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Ghezal A, Peña CJL, König A. Varroa Mite Counting Based on Hyperspectral Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4437. [PMID: 39065834 PMCID: PMC11281281 DOI: 10.3390/s24144437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Varroa mite infestation poses a severe threat to honeybee colonies globally. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing the HS-Cam and machine learning techniques for Varroa mite counting. The methodology involves image acquisition, dimensionality reduction through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and machine learning-based segmentation and classification algorithms. Specifically, a k-Nearest Neighbors (kNNs) model distinguishes Varroa mites from other objects in the images, while a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier enhances shape detection. The final phase integrates a dedicated counting algorithm, leveraging outputs from the SVM classifier to quantify Varroa mite populations in hyperspectral images. The preliminary results demonstrate segmentation accuracy exceeding 99% and an average precision of 0.9983 and recall of 0.9947 across all the classes. The results obtained from our machine learning-based approach for Varroa mite counting were compared against ground-truth labels obtained through manual counting, demonstrating a high degree of agreement between the automated counting and manual ground truth. Despite working with a limited dataset, the HS-Cam showcases its potential for Varroa counting, delivering superior performance compared to traditional RGB images. Future research directions include validating the proposed hyperspectral imaging methodology with a more extensive and diverse dataset. Additionally, the effectiveness of using a near-infrared (NIR) excitation source for Varroa detection will be explored, along with assessing smartphone integration feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas König
- Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Lehrstuhl Kognitive Integrierte Sensorsysteme, RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (A.G.); (C.J.L.P.)
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2
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Chang S, Krzyzanowska H, Bowden AK. Label-Free Optical Technologies to Enhance Noninvasive Endoscopic Imaging of Early-Stage Cancers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:289-311. [PMID: 38424030 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-014208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
White light endoscopic imaging allows for the examination of internal human organs and is essential in the detection and treatment of early-stage cancers. To facilitate diagnosis of precancerous changes and early-stage cancers, label-free optical technologies that provide enhanced malignancy-specific contrast and depth information have been extensively researched. The rapid development of technology in the past two decades has enabled integration of these optical technologies into clinical endoscopy. In recent years, the significant advantages of using these adjunct optical devices have been shown, suggesting readiness for clinical translation. In this review, we provide an overview of the working principles and miniaturization considerations and summarize the clinical and preclinical demonstrations of several such techniques for early-stage cancer detection. We also offer an outlook for the integration of multiple technologies and the use of computer-aided diagnosis in clinical endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chang
- 1Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Halina Krzyzanowska
- 1Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Audrey K Bowden
- 1Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Qasim AB, Motta A, Studier-Fischer A, Sellner J, Ayala L, Hübner M, Bressan M, Özdemir B, Kowalewski KF, Nickel F, Seidlitz S, Maier-Hein L. Test-time augmentation with synthetic data addresses distribution shifts in spectral imaging. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024; 19:1021-1031. [PMID: 38483702 PMCID: PMC11178652 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-024-03085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical scene segmentation is crucial for providing context-aware surgical assistance. Recent studies highlight the significant advantages of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) over traditional RGB data in enhancing segmentation performance. Nevertheless, the current hyperspectral imaging (HSI) datasets remain limited and do not capture the full range of tissue variations encountered clinically. METHODS Based on a total of 615 hyperspectral images from a total of 16 pigs, featuring porcine organs in different perfusion states, we carry out an exploration of distribution shifts in spectral imaging caused by perfusion alterations. We further introduce a novel strategy to mitigate such distribution shifts, utilizing synthetic data for test-time augmentation. RESULTS The effect of perfusion changes on state-of-the-art (SOA) segmentation networks depended on the organ and the specific perfusion alteration induced. In the case of the kidney, we observed a performance decline of up to 93% when applying a state-of-the-art (SOA) network under ischemic conditions. Our method improved on the state-of-the-art (SOA) by up to 4.6 times. CONCLUSION Given its potential wide-ranging relevance to diverse pathologies, our approach may serve as a pivotal tool to enhance neural network generalization within the realm of spectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bin Qasim
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems (IMSY), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Motta
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems (IMSY), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Studier-Fischer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Sellner
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems (IMSY), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, A Partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ayala
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems (IMSY), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Hübner
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems (IMSY), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bressan
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berkin Özdemir
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Friedrich Kowalewski
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Felix Nickel
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Seidlitz
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems (IMSY), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, A Partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Maier-Hein
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems (IMSY), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Information and Data Science School for Health, Karlsruhe/Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, A Partnership between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Saeed A, Hadoux X, van Wijngaarden P. Hyperspectral retinal imaging biomarkers of ocular and systemic diseases. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03135-9. [PMID: 38778136 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging is a frontier in the field of medical imaging technology. It enables the simultaneous collection of spectroscopic and spatial data. Structural and physiological information encoded in these data can be used to identify and localise typically elusive biomarkers. Studies of retinal hyperspectral imaging have provided novel insights into disease pathophysiology and new ways of non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of retinal and systemic diseases. This review provides a concise overview of recent advances in retinal hyperspectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abera Saeed
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Hadoux
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia.
