1
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High Level Expression and Purification of Cecropin-like Antimicrobial Peptides in Escherichia coli. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061351. [PMID: 35740373 PMCID: PMC9220022 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cecropins are a family of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are widely found in the innate immune system of Cecropia moths. Cecropins exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The structures of Cecropins are composed of 34–39 amino acids with an N-terminal amphipathic α-helix, an AGP hinge and a hydrophobic C-terminal α-helix. KR12AGPWR6 was designed based on the Cecropin-like structural feature. In addition to its antimicrobial activities, KR12AGPWR6 also possesses enhanced salt resistance, antiendotoxin and anticancer properties. Herein, we have developed a strategy to produce recombinant KR12AGPWR6 through a salt-sensitive, pH and temperature dependent intein self-cleavage system. The His6-Intein-KR12AGPWR6 was expressed by E. coli and KR12AGPWR6 was released by the self-cleavage of intein under optimized ionic strength, pH and temperature conditions. The molecular weight and structural feature of the recombinant KR12AGPWR6 was determined by MALDI-TOF mass, CD, and NMR spectroscopy. The recombinant KR12AGPWR6 exhibited similar antimicrobial activities compared to the chemically synthesized KR12AGPWR6. Our results provide a potential strategy to obtain large quantities of AMPs and this method is feasible and easy to scale up for commercial production.
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2
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Hayes HC, Luk LYP, Tsai YH. Approaches for peptide and protein cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3983-4001. [PMID: 33978044 PMCID: PMC8114279 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclisation of polypeptides can play a crucial role in exerting biological functions, maintaining stability under harsh conditions and conferring proteolytic resistance, as demonstrated both in nature and in the laboratory. To date, various approaches have been reported for polypeptide cyclisation. These approaches range from the direct linkage of N- and C- termini to the connection of amino acid side chains, which can be applied both in reaction vessels and in living systems. In this review, we categorise the cyclisation approaches into chemical methods (e.g. direct backbone cyclisation, native chemical ligation, aldehyde-based ligations, bioorthogonal reactions, disulphide formation), enzymatic methods (e.g. subtiligase variants, sortases, asparaginyl endopeptidases, transglutaminases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases) and protein tags (e.g. inteins, engineered protein domains for isopeptide bond formation). The features of each approach and the considerations for selecting an appropriate method of cyclisation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Hayes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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3
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Saikia C, Ben-Nissan G, Reuveny E, Karbat I. Production of recombinant venom peptides as tools for ion channel research. Methods Enzymol 2021; 654:169-201. [PMID: 34120712 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal venom is a rich source for peptide toxins that bind and modulate the function of ion channels. Owing to their ability to bind receptor sites on the channel protein with high affinity and specificity, peptide neurotoxins have become an indispensable tool for ion channel research. Recent breakthroughs in structural biology and advances in computer simulations of biomolecules have sparked a new interest in animal toxins as probes of channel protein structure and function. Here, we focus on methods used to produce animal toxins for research purposes using recombinant expression. The specific challenges associated with heterologous production of venom peptides are discussed, and several methods targeting these issues are presented with an emphasis on E. coli based systems. An efficient protocol for the bacterial expression, folding, and purification of recombinant venom peptides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandamita Saikia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gili Ben-Nissan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eitan Reuveny
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Izhar Karbat
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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4
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Sannikova EP, Klebanov FA, Cheperegin SE, Kozlov DG. Properties and Biotechnological Application of Mutant Derivatives of the Mini-Intein PRP8 from Penicillium chrysogenum with Improved Control of C-Terminal Processing. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Functional Expression and One-Step Protein Purification of Manganese Peroxidase 1 (rMnP1) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium Using the E. coli-Expression System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020416. [PMID: 31936493 PMCID: PMC7013543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese peroxidases (MnP) from the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyse the oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+, a strong oxidizer able to oxidize a wide variety of organic compounds. Different approaches have been used to unravel the enzymatic properties and potential applications of MnP. However, these efforts have been hampered by the limited production of native MnP by fungi. Heterologous expression of MnP has been achieved in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems, although with limited production and many disadvantages in the process. Here we described a novel molecular approach for the expression and purification of manganese peroxidase isoform 1 (MnP1) from P. chrysosporium using an E. coli-expression system. The proposed strategy involved the codon optimization and chemical synthesis of the MnP1 gene for optimised expression in the E. coli T7 shuffle host. Recombinant MnP1 (rMnP1) was expressed as a fusion protein, which was recovered from solubilised inclusion bodies. rMnP1 was purified from the fusion protein using intein-based protein purification techniques and a one-step affinity chromatography. The designated strategy allowed production of an active enzyme able to oxidize guaiacol or Mn2+.
