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Wang C, Nambu T, Takigawa H, Maruyama H, Mashimo C, Okinaga T. Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy against Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontitis prevention. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112926. [PMID: 38714001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease leading to gingival atrophy and potential tooth loss through alveolar bone resorption, is closely linked to the oral microbiome. Fusobacterium nucleatum, known to facilitate late-stage bacterial colonization in the oral microbiome, plays a crucial role in the onset of periodontitis. Controlling F. nucleatum abundance is vital for preventing and treating periodontal disease. Photodynamic therapy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) has been reported to be bactericidal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. We aimed to investigate the bactericidal potential of ALA-PDT against F. nucleatum, which was evaluated by examining the impact of varying 5-ALA concentrations, culture time, and light intensity. After ALA-PDT treatment, DNA was extracted from interdental plaque samples collected from 10 volunteers and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. To further elucidate the bactericidal mechanism of ALA-PDT, porphyrins were extracted from F. nucleatum following cultivation with 5-ALA and subsequently analyzed using fluorescence spectra. ALA-PDT showed a significant bactericidal effect against F. nucleatum. Its bactericidal activity demonstrated a positive correlation with culture time and light intensity. Microbiota analysis revealed no significant alteration in α-diversity within the ALA-PDT group, although there was a noteworthy reduction in the proportion of the genus Fusobacterium. Furthermore, fluorescence spectral analysis indicated that F. nucleatum produced an excitable photosensitive substance following the addition of 5-ALA. Overall, if further studies confirm these results, this combined therapy could be an effective strategy for reducing the prevalence of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Dentistry (Bacteriology), Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nambu
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Takigawa
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Hugo Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Chiho Mashimo
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
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Shi Z, Wang J, Li M, Gu L, Xu Z, Zhai X, Zhou S, Zhao J, Gu L, Chen L, Ju L, Zhou B, Hua H. Protective autophagy enhances antistress ability through AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway in human immortalized keratinocytes. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:821-834. [PMID: 38436129 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Keratinocytes, located in the outermost layer of human skin, are pivotal cells to resist environmental damage. Cellular autophagy plays a critical role in eliminating damaged organelles and maintaining skin cell homeostasis. Low-dose 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been demonstrated to enhance skin's antistress ability; however, the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in keratinocytes remain unclear. In this study, we treated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) with low-dose ALA-PDT (0.5 mmol/L, 3 J/cm2). Through RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified that low-dose ALA-PDT modulated autophagy-related pathways in keratinocytes and pinpointed Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) as a key gene involved. Western blot results revealed that low-dose ALA-PDT treatment upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Notably, low-dose ALA-PDT regulated autophagy by inducing an appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transiently reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreasing adenosine triphosphate production; all these processes functioned on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ULK1 pathway to activate autophagy. Finally, we simulated external environmental damage using ultraviolet B (UVB) at a dose of 60 mJ/cm2 and observed that low-dose ALA-PDT mitigated UVB-induced cell apoptosis; however, this protective effect was reversed when using the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Overall, these findings highlight how low-dose ALA-PDT enhances antistress ability in HaCaT cells through controlling ROS generation and activating the AMPK/ULK1 pathway to arouse cellular autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingting Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liqun Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bingrong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Bhattacharya S, Prajapati BG, Singh S, Anjum MM. Nanoparticles drug delivery for 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for multiple cancer treatment: a critical review on biosynthesis, detection, and therapeutic applications. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17607-17634. [PMID: 37776358 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment that kills cancer cells selectively by stimulating reactive oxygen species generation with photosensitizers exposed to specific light wavelengths. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a widely used photosensitizer. However, its limited tumour penetration and targeting reduce its therapeutic efficacy. Scholars have investigated nano-delivery techniques to improve 5-ALA administration and efficacy in PDT. This review summarises recent advances in biological host biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms for 5-ALA production. The review also highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of various 5-ALA nano-delivery modalities, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and gels, in treating various cancers. Although promising, 5-ALA nano-delivery methods face challenges that could impair targeting and efficacy. To determine their safety and biocompatibility, extensive preclinical and clinical studies are required. This study highlights the potential of 5-ALA-NDSs to improve PDT for cancer treatment, as well as the need for additional research to overcome barriers and improve medical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
| | - Bhuphendra G Prajapati
- Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Gujarat, Kherva, 384012, India.
