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Svensberg K, Khashi M, Dobric S, Guirguis M, Ljungberg Persson C. Making medication communication visible in community pharmacies-pharmacists' experience using a question prompt list in the patient meeting. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:4072-4082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shilenkova VV, Nenasheva NM. [Allergic rhinitis: what is the patient's choice of drug based on? Russian study's results]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2021; 86:54-61. [PMID: 33929153 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20218602154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease that significantly affects the quality of life (QOL) of the patients. Scientific researches that reveal the reasons for the uncontrolled course of AR and the low level of QoL in patients are rare. OBJECTIVE Of this study was to establish how often patients with moderate AR seek medical care or prefer to choose a drug on their own in a pharmacy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study consisted of an online survey of 328 adults over the age of 18 who bought drugs in a pharmacy for treatment of AR. The respondents were divided into two groups: 1) those who bought the drug according to the recommendation of a doctor (164), 2) those who chose the drug on their own (164). RESULTS The study revealed a dissonance between the severity of clinical symptoms of AR and how patients assess their QoL. The majority of patients estimated the symptoms of AR as moderate, but the disease itself was characterized as mild, not interfering with daily activity and sleep. The more severe the manifestations of AR were, the more often patients did not seek medical care from a doctor, preferring an independent choice of drugs, the help of a pharmacist, or focusing on long-standing doctor's recommendations. 48% of patients have never visited a doctor for AR. We have found a discrepancy between the optimal choice of drugs for the treatment of AR and the patient's attitude to this choice. 95% of patients purchased oral antihistamines from the pharmacy, 71% - decongestants, 26% - vitamins and food supplements. Although topical steroids were recommended by a doctor in 57% of cases, only 37% of patients bought intranasal corticosteroids in a pharmacy. When choosing a drug, 36% of patients preferred the advice of pharmacists; almost 50% followed advice from relatives and friends, 23% of patients used information from the Internet. CONCLUSION This study confirmed a tendency towards a decrease in patient adherence to modern AR therapy algorithms. Patient seeking medical care for AR is extremely low. It is required to optimize the education of primary care physicians and pharmacists, develop educational programs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Shilenkova
- Yaroslavl State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - N M Nenasheva
- FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Garza KB, Hohmann NS, Kavookjian J, Kleppinger EL. Assessment of student performance on a mock new prescription counseling session and an objective structured clinical examination across five years. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2020; 12:1046-1055. [PMID: 32624133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New prescription counseling (NPC) provides vital information to patients regarding newly prescribed medications to improve treatment outcomes. This evaluation's goals were to describe the implementation of teaching and assessment methods incorporated into an NPC module across two courses at Auburn University and evaluate student performance on assessments of NPC skills over five years. METHODS Assessments included self and peer evaluations of a recorded mock NPC session, NPC objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), and overall course grade. Scores were analyzed over a five-year period (2012 to 2016) to evaluate mean student performance in each of four domains (gathering information, communication, management strategies, and monitoring and follow-up) and overall for each assessment. Pearson's correlation coefficients between these scores were calculated by combining all five years of data. RESULTS Seven-hundred thirty-three students were included in the analysis. No trends in mean domain and total assessment scores were noted across years. Self and peer evaluation domain and total scores were significantly, though moderately, correlated across assessments (r = 0.43-0.51), except in the communication domain (r = 0.12). Overall, NPC OSCE total scores were not correlated with NPC recording self or peer evaluation total scores (r = 0.06 and r = 0.11, respectively). Assessment total scores were all moderately correlated with overall course grades. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of a scaffolding approach with class discussion, demonstration, role-play, self and peer evaluation, and OSCEs, is an effective means of building student competence in patient counseling for the NPC context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Garza
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 4306B Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - Natalie S Hohmann
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 4201A Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - Jan Kavookjian
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 4306C Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
| | - Erika L Kleppinger
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, 1327C Walker Building, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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Da Costa DL, Corlett SA, Dodds LJ. A narrative review on the consultation tools available for pharmacists in the United Kingdom: do they facilitate person-centred care? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2019; 28:301-311. [PMID: 31638309 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify consultation tools cited in the published literature and undertake a narrative review which establishes their scope to support the delivery of person-centred medicine-focused consultations between community pharmacists and patients in the United Kingdom (UK). KEY FINDINGS Nine consultation tools used in a pharmacy context were identified. Four tools (Calgary-Cambridge guide, MRCF, MUR and NMS advanced services and PaCT) were selected for further appraisal. None of the tools identified provided a suitable format or sufficient guidance to address all components required for the delivery of a person-centred patient consultation in practice. SUMMARY Tools available to UK pharmacists are inadequate for fully supporting delivery of a person-centred consultation in practice. Revision of existing tools or creation of more pharmacy-specific tools will support UK pharmacists' delivery of person-centred consultations in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Da Costa