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6
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Peymanfar SH, Roghanian R, Ghaedi K, Zarkesh-Esfahani SH, Yari R. Characterization and In Silico Analysis of The Structural Features of G-CSF Derived from Lysates of Escherichia coli. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:426-432. [PMID: 31376324 PMCID: PMC6722442 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has a wide variety of functions including stimulation of hematopoiesis
and proliferation of granulocyte progenitor cells. Recombinant human G-CSF (rh-G-CSF) is used for treatment of neutropenia
in patients receiving chemotherapy. The mature bloodstream neutrophils express G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR), presenting
a significant and specific mechanism for circulating G-CSF clearance. Computational studies are essential bioinformatics
methods used for characterization of proteins with regard to their physicochemical properties and 3D configuration, as well
as protein–ligand interactions for recombinant drugs. We formerly produced rh-G-CSF in E. coli and showed that the isolated
protein had unacceptable biological activity in mice. In the present paper, we aimed to characterize the purified rh-G-CSF by
analytical tests and developed an in vivo model by computational modelling of G-CSF.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we analyzed the purified G-CSF using the analytical experiments.
Then, the crystalline structure was extracted from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was
performed using Gromacs 5.1 package under an Amber force field. The importance of amino acid contents of G-CSF, to bind
the respective receptor was also detected; moreover, the effect of dithiothreitol (DTT) used in G-CSF purification was studied.
Results The results revealed that characteristics of the produced recombinant G-CSF were comparable with those of
the standard G-CSF and the recombinant G-CSF with the residual amino acid was stable. Also, purification conditions
(DTT and existence of extra cysteine) had a significant effect on the stability and functionality of the produced G-CSF.
Conclusion Experimental and in silico analyses provided good information regarding the function and characteristics of our
recombinant G-CSF which could be useful for industrial researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harareh Peymanfar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Roghanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Yari
- Department of Biology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
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7
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Leyva-Carrillo L, Hernandez-Palomares M, Valenzuela-Soto EM, Figueroa-Soto CG, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Purification and partial biochemical characterization of recombinant lactate dehydrogenase 1 (LDH-1) of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 164:105461. [PMID: 31351993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme to produce energy during hypoxia by anaerobic glycolysis. In the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, two protein subunits (LDH-1 and LDH-2) were previously identified, deduced from two different transcripts that come from the same LDH gene by processing via mutually exclusive alternative splicing. LDH-1 contains exon five and LDH-2 contains exon six and the two proteins differ only in 15 amino acid residues. Both subunits were independently cloned and overexpressed in E. coli as a fusion protein containing a chitin binding domain. Previously, recombinant LDH-2 was successfully purified and characterized, but LDH-1 was insoluble and aggregated forming inclusion bodies. We report the production of soluble LDH-1 by testing different pHs in the buffers used to lyse the bacterial cells before the purification step and the characterization of the purified protein to show that the cDNA indeed codes for a functional and active protein. The recombinant native protein is a homotetramer of approximately 140 kDa composed by 36 kDa subunits and has higher affinity for pyruvate than for lactate. LDH-1 has an optimum pH of 7.5 and is stable between pH 8.0 and 9.0; pH data analysis showed two pKa values of 6.1 ± 0.15 and 8.8 ± 0.15 suggesting a histidine and asparagine, respectively, involved in the active site. The enzyme optimal temperature was 44 °C and it was stable between 20 and 60 °C. LDH-1 was slightly activated by NaCl, KCl and MgCl2 and fully inhibited by ZnCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Leyva-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Magally Hernandez-Palomares
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83304, Mexico.
| | - Ciria G Figueroa-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83304, Mexico.
