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Aljamhan AS, Alrefeai MH, Alhabdan A, Alhusseini SA, Farooq I, Vohra F, Naseem M, Alkhudhairy F. Influence of ER-CR-YSGG Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on the Dentin Bond Integrity of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Containing Resin Dentin Adhesive: SEM-EDX, Micro-Raman, Micro-Tensile, and FTIR Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13121903. [PMID: 34201060 PMCID: PMC8228082 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) particles on the mechanical properties of experimental adhesive (EA). Furthermore, dentin interaction of EA (without nano-HA) and EA with nano-HA (hereon referred to as HA-10%) were also investigated and equated. Methods consisting of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to study nano-HA particles shape, dentin bond strength, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive-dentin interaction. Ninety teeth (N = 90) were collected, and pre-bonding, conditioning of dentin was performed utilizing phosphoric acid (H3PO4) etching, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ER-CR-YSGG (ECY) laser. The teeth were set to form bonded specimens using two adhesives. Nano-HA particles were spherical-shaped, and EDX confirmed the presence of oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct phosphate and carbonate peaks for nano-HA. The µTBS test demonstrated highest values for HA-10% group on the H3PO4 conditioned dentin. The greatest DC was observed for the EA group. The addition of nano-HA-10 wt.% particles in dentin adhesive resulted in improved bond strength. The incorporation also demonstrated acceptable DC (although lower than EA group), suitable dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Aljamhan
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad H. Alrefeai
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Alhanouf Alhabdan
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Sarah A. Alhusseini
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Community and Preventive Dental Sciences, Dow International Dental College, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Fahad Alkhudhairy
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (M.H.A.); (A.A.); (S.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Influence of Different Conditioning Treatments on the Bond Integrity of Root Dentin to rGO Infiltrated Dentin Adhesive. SEM, EDX, FTIR and MicroRaman Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101555. [PMID: 34066202 PMCID: PMC8150839 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize and equate the mechanical properties and dentin interaction of two adhesives; experimental adhesive (EA) and 5 wt.% reduced graphene oxide rGO) containing adhesive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Micro-Raman spectroscopy, push-out bond strength test, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to study nano-bond strength, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive-dentin interaction. The EA was prepared, and rGO particles were added to produce two adhesive groups, EA-rGO-0% (control) and rGO-5%. The canals of sixty roots were shaped and prepared, and fiber posts were cemented. The specimens were further alienated into groups based on the root canal disinfection technique, including 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ER-CR-YSGG laser (ECYL). The rGO nanoparticles were flake-shaped, and EDX confirmed the presence of carbon (C). Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct peaks for graphene. Push-out bond strength test demonstrated highest values for the EA-rGO-0% group after NaOCl and PDT conditioning whereas, rGO-5% showed higher values after ECYL conditioning. EA-rGO-0% presented greater DC than rGO-5% adhesive. The rGO-5% adhesive demonstrated comparable push-out bond strength and rheological properties to the controls. The rGO-5% demonstrated acceptable DC (although lower than control group), appropriate dentin interaction, and resin tag establishment.
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