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Md Meraj Anjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, 226025, India
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Chen Y, Mei Y, Gu L, Li X, Guo P, Chen L, He D. A novel PDT: 5-aminolevulinic acid combined 450 nm blue laser photodynamic therapy significantly promotes cell death of HR-HPV infected cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:22-32. [PMID: 36633420 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2164585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases are clinical challenges. The efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) using red laser (630 ± 5 nm) is remarkable and safe. In this study, we aim to investigate the efficacy of ALA-450 nm PDT comparing with ALA-635 nm PDT. We detected cell proliferation and cell apoptosis through MTT assay and flow cytometry assay respectively. Flow cytometry assay determined the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Western blotting analysis investigated the protein expression. In vivo, immunohistochemical staining assay and TUNEL assay were performer to detect cell apoptosis. ALA-450 nm PDT inhibited the proliferation of End1 and HeLa cells, promoted cell apoptosis more effectively than ALA-635 nm PDT, and induced cell death probably through increasing the intracellular ROS generation and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. In vivo, ALA-450 nm PDT significantly inhibited tumour growth and activated cell apoptosis. The ALA-450 nm PDT had an advantage over ALA-635 nm PDT on inhibiting the proliferation of End1 and HeLa cells and inducing cell apoptosis. The ALA-450 nm PDT might be a promising therapeutic strategy for eradicating the HR-HPV infected cells and promoting the integration of diagnosis and treatment of HR-HPV related diseases.HighlightsWe combined 5-aminolevulinic acid with 450 nm blue laser using as a novel type of photodynamic therapy.The ALA-450 nm PDT had an advantage over ALA-635 nm PDT on inhibition of the proliferation of End1 and HeLa cells and inducing cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.The ALA-450 nm PDT may provide a novel alternative therapeutic option in patients with persistent HPV infection and promote the integration of diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yibo Mei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijiang Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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Li Y, Sun G, Xie J, Xiao S, Lin C. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral biofilm: influencing factors, mechanisms, and combined actions with other strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192955. [PMID: 37362926 PMCID: PMC10288113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are a prominent cause of a wide variety of oral infectious diseases which are still considered as growing public health problems worldwide. Oral biofilms harbor specific virulence factors that would aggravate the infectious process and present resistance to some traditional therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as a potential approach to eliminate oral biofilms via in situ-generated reactive oxygen species. Although numerous types of research have investigated the effectiveness of aPDT, few review articles have listed the antimicrobial mechanisms of aPDT on oral biofilms and new methods to improve the efficiency of aPDT. The review aims to summarize the virulence factors of oral biofilms, the progress of aPDT in various oral biofilm elimination, the mechanism mediated by aPDT, and combinatorial approaches of aPDT with other traditional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingchan Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Suli Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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Zhang L, Hu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu N, Liu Q. Rapid Inactivation of mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis using antibacterial photodynamic therapy: Based on PAD™ Plus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15396. [PMID: 37123932 PMCID: PMC10130861 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the sterilizing effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) based on PAD™ Plus on mixed biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Methods A mature mixed biofilm model of C. albicans and C. tropicalis was constructed in vitro. FITC-concanavalin A staining was conducted to observe the formation of the extracellular matrix. MTT assay was performed to determine biofilm viability. The chromogenic medium was used to examine the Candida composition of the mixed biofilms. For aPDT treatment, based on PAD™ Plus, the biofilms were incubated with 1 mg/mL TBO for 1, 5, or 10 min, followed by 500 or 750 mW LED illumination for 1 or 2 min. The live/dead fungi were detected by SYTO9/propidium iodide staining. A multivariate factorial design was conducted to analyze the correlations of parameters with the inactivation effect of the mixed biofilms. Results Mature