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8
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Ji Y, Lu Y, Yan Y, Liu X, Su N, Zhang C, Bi S, Xing XH. Design of Fusion Proteins for Efficient and Soluble Production of Immunogenic Ebola Virus Glycoprotein in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700627. [PMID: 29500882 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus is an extremely dangerous disease, and effective therapeutic agents are still lacking. Platforms for the efficient production of vaccines are crucial to ensure quick response against an Ebola virus outbreak. Ebola virus glycoprotein (EbolaGP) on the virion surface is responsible for membrane binding and virus entry, thus becoming the key target for vaccine development. However, heterologous expression of this protein still faces engineering challenges such as low production levels and insoluble aggregation. Here, the authors design and compare various fusion strategies, attaching great importance to the solubility-enhancing effect, and tag removal process. It is found that a C-terminal intein-based tag greatly enhances the solubility of EbolaGP and allows one-step chromatographic purification of the untagged EbolaGP through thiol-catalyzed self-cleavage. The purified untagged EbolaGP alone or with Freund's adjuvant are highly immunogenic, as confirmed in a mouse model. Consequently, the present study puts forward a new strategy for the efficient and soluble expression of untagged immunogenic EbolaGP. The intein-based protein fusion approach may be of importance for the large-scale production of Ebola virus subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yishu Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Bio-Cell Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Nan Su
- Bio-Cell Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Bi
- Institute of Virology Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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9
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Han T, Ming H, Deng L, Zhu H, Liu Z, Zhang J, Song Y. A novel expression vector for the improved solubility of recombinant scorpion venom in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:120-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Marshall CJ, Grosskopf VA, Moehling TJ, Tillotson BJ, Wiepz GJ, Abbott NL, Raines RT, Shusta EV. An evolved Mxe GyrA intein for enhanced production of fusion proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:527-38. [PMID: 25384269 PMCID: PMC4340354 DOI: 10.1021/cb500689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Expressing antibodies as fusions to the non-self-cleaving Mxe GyrA intein enables site-specific, carboxy-terminal chemical modification of the antibodies by expressed protein ligation (EPL). Bacterial antibody-intein fusion protein expression platforms typically yield insoluble inclusion bodies that require refolding to obtain active antibody-intein fusion proteins. Previously, we demonstrated that it was possible to employ yeast surface display to express properly folded single-chain antibody (scFv)-intein fusions, therefore permitting the direct small-scale chemical functionalization of scFvs. Here, directed evolution of the Mxe GyrA intein was performed to improve both the display and secretion levels of scFv-intein fusion proteins from yeast. The engineered intein was shown to increase the yeast display levels of eight different scFvs by up to 3-fold. Additionally, scFv- and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-intein fusion proteins can be secreted from yeast, and while fusion of the scFvs to the wild-type intein resulted in low expression levels, the engineered intein increased scFv-intein production levels by up to 30-fold. The secreted scFv- and GFP-intein fusion proteins retained their respective binding and fluorescent activities, and upon intein release, EPL resulted in carboxy-terminal azide functionalization of the target proteins. The azide-functionalized scFvs and GFP were subsequently employed in a copper-free, strain-promoted click reaction to site-specifically immobilize the proteins on surfaces, and it was demonstrated that the functionalized, immobilized scFvs retained their antigen binding specificity. Taken together, the evolved yeast intein platform provides a robust alternative to bacterial intein expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J. Marshall
- Dept.
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Vanessa A. Grosskopf
- Dept.
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Taylor J. Moehling
- Dept.
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Tillotson
- Dept.
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gregory J. Wiepz
- Dept.
of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 420
Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Dept.
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Dept.
of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Dept.
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Eric V. Shusta
- Dept.
