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McKinn S, Chapman N, Sharman JE, Nash R, Nelson MR, Sutton L, Yung C, Doust J, Hawkes AL, Bonner C. How do general practitioners manage patient health literacy differences in cardiovascular disease prevention consultations? An interview study. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 125:108299. [PMID: 38657560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low health literacy is associated with worse health outcomes, including for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, general practitioners (GPs) have limited support to identify and address patient health literacy needs in CVD prevention consultations. This study explored GPs' experiences of patient health literacy needs during CVD risk assessment and management consultations. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 18 GPs in Tasmania, Australia in 2021. A Framework Analysis approach was used to code transcripts to a thematic framework. RESULTS GPs perceptions on patient health literacy informed three themes: 1. Methods of estimating health literacy; 2. GPs' perceptions about the impact of health literacy on CVD prevention including risk factor knowledge and behaviours; and 3. Strategies for communicating with patients experiencing health literacy challenges. The findings show that while no formal tools were used to assess health literacy in this sample, perceived health literacy can change GPs' communication and prevention strategies. CONCLUSION The findings raise concerns about the equity of choices made available to patients, based on subjective perceptions of their health literacy level. PRACTICE IMPLICATION GPs could be better supported to assess and address patient health literacy needs in CVD prevention consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McKinn
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Niamh Chapman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - James E Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rosie Nash
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Laura Sutton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Cassia Yung
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny Doust
- Australian Women and Girls' Health Research (AWaGHR) Centre, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna L Hawkes
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carissa Bonner
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Menzies Centre for Health Policy & Economics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Bonner C, Cornell S, Pickles K, Batcup C, de Wet C, Morgan M, Greaves K, O'Connor D, Hawkes AL, Crosland P, Chapman N, Doust J. Implementing decision aids for cardiovascular disease prevention: stakeholder interviews and case studies in Australian primary care. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:49. [PMID: 38310217 PMCID: PMC10837956 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Australian cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines recommend absolute CVD risk assessment, but less than half of eligible patients have the required risk factors recorded due to fragmented implementation over the last decade. Co-designed decision aids for general practitioners (GPs) and consumers have been developed that improve knowledge barriers to guideline-recommended CVD risk assessment and management. This study used a stakeholder consultation process to identify and pilot test the feasibility of implementation strategies for these decision aids in Australian primary care. METHODS This mixed methods study included: (1) stakeholder consultation to map existing implementation strategies (2018-20); (2) interviews with 29 Primary Health Network (PHN) staff from all Australian states and territories to identify new implementation opportunities (2021); (3) pilot testing the feasibility of low, medium, and high resource implementation strategies (2019-21). Framework Analysis was used for qualitative data and Google analytics provided decision support usage data over time. RESULTS Informal stakeholder discussions indicated a need to partner with existing programs delivered by the Heart Foundation and PHNs. PHN interviews identified the importance of linking decision aids with GP education resources, quality improvement activities, and consumer-focused prevention programs. Participants highlighted the importance of integration with general practice processes, such as business models, workflows, medical records and clinical audit software. Specific implementation strategies were identified as feasible to pilot during COVID-19: (1) low resource: adding website links to local health area guidelines for clinicians and a Heart Foundation toolkit for primary care providers; (2) medium resource: presenting at GP education conferences and integrating the resources into audit and feedback reports; (3) high resource: auto-populate the risk assessment and decision aids from patient records via clinical audit software. CONCLUSIONS This research identified a wide range of feasible strategies to implement decision aids for CVD risk assessment and management. The findings will inform the translation of new CVD guidelines in primary care. Future research will use economic evaluation to explore the added value of higher versus lower resource implementation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Bonner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, A27, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Samuel Cornell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, A27, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen Pickles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, A27, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Carys Batcup
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, A27, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Carl de Wet
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Morgan
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia
| | - Kim Greaves
- Department of Cardiology, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise O'Connor
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash-Cabrini Department of Musculoskeletal Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna L Hawkes
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Crosland
- Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Translational Research Collective, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Niamh Chapman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building, A27, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jenny Doust
- Australian Women and Girls' Health Research (AWaGHR) Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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