1
|
Jones PR, Santiago J, Pearsall BM, Chu DM, Wolff C, Kearsley A. A survey on perceived medication guide reading and comprehension ease among US adults. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daad190. [PMID: 38386901 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Medication guides (MGs) provide patients with important information about certain prescription drugs to help them take these drugs safely. We surveyed US residents about their perceptions of MG readability and understandability. We randomly sampled 5204 US residents (age 18+) from Ipsos's KnowledgePanel to complete a two-part survey. Only respondents who reported receiving an MG with their prescription drugs (n = 3852) completed part 2, which included two key items: How easy to [(1)read/(2)understand] are the MGs that you have received from a pharmacy along with your prescription medicines? (1 = Very easy, 5 = Very difficult; reverse-coded). Health literacy (HL) and demographic data were also collected. After weighting our data, we found that 85% of respondents who reported receiving an MG perceived this information as 'very easy' (27.3%), 'somewhat easy' (28.3%) or 'about average' (29.3%) to read. Eighty-seven percent of respondents who reported receiving an MG perceived it as 'very easy' (27.6%), 'somewhat easy' (30.2%) or 'about average' (29.5%) to understand. ANOVAs revealed higher average perceived MG reading and comprehension ease scores among respondents presumed to have adequate versus inadequate HL (ps ≤ 0.0006). Younger or less-educated respondents and non-Hispanic Blacks perceived MGs as easier to read and understand, on average, than their counterparts (ps ≤ 0.0001). Many of these relationships remained intact in models predicting perceived MG reading and comprehension ease (ps ≤ 0.001). Adjusted R2 values across models were small, however (≤0.06). Our findings suggest most US residents (18+) who received MGs perceived them to be 'about average' to 'very easy' to read and understand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Jones
- Division of Medical Policy Programs, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jonas Santiago
- Division of Medical Policy Programs, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bryon M Pearsall
- Division of Medical Policy Programs, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Dan-My Chu
- Division of Medical Policy Programs, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Carolyn Wolff
- Office of Economics and Analysis, Office of Policy, Legislation, and International Affairs, Office of the Commissioner, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Aaron Kearsley
- Office of Economics and Analysis, Office of Policy, Legislation, and International Affairs, Office of the Commissioner, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Health Literacy Level and Comprehension of Prescription and Nonprescription Drug Information. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116665. [PMID: 35682249 PMCID: PMC9180079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the level of misunderstanding of medication information in Korean adults after stratifying by level of health literacy and to identify the factors influencing the misunderstanding of medication information and reading amounts of information on OTC drug labels. A cross-sectional survey was performed with 375 adult participants using the survey instrument. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors which influence misunderstanding of medication information. Participants misunderstood 20% of words on OTC drug labels, 9% of prescription drug instructions, and 9% of pictograms. Participants on average read 59% of the overall contents of the OTC drug labels. As prescription drugs’ dosing regimens became more complicated, the level of misunderstanding instructions increased. The level of misunderstanding words on OTC drug labels significantly decreased as participants had adequate health literacy (β = −18.11, p < 0.001) and higher education levels (β = −6.83, p < 0.001), after adjusting for the study variables. The level of misunderstanding instructions for prescription drugs increased as participants became older (β = 8.81, p < 0.001) and had lower education levels (β = −5.05, p < 0.001), after adjusting for the study variables. The level of misunderstanding pictograms was similar to that of misunderstanding instructions for prescription drug labels. The amount of reading information on OTC drug labels significantly increased as respondents had adequate health literacy (β = 9.27, p < 0.001), were older (β = 12.49, p < 0.001), or had chronic diseases (β = 7.49, p = 0.007). Individuals’ health literacy level, reading behaviors, and complexity of medication instructions are associated with misunderstanding of medication information. Appropriate word choices in drug labels and an improved format of medication instructions could increase understanding of medication information and prevent adverse drug reactions.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kelly B, O’Donoghue A, Parvanta S, Boudewyns V, Oguntimein O, Bann C, West S, Tzeng J, Chandler C, Madson G, McCormack L. Effects of additional context information in prescription drug information sheets on comprehension and risk and efficacy perceptions. