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Eaton CK, McWilliams E, Yablon D, Kesim I, Ge R, Mirus K, Sconiers T, Donkoh A, Lawrence M, George C, Morrison ML, Muther E, Oates GR, Sathe M, Sawicki GS, Snell C, Riekert K. Cross-Cutting mHealth Behavior Change Techniques to Support Treatment Adherence and Self-Management of Complex Medical Conditions: Systematic Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e49024. [PMID: 38717433 PMCID: PMC11085043 DOI: 10.2196/49024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have immense potential to support disease self-management for people with complex medical conditions following treatment regimens that involve taking medicine and other self-management activities. However, there is no consensus on what discrete behavior change techniques (BCTs) should be used in an effective adherence and self-management-promoting mHealth solution for any chronic illness. Reviewing the extant literature to identify effective, cross-cutting BCTs in mHealth interventions for adherence and self-management promotion could help accelerate the development, evaluation, and dissemination of behavior change interventions with potential generalizability across complex medical conditions. Objective This study aimed to identify cross-cutting, mHealth-based BCTs to incorporate into effective mHealth adherence and self-management interventions for people with complex medical conditions, by systematically reviewing the literature across chronic medical conditions with similar adherence and self-management demands. Methods A registered systematic review was conducted to identify published evaluations of mHealth adherence and self-management interventions for chronic medical conditions with complex adherence and self-management demands. The methodological characteristics and BCTs in each study were extracted using a standard data collection form. Results A total of 122 studies were reviewed; the majority involved people with type 2 diabetes (28/122, 23%), asthma (27/122, 22%), and type 1 diabetes (19/122, 16%). mHealth interventions rated as having a positive outcome on adherence and self-management used more BCTs (mean 4.95, SD 2.56) than interventions with no impact on outcomes (mean 3.57, SD 1.95) or those that used >1 outcome measure or analytic approach (mean 3.90, SD 1.93; P=.02). The following BCTs were associated with positive outcomes: self-monitoring outcomes of behavior (39/59, 66%), feedback on outcomes of behavior (34/59, 58%), self-monitoring of behavior (34/59, 58%), feedback on behavior (29/59, 49%), credible source (24/59, 41%), and goal setting (behavior; 14/59, 24%). In adult-only samples, prompts and cues were associated with positive outcomes (34/45, 76%). In adolescent and young adult samples, information about health consequences (1/4, 25%), problem-solving (1/4, 25%), and material reward (behavior; 2/4, 50%) were associated with positive outcomes. In interventions explicitly targeting medicine taking, prompts and cues (25/33, 76%) and credible source (13/33, 39%) were associated with positive outcomes. In interventions focused on self-management and other adherence targets, instruction on how to perform the behavior (8/26, 31%), goal setting (behavior; 8/26, 31%), and action planning (5/26, 19%) were associated with positive outcomes. Conclusions To support adherence and self-management in people with complex medical conditions, mHealth tools should purposefully incorporate effective and developmentally appropriate BCTs. A cross-cutting approach to BCT selection could accelerate the development of much-needed mHealth interventions for target populations, although mHealth intervention developers should continue to consider the unique needs of the target population when designing these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyd K Eaton
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emma McWilliams
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dana Yablon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irem Kesim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Renee Ge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Karissa Mirus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Takeera Sconiers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfred Donkoh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melanie Lawrence
- Success with Therapies Research Consortium CF Community Member Advisory Board, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Mary Leigh Morrison
- Success with Therapies Research Consortium CF Community Member Advisory Board, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily Muther
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gabriela R Oates
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Meghana Sathe
- Children’s Health Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Gregory S Sawicki
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carolyn Snell
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kristin Riekert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Svendsen MT, Feldman SR, Mejldal A, Möller S, Kongstad LP, Andersen KE. Regular support provided by dermatological nurses improves outcomes in patients with psoriasis treated with topical drugs: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:2208-2221. [PMID: 35973788 PMCID: PMC10092433 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient adherence to topical antipsoriatic drugs is often poor, leading to poor efficacy. Use of long-term support delivered by dermatological nurses to patients treated with topical drugs may improve outcome. AIM To evaluate whether regular support from dermatological nurses improves outcome and treatment adherence in patients with psoriasis receiving topical medications. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT04220554), in which patients received once-daily topical medications (containing corticosteroids and/or calcipotriol) for as long as their psoriasis was visible. The patients were randomly allocated to standard care by the dermatologist either with (n = 51) or without (n = 52) support from dermatological nurses. The nurse support intervention consisted of a structured dermatological consultation at baseline and Week 1, followed by contact with a nurse each month (in the outpatient clinic or by telephone). The primary outcome was severity of psoriasis, which was measured by the Lattice System Physician's Global Assessment (LS-PGA) and assessed by intention-to-treat analyses using linear mixed regression models for longitudinal data. Secondary outcomes were quality of life (measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index; DLQI) and good adherence (defined as use of ≥ 80% of recommended doses). RESULTS In total, 92 patients (89%) completed the 48-week trial period. The intervention group improved more than the nonintervention group from baseline to Week 24 in LS-PGA (2.21 vs. 1.28, P = 0.001) and in DLQI at Week 12 (6.50 vs. 1.55, P < 0.001). Differences between the two groups in favour of the intervention were observed throughout the study period. More participants in the intervention group had good adherence compared with the nonintervention group (36% vs. 14%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Regular, continued patient support from dermatological nurses increased the efficacy of psoriasis treatment, improved quality of life and enhanced long-term adherence to topical antipsoriatic drugs. However, there is still room for more improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Tiedemann Svendsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Anna Mejldal
- Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Planck Kongstad
- Danish Centre for Health Economics (DaCHE), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Klaus E Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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