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3002, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Huang X, Gao X, Fu L. BINGO: a blind unmixing algorithm for ultra-multiplexing fluorescence images. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae052. [PMID: 38291952 PMCID: PMC10873573 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Spectral imaging is often used to observe different objects with multiple fluorescent labels to reveal the development of the biological event. As the number of observed objects increases, the spectral overlap between fluorophores becomes more serious, and obtaining a "pure" picture of each fluorophore becomes a major challenge. Here, we propose a blind spectral unmixing algorithm called BINGO (Blind unmixing via SVD-based Initialization Nmf with project Gradient descent and spare cOnstrain), which can extract all kinds of fluorophores more accurately from highly overlapping multichannel data, even if the spectra of the fluorophores are extremely similar or their fluorescence intensity varies greatly. RESULTS BINGO can isolate up to 10 fluorophores from spectral imaging data for a single excitation. nine-color living HeLa cells were visualized distinctly with BINGO. It provides an important algorithmic tool for multiplex imaging studies, especially in intravital imaging. BINGO shows great potential in multicolor imaging for biomedical sciences. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code used for this paper is available with the test data at https://github.com/Xinyuan555/BINGO_unmixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiujuan Gao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
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6
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Wu J. Hyperspectral imaging for non-invasive blood oxygen saturation assessment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:104003. [PMID: 38336148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) seamlessly integrates imaging and spectroscopy, capturing both spatial and spectral data concurrently. With widespread applications in medical diagnostics, HSI serves as a noninvasive tool for gaining insights into tissue characteristics. The distinctive spectral profiles of biological tissues set HSI apart from traditional microscopy in enabling in vivo tissue analysis. Despite its potential, existing HSI techniques face challenges such as alignment issues, low light throughput, and tissue heating due to intense illumination. This study introduces an innovative HSI system featuring active sequential bandpass illumination seamlessly integrated into conventional optical instruments. The primary focus is on analyzing oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin saturation in animal tissue samples using multivariate linear regression. This approach holds promise for enhancing noninvasive medical diagnostics. A key feature of the system, active bandpass illumination, effectively prevents tissue overheating, thereby bolstering its suitability for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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7
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Shrivastava A, Nag MK. Enhancing Bone Cancer Diagnosis Through Image Extraction and Machine Learning: A State-of-the-Art Approach. Surg Innov 2024; 31:58-70. [PMID: 38059371 DOI: 10.1177/15533506231220968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Bone cancer is a severe condition often leading to patient mortality. Diagnosis relies on X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans, which require time-consuming manual review by experts. Thus, developing an automated system is crucial for accurate classification of malignant and healthy bone.Methods: Differentiating between them poses a challenge as they may exhibit similar physical characteristics. The initial step is selecting the optimal edge detection method. Two feature sets are then generated: one with the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and one without. Performance evaluation involves two machine learning models: Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest.Results: Including HOG consistently yields superior results. The SVM model with HOG achieves an F-1 score of 0.92, outperforming the Random Forest model's .77. This study aims to develop reliable methods for bone cancer classification. The proposed automated method assists surgeons in accurately detecting malignant bone regions using modern image analysis techniques and machine learning models. Incorporating HOG significantly enhances performance, improving differentiation between malignant and healthy bone.Conclusion: Ultimately, this approach supports precise diagnoses and informed treatment decisions for bone cancer patients.