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:15. [PMID: 35232474 PMCID: PMC8887124 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-021-00386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine how additional explanatory text (context) about drug side effects in a patient medication information handout affected comprehension and perceptions of risk and efficacy. Methods We conducted an online experiment with a national sample of 1,119 U.S. adults with rheumatoid arthritis and related conditions, sampled through random-digit dialing, address-based sampling, and online ads. We randomized participants to receive one of several versions of a patient information handout for a fictitious drug, either with or without additional context, then measured comprehension and other outcomes. Results Additional qualitative context about warnings and side effects resulted in lower comprehension of side effect information, but not information about uses of the drug or warnings. The effect of additional context on risk perceptions depended on whether the medication handout was delivered online or through the mail. Those who received a hardcopy of the handout with additional context had higher perceived risk of side effects than those who saw the version without additional context. Conclusion More clarifying information is not always better and may lead to cognitive overload, inhibiting comprehension. Practice implications Additional research should further explore effects of context in online vs. hard-copy formats before practice implications can be determined. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40545-021-00386-9.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang YM, Chen LJ, Hsieh LL, Chan HY, Chen-Liu KCS, Ho YF. Evaluation of use, comprehensibility and clarity of over-the-counter medicine labels: Consumers' perspectives and needs in Taiwan. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:753-761. [PMID: 33034423 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An estimate of one third of preventable medication errors occurred annually due to patients' misunderstanding of use instructions. To safeguard consumers' over-the-counter (OTC) medicine use and to develop future initiatives, this study evaluated the use, comprehensibility and clarity of the information labels on OTC packages from consumers' perspectives in Taiwan. This cross-sectional study was conducted at 29 community pharmacies; 50 pharmacy clerkship students helped participant enrolment from June to September 2017. Participants (n = 470) were 20 years old or above, Mandarin speaking, and with specific OTC purchases. A face-to-face survey was administered to investigate the degree to which participants read the package labels and their comprehension of correct medicine use. An 11-item survey was used to measure participants' specific OTC purchases (3 items), the use (2 items), comprehensibility (1 item) and clarity (2 items) of OTC package labels, in addition to the sociodemographic information (3 items). Participants were also solicited to provide opinions regarding package label redesign. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were applied for analyses. Findings show that most (84.0%) participants read instruction labels before use, with indications (79.4%), drug names (64.5%) and dosage and administration (59.8%) being the top reads. Only 30.0% of the participants fully understood how to take the medicines correctly. Younger (OR = 1.033, p < .001) and female participants (OR = 1.965, p = .014) with a higher level of education (OR = 1.940, p = .034) tended to read package label information prior to purchase or use. Younger participants (OR = 1.030, p < .001) and those who read OTC medicine labels before use (OR = 2.317, p = .004) were more likely to correctly understand medicine use. The findings indicate that older, male adults with a lower level of education should be targeted to ensure their correct understanding of OTC labels. Pharmacists should recite pertinent label information and, concomitantly, ensure consumers' understanding when providing medicine counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ming Huang
- Department of Allied and Population Health, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ling-Ling Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Yu Chan
- Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce, TX, USA
| | - Karin C S Chen-Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yunn-Fang Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oktay LA, Abuelgasim E, Abdelwahed A, Houbby N, Lampridou S, Normahani P, Peters N, Jaffer U. Factors Affecting Engagement in Web-Based Health Care Patient Information: Narrative Review of the Literature. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e19896. [PMID: 34554104 PMCID: PMC8498891 DOI: 10.2196/19896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based content is rapidly becoming the primary source of health care information. There is a pressing need for web-based health care content to not only be accurate but also be engaging. Improved engagement of people with web-based health care content has the potential to inform as well as influence behavioral change to enable people to make better health care choices. The factors associated with better engagement with web-based health care content have previously not been considered. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to identify the factors that affect engagement with web-based health care content and develop a framework to be considered when creating such content. METHODS A comprehensive search of the PubMed and MEDLINE database was performed from January 1, 1946, to January 5, 2020. The reference lists of all included studies were also searched. The Medical Subject Headings database was used to derive the following keywords: "patient information," "online," "internet," "web," and "content." All studies in English pertaining to the factors affecting engagement in web-based health care patient information were included. No restrictions were set on the study type. Analysis of the themes arising from the results was performed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS The search yielded 814 articles, of which 56 (6.9%) met our inclusion criteria. The studies ranged from observational and noncontrolled studies to quasi-experimental studies. Overall, there was significant heterogeneity in the types of interventions and outcome assessments, which made quantitative assessment difficult. Consensus among all authors of this study resulted in six categories that formed the basis of a framework to assess the factors affecting engagement in web-based health care content: easy to understand, support, adaptability, accessibility, visuals and content, and credibility and completeness. CONCLUSIONS There is a paucity of high-quality data relating to the factors that improve the quality of engagement with web-based health care content. Our framework summarizes the reported studies, which may be useful to health care content creators. An evaluation of the utility of web-based content to engage users is of significant importance and may be accessible through tools such as the Net Promoter score. Web 3.0 technology and development of the field of psychographics for health care offer further potential for development. Future work may also involve improvement of the framework through a co-design process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nour Houbby
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Usman Jaffer
- Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Monkman H, Kushniruk A, Borycki E, Sheets D, Barnett J, Nøhr C. The Medium Is the Message: How Do Canadian University Students Want Digital Medication Information? Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10120339. [PMID: 33321799 PMCID: PMC7764253 DOI: 10.3390/life10120339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To facilitate optimal prescription medication benefits and safety, it is important that people are informed about their prescription medications. As we shift towards using the digital medium to communicate medication information, it is important to address the needs and preferences of different user groups so that they are more likely to read and use this information. In this study, we examined what digital medication information (DMI) format Canadian University students want and why. (2) Methods: This study was a qualitative investigation of young (aged 18-35) Canadian University students' (N = 36) preferences and rationale supporting these preferences with respect to three potential formats for providing DMI: email, a mobile application (app), and online. Reported advantages and disadvantages of each of the three DMI formats were identified and categorized into unique themes. (3) Results: Findings from this study suggest that Canadian University Students most want to receive DMI by email, followed by a mobile app, and finally they were least receptive to online DMI. Participants provided diverse themes of reasons supporting their preferences. (4) Conclusions: Different user groups may have different needs with respect to receiving DMI. The themes from this study suggest that using a formative evaluation framework for assessing different DMI formats may be useful in future research. Email may be the best way to share DMI with younger, generally healthy, Canadian University students who are on few medications. Further research is required to explore whether other mediums for DMI are more appropriate for users with other characteristics (e.g., older and less educated) and contexts (e.g., polypharmacy and complex conditions). Given the flexibility of digital information, DMI could plausibly be provided in multiple formats and could allow users to choose the option they like best and would be most likely to use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Monkman
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (E.B.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andre Kushniruk
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (E.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Borycki
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (E.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Debra Sheets
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Jeff Barnett
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (E.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Christian Nøhr
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monkman H, Kushniruk AW, Borycki EM, Sheets DJ, Barnett J. Differences in Memory, Perceptions, and Preferences of Multimedia Consumer Medication Information: Experimental Performance and Self-Report Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2020; 7:e15913. [PMID: 33258780 PMCID: PMC7738255 DOI: 10.2196/15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic health resources are becoming prevalent. However, consumer medication information (CMI) is still predominantly text based. Incorporating multimedia into CMI (eg, images, narration) may improve consumers’ memory of the information as well as their perceptions and preferences of these materials. Objective This study examined whether adding images and narration to CMI impacted patients’ (1) memory, (2) perceptions of comprehensibility, utility, or design quality, and (3) overall preferences. Methods We presented 36 participants with CMI in 3 formats: (1) text, (2) text + images, and (3) narration + images, and subsequently asked them to recall information. After seeing all 3 CMI formats, participants rated the formats in terms of comprehensibility, utility, and design quality, and ranked them from most to least favorite. Results Interestingly, no significant differences in memory were observed (F2,70=0.1, P=0.901). Thus, this study did not find evidence to support multimedia or modality principles in the context of CMI. Despite the absence of effects on memory, the CMI format significantly impacted perceptions of the materials. Specifically, participants rated the text + images format highest in terms of comprehensibility (χ22=26.5, P<.001) and design quality (χ22=35.69, P<.001). Although the omnibus test suggested a difference in utility ratings as well (χ22=8.21, P=.016), no significant differences were found after correcting for multiple comparisons. Consistent with perception findings, the preference ranks yielded a significant difference (χ22=26.00, P<.001), whereby participants preferred the text + images format overall. Indeed, 75% (27/36) of participants chose the text + images format as their most favorite. Thus, although there were no objective memory differences between the formats, we observed subjective differences in comprehensibility, design quality, and overall preferences. Conclusions This study revealed that although multimedia did not appear to influence memory of CMI, it did impact participants’ opinions about the materials. The lack of observed differences in memory may have been due to ceiling effects, memory rather than understanding as an index of learning, the fragmented nature of the information in CMI itself, or the size or characteristics of the sample (ie, young, educated subjects with adequate health literacy skills). The differences in the subjective (ie, perceptions and preferences) and objective (ie, memory) results highlight the value of using both types of measures. Moreover, findings from this study could be used to inform future research on how CMI could be designed to better suit the preferences of consumers and potentially increase the likelihood that CMI is used. Additional research is warranted to explore whether multimedia impacts memory of CMI under different conditions (eg, older participants, subjects with lower levels of health literacy, more difficult stimuli, or extended time for decay).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Monkman
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Andre W Kushniruk
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Borycki
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Debra J Sheets
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Barnett
- School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mullen RJ, Duhig J, Russell A, Scarazzini L, Lievano F, Wolf MS. Best-practices for the design and development of prescription medication information: A systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2018; 101:1351-1367. [PMID: 29548600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present evidence supporting best-practices for prescription drug labeling and educational materials. METHODS Articles were selected from three online databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL). Eligible manuscripts were: 1) English-language, 2) randomized, controlled trials, and 3) focused on improving prescription drug labeling practices. RESULTS Forty-nine articles were reviewed, and included both regulated label materials and pharmacy or health systems-generated tools. Best-practices included use of plain language principles, typographic cues, quantitative descriptors, and standardized formats, when applicable. Common outcomes included preference and comprehension, while few studies examined actual medication use (e.g. adherence, harms) or clinical health outcomes. Approximately half of studies directly engaged patients' perspectives in intervention development, which may have helped increase tool effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Several best practices were apparent in the literature, particularly for written materials and pharmacy-generated container labeling. Design principles for supplemental instructions and multimedia tools were less cohesive, albeit less researched. The impact of patient involvement in tool design is promising, though requiring further study. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Definitive studies to inform practice standards on how to best communicate medication information to consumers are needed, especially as communication modalities continue to evolve. Increased research on if and how to incorporate patient-centered decision-making into the development process should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Mullen
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.
| | - James Duhig
- Pharmacovigilance and Patient Safety, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., GM60, AP51-2, North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States.
| | - Andrea Russell
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.
| | - Linda Scarazzini
- Pharmacovigilance and Patient Safety, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., GM60, AP51-2, North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States.
| | - Fabio Lievano
- Safety Sciences, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Rd., GM60, AP51-2, North Chicago, IL, 60064, United States.