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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11
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Shi C, Tarimala A, Meng Q, Wood DW. A general purification platform for toxic proteins based on intein trans-splicing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9425-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Kornberger P, Skerra A. Sortase-catalyzed in vitro functionalization of a HER2-specific recombinant Fab for tumor targeting of the plant cytotoxin gelonin. MAbs 2013; 6:354-66. [PMID: 24492291 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the preparation of a new type of immunotoxin via in vitro ligation of the αHer2 antigen binding fragment (Fab) of the clinically-validated antibody trastuzumab to the plant toxin gelonin, employing catalysis by the bacterial enzyme sortase A (SrtA). The αHer2 Fab was fused with the extended SrtA recognition motif LPET↓GLEH 6 at the C-terminus of its heavy chain, thereby preventing interference with antigen binding, while the toxin was equipped with a Gly 2 sequence at its N-terminus, distant to the catalytically active site in the C-terminal region. Site-specific in vitro transpeptidation led to a novel antibody-toxin conjugate wherein gelonin had effectively replaced the Fc region of a conventional (monomerized) immunoglobulin. After optimization of reaction conditions and incubation time, the resulting Fab-Gelonin ligation product was purified to homogeneity in a two-step procedure by means of Strep-Tactin affinity chromatography--utilizing the Strep-tag II appended to gelonin--and size exclusion chromatography. Binding activity of the immunotoxin for the Her2 ectodomain was indistinguishable from the unligated Fab as measured by real-time surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Specific cytotoxic potency of Fab-Gelonin was demonstrated against two Her2-positive cell lines, resulting in EC 50 values of ~1 nM or lower, indicating a 1000-fold enhanced cell-killing activity compared with gelonin itself. Thus, our strategy provides a convenient route to the modular construction of functional immunotoxins from Fabs of established tumor-specific antibodies with gelonin or related proteotoxins, also avoiding the elevated biosafety levels that would be mandatory for the direct biotechnological preparation of corresponding fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kornberger
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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13
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Marshall CJ, Agarwal N, Kalia J, Grosskopf VA, McGrath NA, Abbott NL, Raines RT, Shusta EV. Facile chemical functionalization of proteins through intein-linked yeast display. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1634-44. [PMID: 23924245 DOI: 10.1021/bc4002618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intein-mediated expressed protein ligation (EPL) permits the site-specific chemical customization of proteins. While traditional techniques have used purified, soluble proteins, we have extended these methods to release and modify intein fusion proteins expressed on the yeast surface, thereby eliminating the need for soluble protein expression and purification. To this end, we sought to simultaneously release yeast surface-displayed proteins and selectively conjugate with chemical functionalities compatible with EPL and click chemistry. Single-chain antibodies (scFv) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were displayed on the yeast surface as fusions to the N-terminus of the Mxe GyrA intein. ScFv and GFP were released from the yeast surface with either a sulfur nucleophile (MESNA) or a nitrogen nucleophile (hydrazine) linked to an azido group. The hydrazine azide permitted the simultaneous release and azido functionalization of displayed proteins, but nonspecific reactions with other yeast proteins were detected, and cleavage efficiency was limited. In contrast, MESNA released significantly more protein from the yeast surface while also generating a unique thioester at the carboxy-terminus of the released protein. These protein thioesters were subsequently reacted with a cysteine alkyne in an EPL reaction and then employed in an azide-alkyne cycloaddition to immobilize the scFv and GFP on an azide-decorated surface with >90% site-specificity. Importantly, the immobilized proteins retained their activity. Since yeast surface display is also a protein engineering platform, these approaches provide a particularly powerful tool for the rapid assessment of engineered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J Marshall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Minamihata K, Goto M, Kamiya N. Control of a Tyrosyl Radical Mediated Protein Cross-Linking Reaction by Electrostatic Interaction. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1600-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300137s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minamihata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
and §Center for Future Chemistry,Kyushu University
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
and §Center for Future Chemistry,Kyushu University
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
and §Center for Future Chemistry,Kyushu University
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15
