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Marshall TS, Kenyon A, Constable PD. Comparative efficacy of stannous fluoride and copper sulfate footbath solutions for the treatment and prevention of digital dermatitis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00767-7. [PMID: 38670340 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel footbath solution containing stannous fluoride (SnF2) was superior to 5% copper sulfate solution for the treatment and prevention of digital dermatitis (DD) in dairy cattle. Study 1 was conducted over 4 weeks in Missouri and involved 34 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows with hind feet DD lesions. Cows in group SF walked through a footbath containing a proprietary formulation of SnF2 once weekly, whereas cows in group CS walked through a 5% CuSO4 footbath once daily for 5 d each week. Study 2 was conducted over 8 weeks in California and involved 40 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows with hind feet DD lesions. Cows in group SF walked through a SnF2 footbath for 3 consecutive days then once a week for the following 7 weeks. Cows in group CS walked through a 5% CuSO4 footbath 3 times each week for 8 weeks. Data collection included lesion type, lesion area, locomotion score, and pain score. Digital dermatitis was actively transmitted in study 1, and lesion area and locomotion scores were lower in group SF than group CS. In contrast, DD was not actively transmitted in study 2, and lesion area and locomotion scores were similar in groups SF and CS. Stannous fluoride delayed the development of active DD lesions in study 1 compared with copper sulfate, with a lower relative risk (0.57, P < 0.001) of a hind foot developing an active DD lesion over 28 d. However, SnF2 decreased the rate that active DD lesions transitioned to M3, M4, or M0 lesions compared with 5% copper sulfate in both studies, with the relative risk of a hind foot with an active DD lesion transitioning to M3, M4, or M0 in group SF being slightly lower in study 1 (0.83, P = 0.042) and study 2 (0.90, P = 0.020) than group CS. Our findings demonstrated that walking cows through a stannous fluoride footbath once per week in a herd undergoing active transmission of infection was more effective in preventing active DD lesions, but less effective in treating active DD lesions, than walking cows through a copper sulfate footbath 4 times per week. The novel SnF2 footbath solution shows promise for controlling DD in dairy herds that want an alternative footbath solution to CuSO4 and are interested in limiting the environmental accumulation of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Marshall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Dr, Urbana IL, 61802.
| | - A Kenyon
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center. UC - Davis, University of California. 18830 Road 112, Tulare, 93274
| | - P D Constable
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 W Hazelwood Dr, Urbana IL, 61802
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Ludwig-Begall LF, Heyne B. aPDI meets PPE: photochemical decontamination in healthcare using methylene blue-where are we now, where will we go? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:215-223. [PMID: 38165604 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Personal protective equipment (PPE) reuse, first recommended in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, can mitigate shortages in crisis situations and can greatly reduce the environmental impact of typically single-use PPE. Prior to safe reuse, PPE must be sanitized and contaminating pathogens-in current circumstances viruses in particular-must be inactivated. However, many established decontamination procedures are not equitable and remain unavailable in low-resource settings. In mid-2020, an interdisciplinary consortium of researchers first studied the potential of implementing cheap and easy-to-use antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) using methylene blue as photosensitizer to decontaminate face masks and filtering facepiece respirators. In this perspective piece, we describe the development of this novel method, discuss recent advances, and offer insights into how equitable PPE decontamination via methylene blue-based aPDI may be integrated into circular economy policies in the healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa F Ludwig-Begall
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Centre, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Belinda Heyne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Hannan MN, Sharma AK, Baran TM. First in human measurements of abscess cavity optical properties and methylene blue uptake prior to photodynamic therapy by in vivo diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.16.23297088. [PMID: 37905076 PMCID: PMC10615020 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.23297088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance Efficacious photodynamic therapy (PDT) of abscess cavities requires personalized treatment planning. This relies on knowledge of abscess wall optical properties, which we report for the first time in human subjects. Aim The objective was to extract optical properties and photosensitizer concentration from spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance measurements of abscess cavities prior to methylene blue (MB) PDT, as part of a Phase 1 clinical trial. Approach Diffuse reflectance spectra were collected at the abscess wall of 13 human subjects using a custom fiber-optic probe and optical spectroscopy system, before and after MB administration. A Monte Carlo lookup table was used to extract optical properties. Results Pre-MB abscess wall absorption coefficients at 665 nm were 0.15±0.1 cm -1 (0.03-0.36 cm -1 ) and 10.74±15.81 cm -1 (0.08-49.3 cm -1 ) post-MB. Reduced scattering coefficients at 665 nm were 8.45±2.37 cm -1 (4.8-13.2 cm -1 ) and 5.6±2.26 cm -1 (1.6-9.9 cm -1 ) for pre-MB and post-MB, respectively. Oxygen saturations were found to be 58.83±35.78% (5.6-100%) pre-MB and 36.29±25.1% (0.0001-76.4%) post-MB. Determined MB concentrations were 71.83±108.22 µM (0-311 µM). Conclusions We observed substantial inter-subject variation in both native wall optical properties and methylene blue uptake. This underscores the importance of making these measurements for patient-specific treatment planning.
