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Lam M, Lu JD, Elhadad L, Sibbald C, Alhusayen R. Common Dermatologic Disorders in Down Syndrome: Systematic Review. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/33391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Down syndrome (DS) has been associated with cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune-related abnormalities. Several dermatologic conditions, including hidradenitis suppurativa, have also been found to be associated with DS.
Objective
The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence, presentation, and unique features of dermatologic disorders associated with DS.
Methods
Electronic searches of EMBASE (via Ovid), MEDLINE (via Ovid), and Web of Science databases were conducted on December 14, 2020. Observational studies including case reports of patients with DS presenting with concomitant primary dermatologic disorder were included.
Results
This systematic review captured 40 observational studies and 99 case reports, including 10 observational studies that examined the prevalence of common skin disorders in patients with DS. The most common dermatologic conditions reported includes atopic dermatitis (8 studies, n=180; 19.7% mean prevalence), hidradenitis suppurativa (15, n=478; 3.2%), ichthyosis (4, n=16; 4.7%), lichen nitidus (6, n=6; 1.1%), psoriasis (21, n=65; 4.8%), alopecia areata (27, n=253; 7.4%), vitiligo (8, n=40; 4.4%), onychomycosis (3, n=198; 24.7%), calcinosis cutis (14, n=15), connective tissue nevi (6, n=6), dermatofibroma (3, n=3), melanoma (3, n=3), syringomas (14, n=182; 21.2%), and elastosis perforans serpiginosa (19, n=24; 0.5%).
Conclusions
Our results indicate an increased prevalence of common cutaneous disorders in patients with DS, particularly infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and connective tissue conditions. Current guidelines for the screening, general management, and use of systemic immunomodulatory agents in this patient population are lacking. Patients with DS would benefit from screening for dermatologic disorders not otherwise regularly performed for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021226295; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=226295
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Pereira ACF, Baeta IGR, Costa Júnior SRD, Gontijo Júnior OM, Vale ECSD. Elastose perfurante serpiginosa em portadora da síndrome de Down. An Bras Dermatol 2010; 85:691-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962010000500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A elastose perfurante serpiginosa é dermatose perfurante primária incomum, frequentemente associada a determinadas doenças genéticas e caracterizada por eliminação transepidérmica de fibras elásticas. Relata-se um caso raro dessa dermatose em paciente feminina de 19 anos, portadora da síndrome de Down, que apresentava pápulas eritematoceratóticas em arranjo arciforme, localizadas no antebraço e joelho direitos, assintomáticas, com cinco anos de evolução. Após confirmação histopatológica, foi iniciado tratamento com crioterapia, ocorrendo remissão parcial das lesões.
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Fluctuating Hemiparesis Secondary to Moyamoya Phenomenon in a Child with Down Syndrome: a case report. CASES JOURNAL 2008; 1:240. [PMID: 18922177 PMCID: PMC2572603 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1626-1-240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Moyamoya phenomenon is a term used to describe extensive collateralization of the circle of Willis arteries associated with severe unilateral or bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis or occlusion in the presence of certain conditions. Down syndrome is among these conditions. A case is reported of a young girl with Down syndrome who presented with fluctuating right-sided weakness and facial droop found to have cerebral ischemia. Subsequent investigations disclosed characteristic "puff of smoke" patterns on angiographic studies consistent with moyamoya phenomenon. The patient was initially treated with aspirin and eventually underwent an encephalomyosynangiosis. This young patient with Down syndrome and moyamoya phenomenon serves as a reminder of the association between these two conditions.
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