- Pharmacy Practice, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Sarah A Corlett
- Pharmacy Practice, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Linda J Dodds
- Pharmacy Practice, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham, UK
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DaCosta D, Dodds LJ, Corlett SA. Development of a tool to support person-centred medicine-focused consultations with stroke survivors. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2019; 102:1263-1272. [PMID: 30765119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a tool to support medicine-focused person-centred consultations between community pharmacists and stroke survivors. METHOD Semi-structured interviews with 15 stroke survivors and 16 community pharmacists were conducted. Thematic analysis of the data was performed and emerging themes examined to determine their relevance to the principles of delivering person-centred care. Findings were used to generate a framework from which a consultation tool was created. Face validity and the feasibility of using the tool in practice were explored with participating pharmacists. RESULTS Three major themes were identified; personal, process and environmental factors. A tool, in two parts, was developed, A 'Getting to know me' form which would help the pharmacist to appreciate the individual needs of the stroke survivor and a consultation guide to facilitate the consultation process. Pharmacists considered that both were useful and would support a person-centred medicine-focussed consultation. CONCLUSION A consultation tool, reflecting the needs of stroke survivors, has been developed and is feasible for use within community pharmacy practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Pharmacists must recognise the individual needs of stroke survivors to ensure that they provide consultations which are truly person-centred. The tool developed could support medicine-related consultations with patients with other long term conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DaCosta
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Linda J Dodds
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Corlett
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
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Tan R, Cvetkovski B, Kritikos V, Yan K, Price D, Smith P, Bosnic-Anticevich S. Management of allergic rhinitis in the community pharmacy: identifying the reasons behind medication self-selection. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2018; 16:1332. [PMID: 30416632 PMCID: PMC6207357 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2018.03.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Community pharmacists have a key role to play in the management of allergic rhinitis (AR). Their role is especially important because the majority of medications used to treat AR are available for purchase over-the-counter (OTC), allowing patients to self-select their own medications and bypass the pharmacists. Patients’ self-selection often results in suboptimal treatment selection, undertreated AR and poor clinical outcomes. In order for pharmacists to optimise the care for AR patients in the pharmacy, pharmacists need to be able to identify patient cohorts who self-select and are at high risk of mismanagement. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the demographics, clinical characteristics and medication selected, between pharmacy customers who choose to self-select and those who speak with a pharmacist when purchasing medication for their AR in a community pharmacy and identify factors associated with AR patients’ medication(s) self-selection behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a convenience sample of community pharmacies from the Sydney metropolitan area. Demographics, pattern of AR symptoms, their impact on quality of life (QOL) and medication(s) selected, were collected. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with participants’ medication self-selection behaviour. Results: Of the 296 recruited participants, 202 were identified with AR; 67.8% were female, 54.5% were >40 years of age, 64.9% had a doctor’s diagnosis of AR, and 69.3% self-selected medication(s). Participants with AR who self-select were 4 times more likely to experience moderate-severe wheeze (OR 4.047, 95% CI 1.155-14.188) and almost 0.4 times less likely to experience an impact of AR symptoms on their QOL (OR 0.369, 95% CI 0.188-0.727). Conclusions: The factors associated with AR patients’ self-selecting medication(s) are the presence of wheeze and the absence of impact on their QOL due to AR symptoms. By identifying this cohort of patients, our study highlights an opportunity for pharmacists to engage these patients and encourage discussion about their AR and asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tan
- Quality Use of Respiratory Medicines Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney. Sydney (Australia).
| | - Biljana Cvetkovski
- Quality Use of Respiratory Medicines Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney. Sydney, NSW (Australia).
| | - Vicky Kritikos
- Clinical Researcher Pharmacist. Quality Use of Respiratory Medicines Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney; & Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Sydney, NSW (Australia).
| | - Kwok Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Sydney, NSW (Australia).
| | - David Price
- Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen (United Kingdom).
| | - Peter Smith
- Institution: Clinical Medicine, Griffith University. Southport, QLD (Australia).
| | - Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich
- Professor and Principal Research Fellow. Quality Use of Respiratory Medicines Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney; & Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW (Australia).
