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Qu Z, Chen Y, Du K, Qiao J, Chen L, Chen J, Wei L. ALA-PDT promotes the death and contractile capacity of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts through inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3/4 signaling pathway. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103915. [PMID: 38128289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic scars, an abnormal wound-healing response to burn injuries, are characterized by massive fibroblast proliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and collagen. 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a promising therapy for hypertrophic scar, details of the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in ALA-PDT against hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. METHODS The morphologies of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) treated with ALA-PDT were observed under a light microscopy. The viability of HSFs was detected using the CCK-8 assay. HSFs-populated collagen gel contraction assays were conducted to examine the fibroblast contractility and the cytotoxicity of HSFs in 3D collagen tissues were observed using confocal microscopy. The effect of ALA-PDT on TGF-β1/Smad2/3/4 signaling pathway activation and effector gene expression were verified by immunoprecipitation, western blot and real-time quantitative PCR analysis. RESULTS We observed significant changes in cell morphology after ALA-PDT treatment of HSFs. As ALA concentration and light dose increased, the viability of HSFs significantly decreased. ALA-PDT can significantly alleviate the contractile capacity and promote the death of HSFs induced by TGF-β1 treatment in a three-dimensional collagen culture model. TGF-β1 treatment of HSFs can significantly induce phosphorylation of Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) in whole cells, as well as p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 proteins into the nucleus and increase the mRNA levels of collagen 1/3 and α-SMA. ALA-PDT hampers the TGF-β1-Smad2/3/4 signaling pathway activation by inducing K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation of Smad4. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that ALA-PDT can inhibit fibroblast contraction and promote cell death by inhibiting the activation of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway that mediates hypertrophic scar formation, which may be the basis for the efficacy of ALA-PDT in the treatment of hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Qu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Skin Infection And Immunity, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Skin Infection And Immunity, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Du
- Medical Engineering Section, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - JiaXi Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liuqing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Skin Infection And Immunity, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Skin Infection And Immunity, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Li Wei
- Deans Office,Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Ma C, Jian C, Guo L, Li W, Zhang C, Wang L, Yuan M, Zhang P, Dong J, He P, Shi L. Adipose Tissue Targeting Ultra-Small Hybrid Nanoparticles for Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Browning Induction in Obesity Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308962. [PMID: 37949812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a means of locally and rapidly inducing adipocyte death via light illumination, in combination with adipose browning induction, a more gradual and widespread effect that could transform white adipose tissue into thermogenic adipose tissue, manifests a promising approach to combat obesity. Herein, adipose-targeting ultra-small hybrid nanoparticles (Pep-PPIX-Baic NPs) composed of an adipose-targeting peptide, Fe3+ , a photosensitizer (protoporphyrin IX), and a browning agent (baicalin) are introduced. Pep-PPIX-Baic NPs have been designed to simultaneously enhance the photodynamic effect and induce browning. After intravenous injection in obese mice, the hybrid nanoparticles can specifically accumulate in white adipose tissues, especially those rich in blood supply, and drive adipose reduction owing to the synergy of the PDT effect and baicalin browning induction. Overall, Pep-PPIX-Baic NPs exhibited superior anti-obesity potential through PDT synergistic with adipose browning induction. The designed multifunctional adipose-targeting hybrid nanoparticles present a prospective nanoplatform for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chuanjiang Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Lihao Guo
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Li Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, 47 Youyi Road, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Jinqiao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Pharmacology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Leilei Shi
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201600, China
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Sun H, Li Y, Zhang P, Xing H, Zhao S, Song Y, Wan D, Yu J. Targeting toll-like receptor 7/8 for immunotherapy: recent advances and prospectives. Biomark Res 2022; 10:89. [PMID: 36476317 PMCID: PMC9727882 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of proteins that are expressed in immune cells and various tumor cells. TLR7/8 are located in the intracellular endosomes, participate in tumor immune surveillance and play different roles in tumor growth. Activation of TLRs 7 and 8 triggers induction of a Th1 type innate immune response in the highly sophisticated process of innate immunity signaling with the recent research advances involving the small molecule activation of TLR 7 and 8. The wide range of expression and clinical significance of TLR7/TLR8 in different kinds of cancers have been extensively explored. TLR7/TLR8 can be used as novel diagnostic biomarkers, progression and prognostic indicators, and immunotherapeutic targets for various tumors. Although the mechanism of action of TLR7/8 in cancer immunotherapy is still incomplete, TLRs on T cells are involved in the regulation of T cell function and serve as co-stimulatory molecules and activate T cell immunity. TLR agonists can activate T cell-mediated antitumor responses with both innate and adaptive immune responses to improve tumor therapy. Recently, novel drugs of TLR7 or TLR8 agonists with different scaffolds have been developed. These agonists lead to the induction of certain cytokines and chemokines that can be applied to the treatment of some diseases and can be used as good adjutants for vaccines. Furthermore, TLR7/8 agonists as potential therapeutics for tumor-targeted immunotherapy have been developed. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of immunotherapy strategies targeting TLR7/8 in patients with various cancers and chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yingmei Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Peng Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Song Zhao
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yongping Song
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Dingming Wan
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
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