mixed biofilms formed at 24 h after seeding. Compared with untreated biofilms, following 1-min TBO incubation, 500 mW LED illumination for 1 min inactivated more than 90% of the fungi. Extending the incubation time did not significantly improve the inactivation effect. Application of 750 mW output power or 2 min LED illumination inactivated more than 99% of the fungi without increasing other parameters. Conclusions PAD™ Plus combined with 1 mg/mL TBO can rapidly inactivate the mature mixed biofilms of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, serving as a robust platform for the treatment of mixed infections of C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Qiaoyu Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Qing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of Candida albicans Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II). Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010105. [PMID: 36671307 PMCID: PMC9854949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and its occurrence is increasing due to the growing complexity of patients. In particular, Candida albicans exhibits several virulence factors that facilitate yeast colonization in humans. In this sense, the photodynamic inactivation of yeasts is a promising new alternative to eliminate fungal infections. Herein, the photodynamic activity sensitized by a free-base chlorin (TPCF16) and its complexes with Zn(II) (ZnTPCF16) and Pd(II) (PdTPCF16) was investigated in order to eliminate C. albicans under different forms of cell cultures. A decrease in cell survival of more than 5 log was found in planktonic cells incubated with 5 μM TPCF16 or ZnTPCF16 upon 15 min of white-light irradiation. The mechanism of action mainly involved a type II pathway in the inactivation of C. albicans cells. In addition, the photodynamic action induced by these chlorins was able to suppress the growth of C. albicans in a culture medium. These photosensitizers were also effective to photoinactivate C. albicans pseudohyphae suspended in PBS. Furthermore, the biofilms of C. albicans that incorporated the chlorins during the proliferation stage were completely eradicated using 5 μM TPCF16 or ZnTPCF16 after 60 min of light irradiation. The studies indicated that these chlorins are effective photosensitizing agents to eliminate C. albicans as planktonic cells, pseudohyphae, and biofilms.
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AlGhamdi AS, Qamar Z, AlSheikh R, Al Hinai MTA, Abdul NS, Aljoghaiman EA, Ali S. Clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy versus topical antifungal agent and surgical excision for the treatment of hyperplastic candidiasis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103258. [PMID: 36592782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperplastic candidiasis (HC) is a chronic infection of oral mucosa caused by Candida. Owing to its potential for malignant transformation, its intervention requires attention. Conventional surgical resection might lead to irreversible damage and impact the patient's quality of life. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) alone and in combination with topical antifungal therapy (i.e., nystatin [combination therapy]) in comparison with nystatin and surgical resection for the treatment of HC. METHODS Forty subjects with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of HC were included in the study. Four study groups, with 10 participants each, were formed as follows: Group-I - receiving antifungal agent [nystatin]; Group-II - receiving surgical resection; Group-III - receiving PDT; and Group-IV - receiving 5-ALA-mediated PDT and nystatin [combination therapy]. Salivary and mucosal samples were collected for the quantification of Candida albicans and the treatment responses to different interventions were recorded at week-4, week-6, and week-8 after finishing therapies. RESULTS At the 3rd follow-up (i.e., at end of the 8th week after the interventions), complete improvement in 3 (30%), 2 (20%), 1 (10%), and 5 (50%) patients in group-I, group-II, group-III, and group-IV, respectively was observed. A statistically significant difference was obtained when the intervention responses were compared at week-4 (p<0.01), week-6 (p<0.01), and week-8 (p<0.0001) follow-ups in group-I, group-II, and group-IV subjects. At the 8-week follow-up regarding the salivary and mucosal samples, the lowest colony-forming units/milliliter score of C. albicans was observed in group-IV subjects. CONCLUSION The application of 5-ALA-mediated PDT in combination with nystatin gel possesses the potential as a well-tolerated and safe therapeutic modality for the treatment of patients with HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdulRahman Saeed AlGhamdi
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zeeshan Qamar
- Department of O&MFS and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha AlSheikh
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muntasar Talib Ali Al Hinai
- Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat Oman
| | - Nishath Sayed Abdul