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From transitions to transformation – A study of pharmacists developing patient-centered communication skills. Res Social Adm Pharm 2018; 14:686-694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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How pharmacists check the appropriateness of drug therapy? Observations in community pharmacy. Res Social Adm Pharm 2017; 13:349-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kerr A, Strawbridge J, Kelleher C, Mertens F, Pype P, Deveugele M, Pawlikowska T. How can pharmacists develop patient-pharmacist communication skills? A realist review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:14. [PMID: 28115005 PMCID: PMC5260031 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good patient-pharmacist communication improves health outcomes. There is, however, room for improving pharmacists' communication skills. These develop through complex interactions during undergraduate pharmacy education, practice-based learning and continuing professional development. Research is needed to determine how best to approach teaching patient-pharmacist communication. METHODS The aim of the research is to understand how educational interventions develop patient-pharmacist interpersonal communication skills produce their effects. A realist review approach will be used to synthesise the literature to make sense of the complexities of educational interventions. Our review will iteratively progress through the various stages of clarifying scope, locating existing theories, searching for evidence, appraisal of papers, data extraction and synthesis. A scoping review revealed a number of substantive theories, which will be used to build an initial programme theory. This will be explored through available published evidence, which we will find by searching databases such as Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo, ERIC, Scopus and Web of Science. Judgements will be made on the relevance and rigour of the retrieved literature and will be taken into consideration during analysis and synthesis. Synthesis, testing and refinement of the theories will describe and explain the links between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of educational interventions for communication development in pharmacy. DISCUSSION The realist review will provide an analysis of what works when, for whom, how and why, for educational interventions for interpersonal patient-pharmacist communication development. We will also explore barriers to successful communications training and acknowledge any limitations. Ultimately, we plan to provide pharmacy educators with evidence for how best to incorporate educational interventions for communications skills development into pharmacy curricula and for life-long learning opportunities for pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Kerr
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Judith Strawbridge
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline Kelleher
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fien Mertens
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Pype
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Myriam Deveugele
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Murad MS, Spiers JA, Guirguis LM. Expressing and negotiating face in community pharmacist-patient interactions. Res Social Adm Pharm 2016; 13:1110-1126. [PMID: 27816565 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A collaborative patient-pharmacist interaction is fundamental to greater patient satisfaction with pharmacy care and improved medication adherence. Effective pharmacist-patient communication occurs when both pharmacist and patient are able to successfully attend to not only the typical tasks and goals of the interaction but also basic face needs that underlie all social interaction; autonomy, competence or esteem, and fellowship. Addressing face needs occurs through conventional and strategic communication strategies that respond to the emerging needs throughout an interaction. Pharmacist-patient interactions are not just about transfer of information and medications. Both parties assess the situation, the others' intentions within the context of their own goals and this influences how they choose to act throughout the interaction. Face-work Theory provides a framework to understand these interaction processes in pharmacist-patient communication. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine face needs, threats and the strategic communication strategies used to address these within community pharmacist-patient interactions. METHODS This exploratory descriptive study drew upon principles of ethology to first describe naturally occurring behaviour and then to interpret this behaviour within the context of Face-work theory. Twenty-five audio-recorded community pharmacist-patient interactions were collected and analyzed. The average length of these interactions was 3:67 min with a range of 0.39 s-9:35 min. RESULTS Multiple face needs for both pharmacist and patient were evident in most interactions. Autonomy, competence and fellowship face needs were negotiated in the following contexts: participative relationships, concordant role expectations, sensitive topics, and negotiating expertise and knowledge. Competence face needs for both parties were the most dominant need found in negotiating role expectations. The most common communication strategies used to support face were solidarity based strategies while indirect and depersonalized questions were commonly employed to mitigate face threat. IMPLICATIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Face-work Theory is a novel approach to understand processes and outcomes of patient-pharmacist interactions in community pharmacies. Linking speech acts with face needs and threats may help to elucidate how pharmacist-patient interactions achieve both task oriented and interpersonal goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna S Murad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-171, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Judith A Spiers
- Faculty of Nursing, Level 3, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Lisa M Guirguis
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-171, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Avenue, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9, Canada.
