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Koerner R, Bendixen MM, Monk A, Lamberti MF, Lorca GL, Neu J, Parker LA. A Scoping Review of the Oral Microbiome in Preterm Infants. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e2990-e3002. [PMID: 37907200 PMCID: PMC11058105 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the oral microbiome composition in preterm infants, sampling and collection methods, as well as exposures associated with oral microbiome composition and health implications. We conducted a scoping review of the literature using the Arskey and O'Malley framework. We identified a total of 13 articles which met our inclusion criteria and purpose of this scoping review. Articles included in this review compared the oral microbiome in preterm infants to term infants, examined alterations to the oral microbiome over time, compared the oral microbiome to different body site microbiomes, and explored associations with clinically relevant covariates and outcomes. Exposures associated with the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome in preterm infants included delivery mode, oral feeding, oropharyngeal care, skin-to-skin care, and antibiotics. Day of life and birth weight were also associated with oral microbiome composition. The oral microbiome may be associated with the composition of the tracheal and gut microbiomes, likely due to their proximity. Alpha and beta diversity findings varied across studies as well as the relative abundance of taxa. This is likely due to the different sampling techniques and timing of collection, as well as the wide range of infant clinical characteristics. Multiple factors may influence the composition of the oral microbiome in preterm infants. However, given the heterogeneity of sampling techniques and results within this review, the evidence is not conclusive on the development as well as short- and long-term implications of the oral microbiome in preterm infants and needs to be explored in future research studies. KEY POINTS: · Day of life is a critical factor in oral microbiome development in preterm infants.. · The oral microbiome may be associated with tracheal and gut microbiome colonization.. · Future research should examine sampling methodology for examining the oral microbiome.. · Future research should explore associations with the oral microbiome and adverse health outcomes..
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Koerner
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marion M. Bendixen
- Department of Family, Community and Health System Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Angela Monk
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Monica F.T. Lamberti
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida, Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Graciela L. Lorca
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science University of Florida, Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leslie A. Parker
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Vanzele PAR, Sparvoli LG, de Camargo PP, Tragante CR, Beozzo GPNS, Krebs VLJ, Cortez RV, Taddei CR. Establishment of oral microbiome in very low birth weight infants during the first weeks of life and the impact of oral diet implementation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295962. [PMID: 38100452 PMCID: PMC10723731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, mostly preterm, have many barriers to feeding directly from the mother's breast, and need to be fed alternatively. Feeding is a major influencer in oral microbial colonization, and this colonization in early life is crucial for the promotion of human health. Therefore, this research aimed to observe the establishment of oral microbiome in VLBW infants during their first month of life through hospitalization, and to verify the impact caused by the implementation of oral diet on the colonization of these newborns. We included 23 newborns followed during hospitalization and analyzed saliva samples collected weekly, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed a significant decrease in richness and diversity and an increase in dominance over time (q-value < 0.05). The oral microbiome is highly dynamic during the first weeks of life, and beta diversity suggests a microbial succession in early life. The introduction of oral diet does not change the community structure, but affects the abundance, especially of Streptococcus. Our results indicate that although time is related to significant changes in the oral microbial profile, oral feeding benefits genera that will remain colonizers throughout the host's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. R. Vanzele
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Sparvoli
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. de Camargo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Center, Children’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Tragante
- Neonatal Intensive Care Center, Children’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Glenda P. N. S. Beozzo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Center, Children’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera L. J. Krebs
- Neonatal Intensive Care Center, Children’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramon V. Cortez
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanity, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital ‐ University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Selway CA, Collins CT, Makrides M, Sullivan TR, Weyrich LS. Variable preterm oral microbiome stabilizes and reflects a full-term infant profile within three months. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02517-1. [PMID: 36859444 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants suffer higher morbidity and mortality rates compared to full-term infants, but little is known about how changes to oral and respiratory tract microbiota may impact disease development. METHODS Here, very preterm neonates (n = 50) were selected to study oral and respiratory microbiota development during the first few months post-birth, where 26 individuals were diagnosed with BPD and/or sepsis. These infants were compared to 14 healthy full-term infants and 16 adults. Microbiota diversity, composition, and species abundances were calculated from 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences in buccal swabs and tracheal aspirates at two time points (within a week and 1-3 months post-birth). RESULTS Collection time point was the biggest factor to significantly influence the preterm oral microbial diversity and composition. In addition, BPD and sepsis were linked to distinct preterm oral microbiota diversity and composition, and opportunistic pathogens previously associated with these diseases were identified in the initial sample for both healthy preterm neonates and those with the disease. Compared to the full-term infant and adult dataset, preterm infant diversity and composition was initially significantly different, but resembled full-term infant diversity and composition over time. CONCLUSION Overall, consequences of microbiota development need further examination in preterm infant infections and later development. IMPACT Non-gut microbiota research on preterm infants is limited. At one week post-birth, preterm infants harbor distinct oral microbiota that are not shared with full-term children or adults, eventually becoming similar to full-term infants at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. DNA from potential opportunistic pathogens was observed in the mouth and lungs of preterm infants within a week of birth, and microbes associated with BPD were identified in the lungs. Oral microbiota in preterm infants over the first 2-3 months is unique and may be connected to short- and long-term health outcomes in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Selway
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Carmel T Collins
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thomas R Sullivan
- SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Wu TT, Xiao J, Manning S, Saraithong P, Pattanaporn K, Paster BJ, Chen T, Vasani S, Gilbert C, Zeng Y, Li Y. Multimodal Data Integration Reveals Mode of Delivery and Snack Consumption Outrank Salivary Microbiome in Association With Caries Outcome in Thai Children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:881899. [PMID: 35677657 PMCID: PMC9168266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.881899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is not only the most common chronic childhood disease but also disproportionately affects underserved populations. Of those, children living in Thailand have been found to have high rates of ECC and severe ECC. Frequently, the cause of ECC is blamed on a handful of cariogenic organisms, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. However, ECC is a multifactorial disease that results from an ecological shift in the oral cavity from a neutral pH (~7.5) to an acidic pH (<5.5) environment influenced by the host individual’s biological, socio-behavioral, and lifestyle factors. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of how risk factors at various levels influence the oral health of children at risk. We applied a statistical machine learning approach for multimodal data integration (parallel and hierarchical) to identify caries-related multiplatform factors in a large cohort of mother-child dyads living in Chiang Mai, Thailand (N=177). Whole saliva (1 mL) was collected from each individual for DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing. A set of maternal and early childhood factors were included in the data analysis. Significantly, vaginal delivery, preterm birth, and frequent sugary snacking were found to increase the risk for ECC. The salivary microbial diversity was significantly different in children with ECC or without ECC. Results of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis of the microbial community demonstrated that S. mutans, Prevotella histicola, and Leptotrichia hongkongensis were significantly enriched in ECC children. Whereas Fusobacterium periodonticum was less abundant among caries-free children, suggesting its potential to be a candidate biomarker for good oral health. Based on the multimodal data integration and statistical machine learning models, the study revealed that the mode of delivery and snack consumption outrank salivary microbiome in predicting ECC in Thai children. The biological and behavioral factors may play significant roles in the microbial pathobiology of ECC and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yihong Li, ; Jin Xiao,
| | - Samantha Manning
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical School University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shruti Vasani
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Christie Gilbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yan Zeng
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University Master of Public Health Program, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Yihong Li, ; Jin Xiao,
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Zubeidat K, Hovav AH. Shaped by the epithelium - postnatal immune mechanisms of oral homeostasis. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:622-634. [PMID: 34083119 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The first encounter of mucosal barriers with the microbiota initiates host-microbiota feedback loops instructing the tailored development of both the immune system and microbiota at each mucosal site. Once established, balanced immunological interactions enable symbiotic relationships with the microbiota in adult life. This process has been extensively investigated in the mammalian monolayer epithelium-covered intestine and lung mucosae; however, the postnatal mechanisms engaged by the oral mucosa to establish homeostasis are currently being discovered. Here, we discuss the early life dialogue between the oral mucosa and the microbiota, with particular emphasis on the central role the multilayer epithelium plays to protect the oral mucosa. These intricate and unique postnatal immunological processes shape oral homeostasis, which can potentially affect buccal and systemic health in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Zubeidat
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi-Hai Hovav
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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