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Minamihata K, Goto M, Kamiya N. Protein heteroconjugation by the peroxidase-catalyzed tyrosine coupling reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2332-8. [PMID: 21999311 DOI: 10.1021/bc200420v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Combining different proteins can integrate the functions of each protein to produce novel protein conjugates with wider ranges of applications. We have previously introduced a peptide containing tyrosine residues (Y-tag) at the C-terminus of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (BAP). The tyrosine residues in the Y-tag were efficiently recognized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and were site-specifically cross-linked with each other to yield BAP homoconjugates. In this study, the HRP-catalyzed tyrosine coupling reaction was used for protein heteroconjugation. Streptavidin (SA) was selected as the conjugation partner for BAP. The Y-tag (GGGGY) was genetically introduced to the C-terminus of SA. Prior to heteroconjugation, the reactivity of the Y-tagged SA was examined. The Y-tagged SA cross-linked to form an SA homoconjugate upon HRP treatment, whereas wild-type SA remained essentially intact. In the heteroconjugation reaction of BAP and SA, the Y-tagged BAP and SA were efficiently cross-linked with each other upon HRP treatment. The functions of the BAP-SA conjugates were evaluated by measuring the BAP enzymatic activity on a biotin-coated plate. The BAP-SA conjugate tethered to the plate showed BAP enzymatic activity, indicating that both BAP and SA retained their functions following heteroconjugation. The BAP-SA conjugate prepared from both Y-tagged BAP and SA showed the highest enzymatic activity on the biotin-coated plates. This result illustrates the advantage of the protein conjugation reaction in which multiple numbers of proteins can be conjugated at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan
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16
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Piazza M, Duangkham Y, Spratt DE, Dieckmann T, Guillemette JG. Expression and purification of an isotopically labeled aggregation prone inducible nitric oxide synthase calmodulin-binding protein for use in nuclear magnetic resonance studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Piazza
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo; Ontario; N2L 3G1; Canada
| | - Yay Duangkham
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo; Ontario; N2L 3G1; Canada
| | - Donald E. Spratt
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo; Ontario; N2L 3G1; Canada
| | - Thorsten Dieckmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo; Ontario; N2L 3G1; Canada
| | - J. Guy Guillemette
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo; Ontario; N2L 3G1; Canada
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Tian L, Sun SSM. A cost-effective ELP-intein coupling system for recombinant protein purification from plant production platform. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24183. [PMID: 21918684 PMCID: PMC3168869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant bioreactor offers an efficient and economical system for large-scale production of recombinant proteins. However, high cost and difficulty in scaling-up of downstream purification of the target protein, particularly the common involvement of affinity chromatography and protease in the purification process, has hampered its industrial scale application, therefore a cost-effective and easily scale-up purification method is highly desirable for further development of plant bioreactor. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To tackle this problem, we investigated the ELP-intein coupling system for purification of recombinant proteins expressed in transgenic plants using a plant lectin (PAL) with anti-tumor bioactivity as example target protein and rice seeds as production platform. Results showed that ELP-intein-PAL (EiP) fusion protein formed novel irregular ER-derived protein bodies in endosperm cells by retention of endogenous prolamins. The fusion protein was partially self-cleaved in vivo, but only self-cleaved PAL protein was detected in total seed protein sample and deposited in protein storage vacuoles (PSV). The in vivo uncleaved EiP protein was accumulated up to 2-4.2% of the total seed protein. The target PAL protein could be purified by the ELP-intein system efficiently without using complicated instruments and expensive chemicals, and the yield of pure PAL protein by the current method was up to 1.1 mg/g total seed protein. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE This study successfully demonstrated the purification of an example recombinant protein from rice seeds by the ELP-intein system. The whole purification procedure can be easily scaled up for industrial production, providing the first evidence on applying the ELP-intein coupling system to achieve cost-effective purification of recombinant proteins expressed in plant bioreactors and its possible application in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel S. M. Sun
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Self-cleaving fusion tags for recombinant protein production. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:869-81. [PMID: 21267760 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fusion expression is a common practice for recombinant protein production. Some fusion tags confer solubility on the target protein whereas others provide affinity handles that facilitate purification. However, the tag usually needs to be removed from the final product, which involves using expensive proteases or hazardous chemicals and requires additional chromatography steps. Self-cleaving tags are a special group of fusion tags that possess inducible proteolytic activity. Combined with appropriate affinity tags, they enable fusion purification, cleavage and target separation to be achieved in a single step, which saves time, labor and cost. This paper reviews currently available self-cleaving fusion tags for recombinant protein production. For each system, an introduction of its key characteristics and a brief discussion of its advantages and disadvantages is given.