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Aref MH, Korganbayev S, Aboughaleb IH, Hussein AA, Abbass MA, Abdlaty R, Sabry YM, Saccomandi P, Youssef ABM. Custom Hyperspectral Imaging System Reveals Unique Spectral Signatures of Heart, Kidney, and Liver Tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123363. [PMID: 37776837 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic optical techniques for oncology demands a good understanding of the optical properties of biological tissues. This study explores the capabilities of hyperspectral (HS) cameras as a non-invasive and non-contact optical imaging system to distinguish and highlight spectral differences inbiological soft tissuesof three structures (kidney, heart, and liver) for use inendoscopic interventionoropen surgery. The study presents an optical system consisting of two individual setups, the transmission setup, and the reflection setup, both incorporating anHS camerawith apolychromatic light sourcewithin the range of 380 to 1050 nm to measure tissue's light transmission (Tr) and diffuse light reflectance (Rd), respectively. The optical system was calibrated with a customizedliquid optical phantom, then 30 samples from various organs were investigated fortissue characterizationby measuring both Tr and Rd at the visible and near infrared (VIS-NIR) band. We exploited the ANOVA test, subsequently by a Tukey's test on the created three independent clusters (kidney vs. heart: group I / kidney vs. liver: group II / heart vs. liver: group III) to identify the optimum wavelength for each tissue regarding their spectroscopic optical properties in the VIS-NIR spectrum. The optimum spectral span for the determined light Tr of the three groups was 640 ∼ 680 nm, and the ideal range was 720 ∼ 760 nm for the measured light Rd for mutual group I and group II. However, the group III range was different at a range of 520 ∼ 560 nm. Therefore, the investigation provides vital information concerning theoptimum spectral scalefor the computed light Tr and Rd of the investigatedbiological tissues(kidney, liver, and heart) to be employed in diagnostic andtherapeutic medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanzhar Korganbayev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Mohamed A Abbass
- Head of Biomedical Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ramy Abdlaty
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yasser M Sabry
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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9
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Caredda C, Cohen JE, Mahieu-Williame L, Sablong R, Sdika M, Schneider FC, Picart T, Guyotat J, Montcel B. A priori free spectral unmixing with periodic absorbance changes: application for auto-calibrated intraoperative functional brain mapping. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:387-412. [PMID: 38223192 PMCID: PMC10783910 DOI: 10.1364/boe.491292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Spectral unmixing designates techniques that allow to decompose measured spectra into linear or non-linear combination of spectra of all targets (endmembers). This technique was initially developed for satellite applications, but it is now also widely used in biomedical applications. However, several drawbacks limit the use of these techniques with standard optical devices like RGB cameras. The devices need to be calibrated and a a priori on the observed scene is often necessary. We propose a new method for estimating endmembers and their proportion automatically and without calibration of the acquisition device based on near separable non-negative matrix factorization. This method estimates the endmembers on spectra of absorbance changes presenting periodic events. This is very common in in vivo biomedical and medical optical imaging where hemodynamics dominate the absorbance fluctuations. We applied the method for identifying functional brain areas during neurosurgery using four different RGB cameras (an industrial camera, a smartphone and two surgical microscopes). Results obtained with the auto-calibration method were consistent with the intraoperative gold standards. Endmembers estimated with the auto-calibration method were similar to the calibrated endmembers used in the modified Beer-Lambert law. The similarity was particularly strong when both cardiac and respiratory periodic events were considered. This work can allow a widespread use of spectral imaging in the industrial or medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Caredda
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,
UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F69100, Lyon,
France
| | - Jérémy E. Cohen
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,
UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F69100, Lyon,
France
| | - Laurent Mahieu-Williame
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,
UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F69100, Lyon,
France
| | - Raphaël Sablong
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,
UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F69100, Lyon,
France
| | - Michaël Sdika
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,
UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F69100, Lyon,
France
| | - Fabien C. Schneider
- Service de Radiologie, Centre
Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, TAPE EA7423,
Université de Lyon, UJM Saint Etienne, F42023, France
| | - Thiébaud Picart
- Service de Neurochirurgie
D, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Jacques Guyotat
- Service de Neurochirurgie
D, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Bruno Montcel
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,
UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F69100, Lyon,
France
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10
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Balasubramanian H, Hobson CM, Chew TL, Aaron JS. Imagining the future of optical microscopy: everything, everywhere, all at once. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1096. [PMID: 37898673 PMCID: PMC10613274 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The optical microscope has revolutionized biology since at least the 17th Century. Since then, it has progressed from a largely observational tool to a powerful bioanalytical platform. However, realizing its full potential to study live specimens is hindered by a daunting array of technical challenges. Here, we delve into the current state of live imaging to explore the barriers that must be overcome and the possibilities that lie ahead. We venture to envision a future where we can visualize and study everything, everywhere, all at once - from the intricate inner workings of a single cell to the dynamic interplay across entire organisms, and a world where scientists could access the necessary microscopy technologies anywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad M Hobson
- Advanced Imaging Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Jesse S Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
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11