| | - Michael S Wolf
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chin J, Moeller DD, Johnson J, Duwe EAG, Graumlich JF, Murray MD, Morrow DG. A Multi-faceted Approach to Promote Comprehension of Online Health Information Among Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 58:686-695. [PMID: 28329840 PMCID: PMC6044368 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Study Older adults' self-care often depends on understanding and utilizing health information. Inadequate health literacy among older adults poses a barrier to self-care because it hampers comprehension of this information, particularly when the information is not well-designed. Our goal was to improve comprehension of online health information among older adults with hypertension who varied in health literacy abilities. Design and Methods We identified passages about hypertension self-care from credible websites (typical passages). We used a multi-faceted approach to redesign these passages, revising their content, language, organization and format (revised passages). Older participants read both versions of the passages at their own pace. After each passage, they summarized the passage and then answered questions about the passage. Results Participants better remembered the revised than the typical passages, summarizing the passages more accurately and uptaking information more efficiently (less reading time needed per unit of information remembered). The benefits for reading efficiency were greater for older adults with more health knowledge, suggesting knowledge facilitated comprehension of information in the revised passages. Implications A systematic, multi-faceted approach to designing health documents can promote online learning among older adults with diverse health literacy abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Chin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Darcie D Moeller
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jessica Johnson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Elise A G Duwe
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - James F Graumlich
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria
| | | | - Daniel G Morrow
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park LM, Jones PR, Pearsall BM, Araojo RT. An update on medication guides. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2017; 27:129-132. [PMID: 29280228 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Park
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul R Jones
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bryon M Pearsall
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richardae T Araojo
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Medical Policy Initiatives, Office of Medical Policy, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Young A, Tordoff J, Smith A. ‘What do patients want?’ Tailoring medicines information to meet patients' needs. Res Social Adm Pharm 2017; 13:1186-1190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Role of Information Anxiety and Information Load on Processing of Prescription Drug Information Leaflets. PHARMACY 2017; 5:pharmacy5040057. [PMID: 29035337 PMCID: PMC5748538 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy5040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the role of information anxiety and information load on the intention to read information from prescription drug information leaflets (PILs). These PILs were developed based on the principals of information load and consumer information processing. This was an experimental prospective repeated measures study conducted in the United States where 360 (62% response rate) university students (>18 years old) participated. Participants were presented with a scenario followed by exposure to the three drug product information sources used to operationalize information load. The three sources were: (i) current practice; (ii) pre-existing one-page text only; and (iii) interventional one-page prototype PILs designed for the study. Information anxiety was measured as anxiety experienced by the individual when encountering information. The outcome variable of intention to read PILs was defined as the likelihood that the patient will read the information provided in the leaflets. A survey questionnaire was used to capture the data and the objectives were analyzed by performing a repeated measures MANOVA using SAS version 9.3. When compared to current practice and one-page text only leaflets, one-page PILs had significantly lower scores on information anxiety (p < 0.001) and information load (p < 0.001). The intention to read was highest and significantly different (p < 0.001) for PILs as compared to current practice or text only leaflets. Information anxiety and information load significantly impacted intention to read (p < 0.001). Newly developed PILs increased patient’s intention to read and can help in improving the counseling services provided by pharmacists.
Collapse
|
13
|
Patel HK, Bapat SS, Bhansali AH, Sansgiry SS. Development of Prescription Drug Information Leaflets: Impact of Cognitive Effort and Patient Involvement on Prescription Medication Information Processing. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2017; 52:118-129. [PMID: 29714618 DOI: 10.1177/2168479017716714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a one-page (1-page) prescription drug information leaflet (PILs) and assess their impact on the information processing variables, across 2 levels of patient involvement. METHODS One-page PILs were developed using cognitive principles to lower mental effort and improve comprehension. An experimental, 3 × 2 repeated measures study was conducted to determine the impact of cognitive effort, manipulated using leaflet type on comprehension across 2 levels (high/low) of patient involvement. Adults (≥18 years) in a university setting in Houston were recruited for the study. Each participant was exposed to 3 different types of prescription drug information leaflet (the current practice, preexisting 1-page text-only, and 1-page PILs) for the 3 drugs (Celebrex, Ventolin HFA, Prezista) for a given involvement scenario. A prevalidated survey instrument was used to measure product knowledge, attitude toward leaflet, and intention to read. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant positive effect of cognitive effort, involvement, and their interaction effect across all measured variables. Mean scores for product knowledge, attitude toward leaflet, and intention to read were highest for PILs ( P < .001), indicating that PILs exerted lowest cognitive effort. Univariate and post hoc analysis indicate that product knowledge significantly increases with high involvement. CONCLUSION Patients reading PILs have higher comprehension compared with the current practice and text-only prototype leaflets evaluated. Higher levels of involvement further improve participant knowledge about the drug, increase their intention to read the leaflet, and change their attitude toward the leaflet. Implementation of PILs would improve information processing for consumers by reducing their cognitive effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shweta S Bapat