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Guirguis LM, Nusair MB. Standardized patients' preferences for pharmacist interactive communication style: A mixed method approach. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2016; 56:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lam N, N. Muravez S, Boyce RW. A comparison of the Indian Health Service counseling technique with traditional, lecture-style counseling. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2015; 55:503-10. [DOI: 10.1331/japha.2015.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Witry MJ, Doucette WR. Community pharmacists, medication monitoring, and the routine nature of refills: A qualitative study. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2014; 54:594-603. [DOI: 10.1331/japha.2014.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Guirguis LM, Johnson S, Emberley P. Pharmacists Connect and CARE: Transforming pharmacy customers into patients. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2014; 147:149-53. [PMID: 24847366 DOI: 10.1177/1715163514530098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Guirguis
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Guirguis), University of Alberta, Edmonton
| | - Sherrill Johnson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Guirguis), University of Alberta, Edmonton
| | - Philip Emberley
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Guirguis), University of Alberta, Edmonton
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Puspitasari HP, Aslani P, Krass I. Australian community pharmacists' awareness and practice in supporting secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Int J Clin Pharm 2013; 35:1218-28. [PMID: 24057435 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-013-9854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists are well placed to identify, prevent and resolve medicine related problems as well as monitor the effectiveness of treatments in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pharmacists' interventions in CVD secondary prevention have been shown to improve outcomes for clients with established CVD. OBJECTIVE To explore the scope of pharmacists' activities in supporting CVD secondary prevention. SETTING Community pharmacies in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS Twenty-one in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a range of community pharmacists were conducted. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed ad verbatim. Data were analyzed using a 'grounded-theory' approach by applying methods of constant comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Community pharmacists' awareness and current practice in supporting secondary prevention of CVD. RESULTS Four key themes identified included 'awareness', 'patient counselling', 'patient monitoring', and 'perceptions of the role of pharmacists in CVD secondary prevention'. The pharmacists demonstrated a moderate understanding of CVD secondary prevention. There was considerable variability in the scope of practice among the participants, ranging from counselling only about medicines to providing continuity of care. A minority of pharmacists who had negative beliefs about their roles in CVD secondary prevention offered limited support to their clients. The majority of pharmacists, however, believed that they have an important role to play in supporting clients with established CVD. CONCLUSION Community pharmacists in Australia make a contribution to the care of clients with established CVD despite the gap in their knowledge and understanding of CVD secondary prevention. The scope of practice in CVD secondary prevention ranged from only counselling about medicines to offering continuity of care. The extent of pharmacists' involvement in offering disease management appears to be influenced by their beliefs regarding what is required within their scope of practice.
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The prime questions in authentic patient's consultations: A call for additional research on current and new paradigms. Res Social Adm Pharm 2013; 9:339-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hadi MA, Alldred DP, Closs SJ, Briggs M. Mixed-methods research in pharmacy practice: recommendations for quality reporting. Part 2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2013; 22:96-100. [PMID: 23419033 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This is the second of two papers that explore the use of mixed-methods research in pharmacy practice. This paper discusses the rationale, applications, limitations and challenges of conducting mixed-methods research. As with other research methods, the choice of mixed-methods should always be justified because not all research questions require a mixed-methods approach. Mixed-methods research is particularly suitable when one dataset may be inadequate in answering the research question, an explanation of initial results is required, generalizability of qualitative findings is desired or broader and deeper understanding of a research problem is necessary. Mixed-methods research has its own challenges and limitations, which should be considered carefully while designing the study. There is a need to improve the quality of reporting of mixed-methods research. A framework for reporting mixed-methods research is proposed, for researchers and reviewers, with the intention of improving its quality. Pharmacy practice research can benefit from research that uses both 'numbers' (quantitative) and 'words' (qualitative) to develop a strong evidence base to support pharmacy-led services.
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Blom L, Krass I. Introduction: the role of pharmacy in patient education and counseling. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2011; 83:285-287. [PMID: 21641167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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