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Wang X, Wang T, Zheng Y, Yin X. Recognition of liver tumors by predicted hyperspectral features based on patient's Computed Tomography radiomics features. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023:103638. [PMID: 37247798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary liver tumors have posed a serious threat to human life and health, and their early diagnosis is urgent. Therefore, enhancing the accuracy of non-invasive early detection of liver tumors is imperative. METHODS Firstly, image enhancement was applied to augment the dataset, resulting in a total of 464 samples after employing seven data augmentation methods. Subsequently, the XGBoost model was utilized to construct and learn the mapping relationship between Computed Tomography (CT) and corresponding hyperspectral imaging (HSI) data. This model enables the prediction of HSI features corresponding to CT features, thereby enriching CT with more comprehensive hyperspectral information. RESULTS Four classifiers were employed to discern the presence of tumors in patients. The results demonstrated exceptional performance, with a classification accuracy exceeding 90%. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes an artificial intelligence-based methodology that utilizes early CT radiomics features to predict HSI features. Subsequently, the results are utilized for non-invasive tumor prediction and early screening, thereby enhancing the accuracy of non-invasive liver tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehu Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Research Center of Machine Vision Engineering & Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Research Center of Machine Vision Engineering & Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yongchang Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100010, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
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12
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Cai Z, Huang Z, He M, Li C, Qi H, Peng J, Zhou F, Zhang C. Identification of geographical origins of Radix Paeoniae Alba using hyperspectral imaging with deep learning-based fusion approaches. Food Chem 2023; 422:136169. [PMID: 37119596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with numerous clinical and nutritional benefits. Rapid and accurate identification of the geographical origins of Baishao is crucial for planters, traders and consumers. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used in this study to acquire spectral images of Baishao samples from its two sides. Convolutional neural network (CNN) and attention mechanism was used to distinguish the origins of Baishao using spectra extracted from one side. The data-level and feature-level deep fusion models were proposed using information from both sides of the samples. CNN models outperformed the conventional machine learning methods in classifying Baishao origins. The generalized Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM++) was utilized to visualize and identify important wavelengths that significantly contribute to model performance. The overall results illustrated that HSI combined with deep learning strategies was effective in identifying the geographical origins of Baishao, having good prospects of real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Cai
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zihong Huang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Mengyu He
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Hengnian Qi
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Jiyu Peng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
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13
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Cihan M, Ceylan M. Hyperspectral imaging-based cutaneous wound classification using neighbourhood extraction 3D convolutional neural network. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2023:bmt-2022-0179. [PMID: 36862718 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperspectral imaging is an emerging imaging modality that beginning to gain attention for medical research and has an important potential in clinical applications. Nowadays, spectral imaging modalities such as multispectral and hyperspectral have proven their ability to provide important information that can help to better characterize the wound. Oxygenation changes in the wounded tissue differ from normal tissue. This causes the spectral characteristics to be different. In this study, it is classified cutaneous wounds with neighbourhood extraction 3-dimensional convolutional neural network method. METHODS The methodology of hyperspectral imaging performed to obtain the most useful information about the wounded and normal tissue is explained in detail. When the hyperspectral signatures of wounded and normal tissues are compared on the hyperspectral image, it is revealed that there is a relative difference between them. By taking advantage of these differences, cuboids that also consider neighbouring pixels are generated, and a uniquely designed 3-dimensional convolutional neural network model is trained with the cuboids to extract both spatial and spectral information. RESULTS The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated for different cuboid spatial dimensions and training/testing rates. The best result with 99.69% was achieved when the training/testing rate was 0.9/0.1 and the cuboid spatial dimension was 17. It is observed that the proposed method outperforms the 2-dimensional convolutional neural network method and achieves high accuracy even with much less training data. The obtained results using the neighbourhood extraction 3-dimensional convolutional neural network method show that the proposed method highly classifies the wounded area. In addition, the classification performance and the2computation time of the neighbourhood extraction 3-dimensional convolutional neural network methodology were analyzed and compared with existing 2-dimensional convolutional neural network. CONCLUSIONS As a clinical diagnostic tool, hyperspectral imaging, with neighbourhood extraction 3-dimensional convolutional neural network, has yielded remarkable results for the classification of wounded and normal tissues. Skin color does not play any role in the success of the proposed method. Since only the reflectance values of the spectral signatures are different for various skin colors. For different ethnic groups, The spectral signatures of wounded tissue and the spectral signatures of normal tissue show similar spectral characteristics among themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Cihan
- The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Murat Ceylan
- The Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Türkiye
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Cinar U, Cetin Atalay R, Cetin YY. Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Classification from H&E Stained Histopathology Images with 3D Convolutional Neural Networks and Focal Loss Function. J Imaging 2023; 9:jimaging9020025. [PMID: 36826944 PMCID: PMC9959324 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a new Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) classification method utilizing a hyperspectral imaging system (HSI) integrated with a light microscope. Using our custom imaging system, we have captured 270 bands of hyperspectral images of healthy and cancer tissue samples with HCC diagnosis from a liver microarray slide. Convolutional Neural Networks with 3D convolutions (3D-CNN) have been used to build an accurate classification model. With the help of 3D convolutions, spectral and spatial features within the hyperspectral cube are incorporated to train a strong classifier. Unlike 2D convolutions, 3D convolutions take the spectral dimension into account while automatically collecting distinctive features during the CNN training stage. As a result, we have avoided manual feature engineering on hyperspectral data and proposed a compact method for HSI medical applications. Moreover, the focal loss function, utilized as a CNN cost function, enables our model to tackle the class imbalance problem residing in the dataset effectively. The focal loss function emphasizes the hard examples to learn and prevents overfitting due to the lack of inter-class balancing. Our empirical results demonstrate the superiority of hyperspectral data over RGB data for liver cancer tissue classification. We have observed that increased spectral dimension results in higher classification accuracy. Both spectral and spatial features are essential in training an accurate learner for cancer tissue classification.