- 2 College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Blalock SJ. Medication Risk Communication in Rheumatology: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2017; 19:7. [PMID: 28164248 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-017-0631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews findings from recent research examining issues related to the risk communication process within the context of rheumatologic conditions. Five specific questions are addressed. First, to what extent do patients with rheumatic disorders exhibit adequate knowledge relevant to disease and medication risks and risk management? Second, what sources do patients use when attempting to find information about disease and medication risks and risk management? Third, what types of information about disease and medication risks and risk management do rheumatologists provide during routine office visits. Fourth, what governmental regulations attempt to increase consumer access to information about medication risks and risk management? Finally, what other educational resources are available to facilitate patient-provider communication concerning disease and medication risks and risk management? The findings reported identify gaps in patient knowledge concerning medication risks and risk management, highlight areas for improvement, and identify resources that may enhance medication risk communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Blalock
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7573, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sullivan HW, O'Donoghue AC, Rupert DJ, Willoughby JF, Aikin KJ. Placement and Format of Risk Information on Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Websites. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 22:171-181. [PMID: 28129069 PMCID: PMC7309341 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1258745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether the location and format of risk information on branded prescription drug websites influence consumers' knowledge and perceptions of the drug's risks. Participants (Internet panelists with high cholesterol [n = 2,609] or seasonal allergies [n = 2,637]) were randomly assigned to view a website promoting a fictitious prescription drug for their condition. The website presented risk information at the bottom of the homepage, or at the bottom of the homepage with a signal above indicating that the risk information was located below, or on a linked secondary page. We also varied the format of risk information (paragraph, checklist, bulleted list, highlighted box). Participants then answered questions on risk recall and perceptions. Participants recalled fewer drug risks when the risks were placed on a secondary page. The signal had little effect, and risk information format did not affect outcomes. The location of risk information on prescription drug websites can affect consumer knowledge of drug risks; however, signals and special formatting may not be necessary for websites to adequately inform consumers about drug risks. We recommend that prescription drug websites maintain risk information on their homepages to achieve "fair balance" as required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen W Sullivan
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA
| | - Amie C O'Donoghue
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA
| | - Douglas J Rupert
- b RTI International , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
| | | | - Kathryn J Aikin
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smieliauskas F. Capsule Commentary on Wolf et al., A Patient-Centered Prescription Drug Label to Promote Appropriate Medication Use and Adherence. J Gen Intern Med 2016; 31:1507. [PMID: 27599487 PMCID: PMC5130959 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Shiyanbola OO, Smith PD, Mansukhani SG, Huang YM. Refining Prescription Warning Labels Using Patient Feedback: A Qualitative Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156881. [PMID: 27258026 PMCID: PMC4892508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of written medication information hinders patients' understanding and leads to patient misuse of prescribed medications. Incorporating patient feedback in designing prescription warning labels (PWLs) is crucial in enhancing patient comprehension of medication warning instructions. This qualitative study explored patient feedback on five newly designed PWLs. In-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 patients, who were 18 years and older, spoke English, and took a prescription medication. These patients were shown different variations of the five most commonly used PWLs-Take with Food, Do not Drink Alcohol, Take with a Full glass of Water, Do not Chew or Break, and Protect from Sunlight. The 60-minute interviews explored feedback on patient comprehension of the PWL instructions and their suggestions for improving the clarity of the PWLs. At the end of the interview, patient self-reported socio-demographic information was collected with a 3-minute survey and a brief health literacy assessment was completed using the Newest Vital Sign. Twenty-one patients completed the interviews. Most patients were female (n = 15, 71.4%) with ages ranging from 23 to 66 years old (mean: 47.6 ± 13.3). The mean health literacy score was 2.4 on a scale of 0-6. Qualitative content analysis based on the text, pictures, and placement of the PWLs on the pill bottle showed preferences for including 'WARNING' on the PWL to create alertness, inclusion of a picture together with the text, yellow color highlighting behind the text, and placement of the PWL on the front of the pill bottle. Although patients had positive opinions of the redesigned PWLs, patients wanted further improvements to the content and design of the PWLs for enhanced clarity and understandability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka O. Shiyanbola
- Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Smith
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Sonal Ghura Mansukhani
- Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| | - Yen-Ming Huang
- Division of Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|