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Cabral FV, dos Santos Souza TH, Sellera FP, Fontes A, Ribeiro MS. Strengthening collaborations at the Biology-Physics interface: trends in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:685-697. [PMID: 37681106 PMCID: PMC10480098 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The unbridled use of antimicrobial drugs over the last decades contributed to the global dissemination of drug-resistant pathogens and increasing rates of life-threatening infections for which limited therapeutic options are available. Currently, the search for safe, fast, and effective therapeutic strategies to combat infectious diseases is a worldwide demand. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) rises as a promising therapeutic approach against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. APDT combines light, a photosensitizing drug (PS), and oxygen to kill microorganisms by oxidative stress. Since the APDT field involves branches of biology and physics, the strengthening of interdisciplinary collaborations under the aegis of biophysics is welcome. Given this scenario, Brazil is one of the global leaders in the production of APDT science. In this review, we provide detailed reports of APDT studies published by the Laboratory of Optical Therapy (IPEN-CNEN), Group of Biomedical Nanotechnology (UFPE), and collaborators over the last 10 years. We present an integrated perspective of APDT from basic research to clinical practice and highlight its promising use, encouraging its adoption as an effective and safe technology to tackle important pathogens. We cover the use of methylene blue (MB) or Zn(II) porphyrins as PSs to kill bacteria, fungi, parasites, and pathogenic algae in laboratory assays. We describe the impact of MB-APDT in Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine to treat different infectious diseases. We also point out future directions combining APDT and nanotechnology. We hope this review motivates further APDT studies providing intuitive, vivid, and insightful information for the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Viana Cabral
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Parra Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Martha Simões Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo, Brazil
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Machado CS, Seeger MG, Moreira KS, Burgo TAL, Iglesias BA, Vogel FSF, Cargnelutti JF. In vitro porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy against mono and polyculture of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from integumentary infections in animals. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103179. [PMID: 36334907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have been frequently isolated from integumentary lesions of animals, and these lesions are usually infected by more than one pathogen. This study evaluated an in vitro antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using two water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins (3-H2TMeP and 4-H2TMeP) against mono and polyculture of MDR bacteria isolated from dogs, cats, and horses. Ten isolates of MDR bacteria (two of each species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius) were used to evaluate aPDT against the monoculture using a non-cytotoxic concentration of 3-H2TMeP and 4-H2TMeP porphyrins (40 µM), with 30 min of light irradiation in Gram-positive and 90 min for Gram-negative bacteria. The aPDT using the 4-H2TMeP porphyrin was also tested against five different polycultures (Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) and Pseudomonas sp.; E. coli and Proteus sp.; Pseudomonas sp. and Proteus sp.; CPS and E. coli; and CPS and Proteus sp.) for 90 min. The efficacy of both treatments was evaluated by plating the solution exposed to light or kept in the dark and counting the colonies forming units after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Atomic force microscope analysis was used to map bacteria morphological changes and extract adhesion force parameters from the bacteria membranes. Only the 4-H2TMeP porphyrin had antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria in monoculture, especially S. pseudointermedius and P. aeruginosa. In polyculture, the 4-H2TMeP porphyrin reduced bacterial concentrations (p < 0.05) in the associations of E. coli and S. pseudointermedius, P. aeruginosa and S. pseudointermedius, and P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis. These results showed that aPDT using 4-H2TMeP is a good option for future associations of aPDT and other therapies or in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Machado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 97 - HVU, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marlane G Seeger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 97 - HVU, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Moreira
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemical Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago A L Burgo
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemical Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo state University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda S F Vogel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 63D - bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 63D - bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
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Wielick C, Fries A, Dams L, Razafimahefa RM, Heyne B, Harcourt BH, Lendvay TS, Willaert JF, de Jaeger S, Haubruge E, Thiry E, Ludwig-Begall LF. Of masks and methylene blue—The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:871-877. [PMID: 35908825 PMCID: PMC9329083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reuse of personal protective equipment, specifically that of medical face coverings, has been recommended. The reuse of these typically single-use only items necessitates procedures to inactivate contaminating human respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens. We previously demonstrated decontamination of surgical masks and respirators contaminated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 and various animal coronaviruses via low concentration- and short exposure methylene blue photochemical treatment (10 µM methylene blue, 30 minutes of 12,500-lux red light or 50,000 lux white light exposure). Methods Here, we describe the adaptation of this protocol to the decontamination of a more resistant, non-enveloped gastrointestinal virus and demonstrate efficient photodynamic inactivation of murine norovirus, a human norovirus surrogate. Results Methylene blue photochemical treatment (100 µM methylene blue, 30 minutes of 12,500-lux red light exposure) of murine norovirus-contaminated masks reduced infectious viral titers by over four orders of magnitude on surgical mask surfaces. Discussion and Conclusions Inactivation of a norovirus, the most difficult to inactivate of the respiratory and gastrointestinal human viruses, can predict the inactivation of any less resistant viral mask contaminant. The protocol developed here thus solidifies the position of methylene blue photochemical decontamination as an important tool in the package of practical pandemic preparedness.
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Feng CC, Lu WF, Liu YC, Liu TH, Chen YC, Chien HW, Wei Y, Chang HW, Yu J. A hemostatic keratin/alginate hydrogel scaffold with methylene blue mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4878-4888. [PMID: 35698997 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00898j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrollable bleeding and infection are two of the most common causes of trauma-related death. Yet, developing safe materials with high hemostatic and antibacterial effectiveness remains a challenge. Keratin-based biomaterials have been reported to exhibit the functions of enhancing platelet binding and activating and facilitating fibrinogen polymerization. In this study, we designed a hemostatic material with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, hemostatic ability, and antibacterial function to solve the shortcomings of common hemostatic materials. Methylene blue-loaded keratin/alginate composite scaffolds were prepared by the freeze-gelation method. The composite scaffolds exhibited over 1600% liquid absorption, well-interconnected pores, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. We find that the keratin/alginate composite scaffolds' synergistic action may significantly reduce hemostasis time. To prevent infection, the drug-loaded scaffolds generated high burst release by absorbing wound exudate in the early stages of wound healing. The results obtained by the antimicrobial photoinactivation assay in vitro suggest that an antimicrobial photodynamic effect might be triggered, thereby preventing the fast growth of colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chih Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Fan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chen Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yin-Chuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Wen Chien
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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