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Intraoperative Assessment of Tumor Margins in Tissue Sections with Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010213. [PMID: 36612208 PMCID: PMC9818424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraoperative assessment of tumor margins of head and neck cancer is crucial for complete tumor resection and patient outcome. The current standard is to take tumor biopsies during surgery for frozen section analysis by a pathologist after H&E staining. This evaluation is time-consuming, subjective, methodologically limited and underlies a selection bias. Optical methods such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI) are therefore of high interest to overcome these limitations. We aimed to analyze the feasibility and accuracy of an intraoperative HSI assessment on unstained tissue sections taken from seven patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Afterwards, the tissue sections were subjected to standard histopathological processing and evaluation. We trained different machine learning models on the HSI data, including a supervised 3D convolutional neural network to perform tumor detection. The results were congruent with the histopathological annotations. Therefore, this approach enables the delineation of tumor margins with artificial HSI-based histopathological information during surgery with high speed and accuracy on par with traditional intraoperative tumor margin assessment (Accuracy: 0.76, Specificity: 0.89, Sensitivity: 0.48). With this, we introduce HSI in combination with ML hyperspectral imaging as a potential new tool for intraoperative tumor margin assessment.
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Bench C, Nallala J, Wang CC, Sheridan H, Stone N. Unsupervised segmentation of biomedical hyperspectral image data: tackling high dimensionality with convolutional autoencoders. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6373-6388. [PMID: 36589581 PMCID: PMC9774878 DOI: 10.1364/boe.476233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Information about the structure and composition of biopsy specimens can assist in disease monitoring and diagnosis. In principle, this can be acquired from Raman and infrared (IR) hyperspectral images (HSIs) that encode information about how a sample's constituent molecules are arranged in space. Each tissue section/component is defined by a unique combination of spatial and spectral features, but given the high dimensionality of HSI datasets, extracting and utilising them to segment images is non-trivial. Here, we show how networks based on deep convolutional autoencoders (CAEs) can perform this task in an end-to-end fashion by first detecting and compressing relevant features from patches of the HSI into low-dimensional latent vectors, and then performing a clustering step that groups patches containing similar spatio-spectral features together. We showcase the advantages of using this end-to-end spatio-spectral segmentation approach compared to i) the same spatio-spectral technique not trained in an end-to-end manner, and ii) a method that only utilises spectral features (spectral k-means) using simulated HSIs of porcine tissue as test examples. Secondly, we describe the potential advantages/limitations of using three different CAE architectures: a generic 2D CAE, a generic 3D CAE, and a 2D convolutional encoder-decoder architecture inspired by the recently proposed UwU-net that is specialised for extracting features from HSI data. We assess their performance on IR HSIs of real colon samples. We find that all architectures are capable of producing segmentations that show good correspondence with HE stained adjacent tissue slices used as approximate ground truths, indicating the robustness of the CAE-driven spatio-spectral clustering approach for segmenting biomedical HSI data. Additionally, we stress the need for more accurate ground truth information to enable a precise comparison of the advantages offered by each architecture.
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Hyperspectral Imaging for Viability Assessment of Human Liver Allografts During Normothermic Machine Perfusion. Transplant Direct 2022; 8:e1420. [PMID: 36406899 PMCID: PMC9671746 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) is nowadays frequently utilized in liver transplantation. Despite commonly accepted viability assessment criteria, such as perfusate lactate and perfusate pH, there is a lack of predictive organ evaluation strategies to ensure graft viability. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI)-as an optical imaging modality increasingly applied in the biomedical field-might provide additional useful data regarding allograft viability and performance of liver grafts during NMP. METHODS Twenty-five deceased donor liver allografts were included in the study. During NMP, graft viability was assessed conventionally and by means of HSI. Images of liver parenchyma were acquired at 1, 2, and 4 h of NMP, and subsequently analyzed using a specialized HSI acquisition software to compute oxygen saturation, tissue hemoglobin index, near-infrared perfusion index, and tissue water index. To analyze the association between HSI parameters and perfusate lactate as well as perfusate pH, we performed simple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Perfusate lactate at 1, 2, and 4 h NMP was 1.5 [0.3-8.1], 0.9 [0.3-2.8], and 0.9 [0.1-2.2] mmol/L. Perfusate pH at 1, 2, and 4 h NMP was 7.329 [7.013-7.510], 7.318 [7.081-7.472], and 7.265 [6.967-7.462], respectively. Oxygen saturation predicted perfusate lactate at 1 and 2 h NMP (R2 = 0.1577, P = 0.0493; R2 = 0.1831, P = 0.0329; respectively). Tissue hemoglobin index predicted perfusate lactate at 1, 2, and 4 h NMP (R2 = 0.1916, P = 0.0286; R2 = 0.2900, P = 0.0055; R2 = 0.2453, P = 0.0139; respectively). CONCLUSIONS HSI may serve as a noninvasive tool for viability assessment during NMP. Further evaluation and validation of HSI parameters are warranted in larger sample sizes.