- Department of OMFS and Diagnostic Sciences (Oral Pathology), Faculty of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Ahmed Aljoghaiman
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Yue C, Wang L, Wang X, Cen R, Chen J, Li L, Yang W, Tan Y, Lei X. In vitro study of the effect of ALA-PDT on Mycobacterium abscessus and its antibiotic susceptibility. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102802. [PMID: 35297368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is extremely difficult to treat in clinical practice. PDT (photodynamic therapy) is a promising antibacterial treatment. We evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a photosensitizer on M. abscessus and its antibiotic resistance in this study. METHODS M. abscessus and biofilm were treated with different concentrations of ALA and then irradiated with LED light (635 nm, 80 J/cm2), while there were ALA-only group, light-only group, and negative control group. The effects were observed by colony counting, crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The changes of drug susceptibility of M. abscessus at sublethal doses were detected by micro-broth dilution method, and the possible mechanism was explored by fluorometer and real-time fluorescence quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS ALA-PDT showed a significant killing effect on M. abscessus at ALA concentrations greater than 50 μg/ml and the effect increased with increasing photosensitizer concentrations. ALA-PDT also showed a notable scavenging effect on M. abscessus biofilm, which was also enhanced with increasing ALA concentrations. At sublethal doses, the susceptibility of M. abscessus to antibiotics was increased, and ALA-PDT greatly increased the cell wall permeability of M. abscessus and decreased the mRNA expression of drug resistance genes whiB7 and erm (41), as well as efflux pump genes MAB_1409c and MAB_3142c at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSIONS ALA-PDT has a significant killing effect on M. abscessus and can increase its antibiotic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenda Yue
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering Institute of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiyan Cen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weijiang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, The Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Photodynamic Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activity of a New Gel with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Infected Titanium Surfaces. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030572. [PMID: 35327374 PMCID: PMC8945072 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a new gel containing aminolevulinic acid and red light (ALAD–PDI) was tested in order to counteract bacterial biofilm growth on different titanium implant surfaces. The varying antibacterial efficacy of ALAD–PDI against biofilm growth on several titanium surfaces was also evaluated. A total of 60 titanium discs (30 machined and 30 double-acid etched, DAE) were pre-incubated with saliva and then incubated for 24 h with Streptococcus oralis to form bacterial biofilm. Four different groups were distinguished: two exposed groups (MACHINED and DAE discs), covered with S. oralis biofilm and subjected to ALAD + PDI, and two unexposed groups, with the same surfaces and bacteria, but without the ALAD + PDI (positive controls). Negative controls were non-inoculated discs alone and combined with the gel (ALAD) without the broth cultures. After a further 24 h of anaerobic incubation, all groups were evaluated for colony-forming units (CFUs) and biofilm biomass, imaged via scanning electron microscope, and tested for cell viability via LIVE/DEAD analysis. CFUs and biofilm biomass had significantly higher presence on unexposed samples. ALAD–PDI significantly decreased the number of bacterial CFUs on both exposed surfaces, but without any statistically significant differences among them. Live/dead staining showed the presence of 100% red dead cells on both exposed samples, unlike in unexposed groups. Treatment with ALAD + red light is an effective protocol to counteract the S. oralis biofilm deposited on titanium surfaces with different tomography.
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Successful treatment of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: A case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102633. [PMID: 34798345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) is a chronic oral mucosal infection caused by Candida. Refractory hyperplastic lesions may lead to epithelial dysplasia and carcinogenesis. Traditional surgical resection may cause irreversible damage and effect the patient's quality of life. This paper reports the case of a 63-year-old man with CHC. After routine treatment, local hyperplastic lesions remained. Photodynamic therapy with ALA was applied to the hyperplastic lesions and yielded satisfactory results, with no recurrence at 1 year. This case report describes a promising, effective method for the treatment of CHC.
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