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Maruyama T, Ekuni D, Yokoi A, Nagasaki J, Sawada N, Morita M. Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on the Tongue Dorsum on Reducing Halitosis and the Duration of the Effect: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:980. [PMID: 38786391 PMCID: PMC11121130 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that is gaining popularity in modern clinical medicine. However, little is known about the effect of PDT alone on reducing oral halitosis and the duration of the effect. This trial examined the effect of PDT on the tongue dorsum on reducing oral halitosis and the duration of the effect. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Okayama University Hospital (CRB20-015), and it was registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs061200060). Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: an intervention group and control group. PDT was performed in the intervention group using red laser emission and methylene blue gel on the middle and posterior area of the tongue dorsum. The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds, bacterial count on the tongue dorsum, probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and simplified oral debris index score were determined before and 1 week after PDT. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the significance of the differences in each parameter between the two groups. We found that the hydrogen sulfide concentration and bacterial count on the tongue dorsum were decreased in the intervention group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results indicated that performing only PDT on the tongue dorsum may not contribute to reducing halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Maruyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (A.Y.)
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (A.Y.)
| | - Aya Yokoi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.E.); (A.Y.)
| | | | - Nanami Sawada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Takarazuka 666-0162, Japan;
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Wang N, Hao S, Zhang J, Yang J. Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy on halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 38:29. [PMID: 36585474 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis is a widespread health problem with complex factors, and therapeutic effects sometimes are unsatisfactory. Plenty of clinical trials have tried to prove the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT), but the results are indeterminate. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PDT on halitosis. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to August 10, 2022, and only studies about the PDT on halitosis were included. The criteria for meta-analysis comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the treatment of PDT with tongue scraper (TS) immediately after the halitosis therapy and during a 7-, 14-, 30-, and 90-day follow-up. Eight eligible studies involving 345 patients were included in this study. It was shown that PDT (MD = - 34.49, 95% CI [- 66.34, - 2.64], P = 0.03) or PDT + TS (MD = - 67.72, 95% CI [- 101.17, - 34.28], P < 0.001) had better efficacy than TS on the H2S concentration reduction immediately after the halitosis therapy. No significant differences were observed in reducing the H2S among TS, PDT alone, and PDT + TS at the follow-up. Besides, no difference between PDT and TS was found in the reduction of CH3SCH3 and CH3SH. Based on the current evidence, PDT and PDT + TS demonstrate efficacy in the treatment of halitosis in the short term, and PDT was shown to be a beneficial and promising therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Periodical Press and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Woźniak A, Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K. Effectiveness of lasers and aPDT in elimination of intraoral halitosis: a systematic review based on clinical trials. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3403-3411. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in research showing positive results in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and laser therapy (LT) in dentistry. The authors of this review tried to answer the question: “Is the effectiveness of lasers and aPDT in the elimination of intraoral halitosis possible?” For this purpose, the electronic database of PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched until September 2021 using a combination of different keywords: (bad breath OR fetor ex ore OR halitosis OR oral malodor) AND (laser OR PDT OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR photodynamic therapy OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy). Initially, 83 studies were identified. A total of 9 articles were qualified after the application of the eligibility criteria. Eight works concerned aPDT treatment, and only one dedicated to the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. A significant reduction in halitosis occurred immediately after both LT and aPDT. The review found the confirmation of the effectiveness of laser therapy in reducing the number of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) and the amount of anaerobic bacteria responsible for VSC formation. In most studies, a positive effect was observed for a 1-week follow-up. Laser therapy (aPDT, Er,Cr:YSGG) effectively eliminates microorganisms that produce volatile compounds and can effectively eliminate bad breath for the longer period of time than traditional methods of combatting this ailment.
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Patil P, Patil L, Triveni MG, Usha GV, Shah R, Kumar AT. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the tongue surface in the management of halitosis – A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Motta PDB, Motta LJ, Campos TM, Gonçalves MLL, Santos EM, Martimbianco ALC, de Andrade DJC, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Fernandes KPS, Horliana ACRT, Bussadori SK. Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:469. [PMID: 35062433 PMCID: PMC8780921 DOI: 10.3390/s22020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of aPDT for the treatment of halitosis. METHODS Search strategies were conducted in October 2021 without language or data restrictions, on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS and BBO, as well as a manual search. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with parallel design were considered for inclusion, assessing individuals (adolescents and adults) with a clinical diagnosis of halitosis treated with photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Primary outcomes assessed were halitosis measurements, adverse events and quality of life. The risk of bias for each included study was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of the body of the evidence was assessed with the GRADe approach. RESULTS Six RCTs (total of 225 participants) were included and due to clinical diversities it was not possible to group the outcome data in meta-analyses. Based on very low-certainty evidence (GRADE) the results showed that, when compared to tongue scraper, aPDT seems to promote a little to no difference in reducing halitosis and in the microbiological analysis. No adverse events were reported. Considering aPDT combined with tongue scraper, better outcome results were observed when compared to tongue scraper alone. CONCLUSIONS Based on very low-certainty evidence, the findings of this review are uncertain about the effects of aPDT for halitosis control. Further RCTs with higher number of participants and long term assessments need to be conducted to support the use of this intervention. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (number: CRD42020215319) on 19 November 2020-retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella de Barros Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Thalita Molinos Campos
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (E.M.S.); (A.L.C.M.)
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (E.M.S.); (A.L.C.M.)
| | - Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil; (E.M.S.); (A.L.C.M.)
| | | | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (P.d.B.M.); (L.J.M.); (T.M.C.); (M.L.L.G.); (R.A.M.-F.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.)
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Wyszyńska M, Nitsze-Wierzba M, Białożyt-Bujak E, Kasperski J, Skucha-Nowak M. The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235560. [PMID: 34884262 PMCID: PMC8658399 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is a review of recent scientific literature about intra-oral halitosis among patients using dentures. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant smell comes out of the oral cavity, which is caused mainly by volatile sulfur and non-sulfured compounds. The etiology of halitosis may be intra- or extra-oral; in most patients, however, it is due to the activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity. The problem of the occurrence of intra-oral halitosis has accompanied patients for many years. In dental prosthetics, the problem of halitosis occurs in patients using removable or fixed dentures. In both cases, new niches for the development of microorganisms may be created, including those related to intra-oral halitosis. It should be noted that dentures—both fixed and removable—are a foreign body placed in the patient’s oral cavity which, in case of insufficient hygiene, may constitute a reservoir of microorganisms, causing this unpleasant condition. Conventional treatment of intraoral halitosis reduces microbial activity via chemical and/or mechanical action. Currently, the search for new strategies in the treatment of halitosis is in progress. One idea is to use photodynamic therapy, while another is to modify poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with silver and graphene nanoparticles. Additionally, attempts have been made to combine those two methods. Another unconventional method of treating halitosis is the use of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wyszyńska
- Unit of Dental Material Sciences, Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Monika Nitsze-Wierzba
- Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (J.K.)
| | - Ewa Białożyt-Bujak
- Unit of Dental Material Sciences, Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasperski
- Department/Institute of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (M.N.-W.); (J.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Skucha-Nowak
- Unit of Dental Propedeutics, Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 15 Poniatowskiego Str., 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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