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Li S, Jiao C, Xu Z, Wu Y, Forsberg E, Peng X, He S. Determination of geographic origins and types of Lindera aggregata samples using a portable short-wave infrared hyperspectral imager. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121370. [PMID: 35609393 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A portable short-wavelength infrared microscope hyperspectral imager (SMHI) combined with machine learning algorithms for the purpose of classifying geographical origins as well as root types of Lindera aggregata is developed. The spectral range of the SMHI system is 1090-1820 nm (5500-9100 cm-1) with spectral and spatial resolutions of 4 nm and 27.3 μm, respectively. Utilizing PCA-RF algorithms, the geographic origin of tuberous roots and leaves from five different origins were classified with accuracies of 97.5% and 97.8%, respectively. In addition, spatial identification of tuberous root and taproot tubers in a mixed sample was done with an accuracy of 98.98%. The accuracy of origin classification and spatial identification are high enough which indicate the significant potential of applying SMHI system into the non-invasive spatial mapping and rapid quality assessment of medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changwei Jiao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhanpeng Xu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Erik Forsberg
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Ningbo Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, China; Ningbo Municipal Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Staging of Skin Cancer Based on Hyperspectral Microscopic Imaging and Machine Learning. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100790. [PMID: 36290928 PMCID: PMC9599813 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer, a common type of cancer, is generally divided into basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). The incidence of skin cancer has continued to increase worldwide in recent years. Early detection can greatly reduce its morbidity and mortality. Hyperspectral microscopic imaging (HMI) technology can be used as a powerful tool for skin cancer diagnosis by reflecting the changes in the physical structure and microenvironment of the sample through the differences in the HMI data cube. Based on spectral data, this work studied the staging identification of SCC and the influence of the selected region of interest (ROI) on the staging results. In the SCC staging identification process, the optimal result corresponded to the standard normal variate transformation (SNV) for spectra preprocessing, the partial least squares (PLS) for dimensionality reduction, the hold-out method for dataset partition and the random forest (RF) model for staging identification, with the highest staging accuracy of 0.952 ± 0.014, and a kappa value of 0.928 ± 0.022. By comparing the staging results based on spectral characteristics from the nuclear compartments and peripheral regions, the spectral data of the nuclear compartments were found to contribute more to the accurate staging of SCC.
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20
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Sun J, Wu Z, Wang L, Yao Q, Li M, Yao G. Adaptive denoising hyperspectral data for visualization enhancement of intraoperative tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200083. [PMID: 35460593 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The vast amount of reflectance information obtained from the hyperspectral imaging devices offers great opportunities for investigating the function and structure of human tissue. However, the captured hyperspectral data often contain various noises due to the intrinsic imperfection of associated electrical and optical imaging components. This work proposed an automatic total variation algorithm to suppress the noises while preserving the details of the spectral and spatial information. The variation of spectral images at neighboring bands was calculated for regulating the total variation of hyperspectral data so that the spectral-dependent noises can be treated differentially across all bands. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method could effectively remove the spectral noises, especially near the ends of those extreme bands. The noise suppressed hyperspectral data could then be used for the visualization enhancement on pathophysiological conditions of intraoperative observed anatomies such as the vessels of brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghang Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Wang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research and Development Department, Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Rehman AU, Qureshi SA. Quantitative auto-fluorescence quenching of free and bound NADH in HeLa cell line model with Carbonyl cyanide-p-Trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone (FCCP) as quenching agent. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102954. [PMID: 35690321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The autofluorescence of endogenous biomolecules (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, its reduced form NADH and the phosphorylated form NAD(P)H take part in cellular metabolic pathways and has vital importance for in vivo and ex vivo photo diagnostic applications of biological tissues. We present a detailed quenching analysis of Carbonyl cyanide-p-Trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone (FCCP) 50-1000 µM and analyzed the fluorescence signal from NADH/ NAD(P)H in vitro (in solution) and in vivo (HeLa cell suspension).The in vitro samples of pure NADH/ NAD(P)H were excited at λ=340±1 nm while the fluorescence signal was collected in the range of 400-550 nm. The quenching process was characterized using excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and Stern- Volmer plots. The experimental results illustrated maximum fluorescence emission for the control NADH samples (i.e., no FCCP), while the fluorescence signal from the solution progressively decreased with the increasing concentration of the FCCP, until it reaches the base line (i.e., no fluorescence signal) at 1000 µM of FCCP. In vitro study shows that the fluorescence quenching of free NADH was found to be lower than the bound NAD(P)H with similar diminishing trend. The quenching of bound NAD(P)H in cells is attenuated compared to solution quenching possibly due to a contribution from the metabolic/antioxidant response in cells and fluorescence exponential decay curve lies between plated and suspended HeLa cells. A two-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity of NAD(P)H was observed after the bond formation with L-Malate Dehydrogenase (L-MDH, Sigma Aldrich #10127248001) protein This work has applications for sharp tumor demarcation during sensitive surgical procedures as well as to enhance fluorescence based diagnosis of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ul Rehman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia; Agri & Biophotonics Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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22
