergueiro Street, 235/249, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, ZIP 01504-001, Brazil.
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Romero SS, do Vale KL, Remolina VG, Silva TG, Schalch TO, Ramalho KM, Negreiros RM, Ando ES, Mayer MPA, Mesquita Ferrari RA, Motta LJ, Fernandes KPS, Bussadori SK, Horliana ACRT. Oral hygiene associated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or lingual scraper in the reduction of halitosis after 90 days follow up: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102057. [PMID: 33238198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can reduce halitosis immediately after application, it returns after a week. This probably occurs because bacteria residing in the oral cavity may recolonize the dorsum of the tongue. OBJECTIVE Verify if modification of oral hygiene behavior associated with aPDT or lingual scraper can reduce halitosis after a 90-day follow-up. METHODS Forty adults with positive halitosis were randomized in G1 (n = 20) -aPDT + oral hygiene behavior (OHB) or G2 (n = 20)- lingual scraper + OHB. G1 group were submitted to 0.005 % methylene blue in the middle and posterior third of the tongue, with pre-irradiation of 1 min. Irradiations were performed with red laser diode (λ =660 nm), 100 mW, 318 J/cm2, 3537 mW/cm2, 9 J per point at 6 points. In the G2 group, the tongue was scraped 10 times on the right side and on the left side with a tongue scraper. All patients were instructed on OHB at baseline, 7 and 90 days (guidance on the use of dental floss and the Bass technique for brushing). Halitosis was evaluated by gas chromatography (OralChroma®). Values > 112 ppb for Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas was considered positive halitosis. Methylmercaptanes and dimethylsulfide were also measured. The gas measures were assessed at baseline, immediately, and at 7 and 90 days. Paired t-test was used for the statistical analysis. For comparison between groups, the t-test was used. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was no difference between groups immediately after treatment (p = .1532) after 7 days (p = 0.9312) and 90 days (p = 0.6642). For the aPDT group, there was a decrease in hydrogen sulfide immediately after treatment (p = 0.0001), after 7 days, values remained 3-fold smaller (p = 0.0088) and 2-fold smaller after 90 days (p = 0.0270). For the scraper group, there was a decrease immediately after treatment (p = 0.0001), the values remains 2-fold smaller (p = 0.0003) after 7 days and 3 months (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The oral hygiene behavior associated with aPDT or tongue scraper was not able to reduce halitosis after 90-day follow-up. Despite halitosis remaining higher than 112 ppb in all follow-up periods, the mean values remain 2 or 3 fold smaller than baseline values. Future studies should include other oral hygiene behavior to achieve better results in the treatment of halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santos Romero
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Katia Llanos do Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Gomes Remolina
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thayná Gomes Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Oppido Schalch
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Renata Matalon Negreiros
- Specialization in Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology at Fundecto - FFO, School of Dentistry - FOUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Sayuri Ando
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Pinto Alves Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho, University UNINOVE, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Javed F. Halitosis and photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102006. [PMID: 32950729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, United States.
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Guedes CC, Bussadori SK, Garcia ACM, Motta LJ, Gomes AO, Weber R, Amancio OMS. Accuracy of a portable breath meter test for the detection of halitosis in children and adolescents. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1764. [PMID: 32935823 PMCID: PMC7470429 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the Breath-Alert™ portable breath meter (BA) for the detection of halitosis in children and adolescents, considering the organoleptic test (OT) as the gold standard in this assessment. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 children (aged 6-12 years). OT was performed by three independent examiners on a single occasion, obtaining three scores of 0-5 points on the Rosenberg's organoleptic scale. The median of the three evaluations for each child was used for analysis. BA was used according to the manufacturer's instructions, with breath odor scored from 0-5 points. Scores ≥2 on both tests were considered indicative of halitosis. RESULTS A total of 26 (17.3%) and 23 (15.3%) children were detected with halitosis on the OT and BA tests, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the BA scores for the detection of halitosis were 80.76% and 98.38%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for BA were 91.3% and 96.06%, respectively. CONCLUSION In the present study involving children, who require fast, practical examinations, BA proved to be an auxiliary tool to OT for the detection of halitosis in the practice of pediatric dentistry, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raimar Weber
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Infantil Sabara, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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