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Assessment of Psoriatic Skin Features Using Non-Invasive Imaging Technique. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is one of the most commonly recognized dermatological diseases, characterized by distinct structural changes, hyperproliferation and inflammation. The aim of the study was quantitative comparisons of psoriatic skin with skin without psoriatic lesions by non-invasive imaging methods. Methods: 71 patients diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris underwent non-invasive imaging of skin at the site of the psoriatic lesion and at the site without such lesion. Skin density, epidermis thickness and subepidermal low-echogenic band (SLEB) thickness were measured by high-resolution ultrasound (HFU). Blood perfusion was assessed using laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) and skin temperature was measured by thermal imaging camera. Hyperspectral camera was used to obtain spectral reflectance profiles in psoriatic lesion and skin without psoriatic changes. Results: The greatest differences in skin density and epidermal thickness between psoriatic and unchanged skin were observed on the forearms. The skin covered with psoriatic plaques was 80% less dense, and the epidermis in this area was 121% thicker. The greatest thickness of SLEB was observed in the knee area (Me = 0.389 mm). Skin with psoriatic lesions is characterized by a higher temperature (Me = 33.6 vs. Me = 31) and blood perfusion than skin without psoriasis (Me = 98.76 vs. Me = 50.65). Skin without psoriasis shows lower reflectance than psoriatic lesion from 623 nm to 1000 nm; below this value, skin without psoriatic lesion shows higher reflectance. Conclusions: Skin density and epidermis thickness, skin blood perfusion, temperature and reflectance can be useful parameters for monitoring the course of psoriasis and its treatment, especially since the examination of psoriatic skin with proposed methods is non-invasive, quantitative and easy to perform in clinical conditions.
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Intelligent Ultra-Light Deep Learning Model for Multi-Class Brain Tumor Detection. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and surgical resection using Magnetic Resonance (MR) images in brain tumors is a challenging task to minimize the neurological defects after surgery owing to the non-linear nature of the size, shape, and textural variation. Radiologists, clinical experts, and brain surgeons examine brain MRI scans using the available methods, which are tedious, error-prone, time-consuming, and still exhibit positional accuracy up to 2–3 mm, which is very high in the case of brain cells. In this context, we propose an automated Ultra-Light Brain Tumor Detection (UL-BTD) system based on a novel Ultra-Light Deep Learning Architecture (UL-DLA) for deep features, integrated with highly distinctive textural features, extracted by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). It forms a Hybrid Feature Space (HFS), which is used for tumor detection using Support Vector Machine (SVM), culminating in high prediction accuracy and optimum false negatives with limited network size to fit within the average GPU resources of a modern PC system. The objective of this study is to categorize multi-class publicly available MRI brain tumor datasets with a minimum time thus real-time tumor detection can be carried out without compromising accuracy. Our proposed framework includes a sensitivity analysis of image size, One-versus-All and One-versus-One coding schemes with stringent efforts to assess the complexity and reliability performance of the proposed system with K-fold cross-validation as a part of the evaluation protocol. The best generalization achieved using SVM has an average detection rate of 99.23% (99.18%, 98.86%, and 99.67%), and F-measure of 0.99 (0.99, 0.98, and 0.99) for (glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumors), respectively. Our results have been found to improve the state-of-the-art (97.30%) by 2%, indicating that the system exhibits capability for translation in modern hospitals during real-time surgical brain applications. The method needs 11.69 ms with an accuracy of 99.23% compared to 15 ms achieved by the state-of-the-art to earlier to detect tumors on a test image without any dedicated hardware providing a route for a desktop application in brain surgery.
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Acuña-Rodriguez JP, Mena-Vega JP, Argüello-Miranda O. Live-cell fluorescence spectral imaging as a data science challenge. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:579-597. [PMID: 35528031 PMCID: PMC9043069 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Live-cell fluorescence spectral imaging is an evolving modality of microscopy that uses specific properties of fluorophores, such as excitation or emission spectra, to detect multiple molecules and structures in intact cells. The main challenge of analyzing live-cell fluorescence spectral imaging data is the precise quantification of fluorescent molecules despite the weak signals and high noise found when imaging living cells under non-phototoxic conditions. Beyond the optimization of fluorophores and microscopy setups, quantifying multiple fluorophores requires algorithms that separate or unmix the contributions of the numerous fluorescent signals recorded at the single pixel level. This review aims to provide both the experimental scientist and the data analyst with a straightforward description of the evolution of spectral unmixing algorithms for fluorescence live-cell imaging. We show how the initial systems of linear equations used to determine the concentration of fluorophores in a pixel progressively evolved into matrix factorization, clustering, and deep learning approaches. We outline potential future trends on combining fluorescence spectral imaging with label-free detection methods, fluorescence lifetime imaging, and deep learning image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Pamela Acuña-Rodriguez
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706Center for Geophysical Research (CIGEFI), University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José Costa Rica
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, San José Costa Rica
| | - Jean Paul Mena-Vega
- grid.412889.e0000 0004 1937 0706School of Physics, University of Costa Rica, 2060 San Pedro, San José Costa Rica
| | - Orlando Argüello-Miranda
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 112 DERIEUX PLACE, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
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Fouad Aref MH, Abbass MA, Youssef ABM, Abdelkader Hussein A, El-Ghaffar SA, Abdlaty R. Optical Characterization of Biological Tissues in Visible and Near-Infrared Spectra. 2022 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (ICEENG) 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/iceeng49683.2022.9781827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramy Abdlaty
- Military Tech. College,Biomedical Eng. Dept.,Cairo,Egypt
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26
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Sommer F, Sun B, Fischer J, Goldammer M, Thiele C, Malberg H, Markgraf W. Hyperspectral Imaging during Normothermic Machine Perfusion—A Functional Classification of Ex Vivo Kidneys Based on Convolutional Neural Networks. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020397. [PMID: 35203605 PMCID: PMC8962340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Facing an ongoing organ shortage in transplant medicine, strategies to increase the use of organs from marginal donors by objective organ assessment are being fostered. In this context, normothermic machine perfusion provides a platform for ex vivo organ evaluation during preservation. Consequently, analytical tools are emerging to determine organ quality. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the wavelength range of 550–995 nm was applied. Classification of 26 kidneys based on HSI was established using KidneyResNet, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the ResNet-18 architecture, to predict inulin clearance behavior. HSI preprocessing steps were implemented, including automated region of interest (ROI) selection, before executing the KidneyResNet algorithm. Training parameters and augmentation methods were investigated concerning their influence on the prediction. When classifying individual ROIs, the optimized KidneyResNet model achieved 84% and 62% accuracy in the validation and test set, respectively. With a majority decision on all ROIs of a kidney, the accuracy increased to 96% (validation set) and 100% (test set). These results demonstrate the feasibility of HSI in combination with KidneyResNet for non-invasive prediction of ex vivo kidney function. This knowledge of preoperative renal quality may support the organ acceptance decision.
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Cozzolino D. An Overview of the Successful Application of Vibrational Spectroscopy Techniques to Quantify Nutraceuticals in Fruits and Plants. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030315. [PMID: 35159466 PMCID: PMC8834424 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy techniques are the most used techniques in the routine analysis of foods. This technique is widely utilised to measure and monitor the proximate chemical composition (e.g., protein, dry matter, fat and fibre) in an array of agricultural commodities, food ingredients and products. Developments in optics, instrumentation and hardware concomitantly with data analytics, have allowed for the progress in novel applications of these technologies in the field of nutraceutical and bio compound analysis. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated the capability of vibrational spectroscopy to evaluate and/or measure these nutraceuticals in a broad selection of fruit and plants as alternative to classical analytical approaches. This article highlights, as well as discusses, the challenges and opportunities that define the successful application of vibrational spectroscopy techniques, and the advantages that these techniques have to offer to evaluate and quantify nutraceuticals in fruits and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Su Z, Zhang C, Yan T, Zhu J, Zeng Y, Lu X, Gao P, Feng L, He L, Fan L. Application of Hyperspectral Imaging for Maturity and Soluble Solids Content Determination of Strawberry With Deep Learning Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:736334. [PMID: 34567050 PMCID: PMC8462090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.736334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Maturity degree and quality evaluation are important for strawberry harvest, trade, and consumption. Deep learning has been an efficient artificial intelligence tool for food and agro-products. Hyperspectral imaging coupled with deep learning was applied to determine the maturity degree and soluble solids content (SSC) of strawberries with four maturity degrees. Hyperspectral image of each strawberry was obtained and preprocessed, and the spectra were extracted from the images. One-dimension residual neural network (1D ResNet) and three-dimension (3D) ResNet were built using 1D spectra and 3D hyperspectral image as inputs for maturity degree evaluation. Good performances were obtained for maturity identification, with the classification accuracy over 84% for both 1D ResNet and 3D ResNet. The corresponding saliency maps showed that the pigments related wavelengths and image regions contributed more to the maturity identification. For SSC determination, 1D ResNet model was also built, with the determination of coefficient (R 2) over 0.55 of the training, validation, and testing sets. The saliency maps of 1D ResNet for the SSC determination were also explored. The overall results showed that deep learning could be used to identify strawberry maturity degree and determine SSC. More efforts were needed to explore the use of 3D deep learning methods for the SSC determination. The close results of 1D ResNet and 3D ResNet for classification indicated that more samples might be used to improve the performances of 3D ResNet. The results in this study would help to develop 1D and 3D deep learning models for fruit quality inspection and other researches using hyperspectral imaging, providing efficient analysis approaches of fruit quality inspection using hyperspectral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Su
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Tianying Yan
- College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Zeng
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanjun Lu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Gao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Feng
| | - Linhai He
- Hangzhou Liangzhu Linhai Vegetable and Fruit Professional Cooperative, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Fan
- Hangzhou Liangzhu Linhai Vegetable and Fruit Professional Cooperative, Hangzhou, China
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