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Piontek C, Ring P, Harjes O, Heinlein C, Mezzato S, Lombana N, Pöhner C, Püttner M, Varón Silva D, Martin A, Schmid F, Unverzagt C. Semisynthesis of a Homogeneous Glycoprotein Enzyme: Ribonuclease C: Part 1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1936-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Piontek C, Ring P, Harjes O, Heinlein C, Mezzato S, Lombana N, Pöhner C, Püttner M, Varón Silva D, Martin A, Schmid F, Unverzagt C. Semisynthese eines homogenen Glycoprotein-Enzyms: Ribonuclease C (Teil 1). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200804734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Singh PK, Gupta MN. Simultaneous refolding and purification of a recombinant lipase with an intein tag by affinity precipitation with chitosan. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1825-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Purification of green fluorescent protein using a two-intein system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 77:1175-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Takahashi H, Arai M, Takenawa T, Sota H, Xie QH, Iwakura M. Stabilization of Hyperactive Dihydrofolate Reductase by Cyanocysteine-mediated Backbone Cyclization. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:9420-9429. [PMID: 17264073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610983200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stabilization of an enzyme while maintaining its activity has been a major challenge in protein chemistry. Although it is difficult to simultaneously improve stability and activity of a protein by amino acid substitutions due to the activity-stability trade-off, backbone cyclization by connecting the N and C termini with a linker is promising as a general method of stabilizing a protein without affecting its activity. Recently, we created a hyperactive, methionine- and cysteine-free mutant of dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli, called ANLYF, by introducing seven amino acid substitutions, which, however, destabilized the protein. Here we show that ANLYF is stabilized without a loss of its high activity by a novel backbone cyclization method for unprotected proteins. The method is based on the in vitro cyanocysteine-mediated intramolecular ligation reaction, which can be conducted with relatively high efficiency by a simple procedure and under mild conditions. We also show that the reversibility of thermal denaturation is highly improved by the cyclization. Thus, activity and stability of the protein can be separately improved by amino acid substitutions and backbone cyclization, respectively. We suggest that the cyanocysteine-mediated cyclization method is complementary to the intein-mediated cyclization method in stabilizing a protein without affecting its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Takahashi
- Protein Design Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Munehito Arai
- Protein Design Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Takenawa
- Protein Design Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sota
- Protein Design Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Qui Hong Xie
- Protein Design Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwakura
- Protein Design Research Group, Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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Luo MJ, Yang XY, Liu WX, Xu Y, Huang P, Yan F, Chen F. Expression, purification and anti-tumor activity of curcin. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2006; 38:663-8. [PMID: 16953306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcin, purified from the seeds of Jatropha curcas, can be used as a cell-killing agent. Understanding the anti-tumor activity of the recombinant protein of curcin is important for its application in clinical medicine. The segment encoding the mature protein of curcin was inserted into Escherichia coli strain M15, and the recombinant strain was induced to express by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside at a concentration of 0.5 mM. The recombinant protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The target protein was incubated with the tumor cells at different concentrations for different times and the results demonstrated that the target protein could inhibit the growth of tumor cells (NCL-H446, SGC-7901 and S180) at 5 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Sharma SS, Chong S, Harcum SW. Intein-mediated protein purification of fusion proteins expressed under high-cell density conditions in E. coli. J Biotechnol 2006; 125:48-56. [PMID: 16546284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The intein-mediated purification system has the potential to significantly reduce the recovery costs of industrial recombinant proteins. The ability of inteins to catalyze a controllable peptide bond cleavage reaction can be used to separate a recombinant protein from its affinity tag during affinity purification. Inteins have been combined with a chitin-binding domain to serve as a self-cleaving affinity tag, facilitating highly selective capture of the fusion protein on an inexpensive substrate--chitin (IMPACT) system, New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA). This purification system has been used successfully at a lab scale in low cell density cultures, but has not been examined comprehensively under high-cell density conditions in defined medium. In this study, the intein-mediated purification of three commercially relevant proteins expressed under high-cell density conditions in E. coli was studied. Additionally, losses during the purification process were quantified. The data indicate that the intein fusion proteins expressed under high cell density fermentations were stable in vivo after induction for a significant duration, and the intein fusion proteins could undergo thiol or pH and temperature initiated cleavage reaction in vitro. Thus, the intein-mediated protein purification system potentially could be employed for the production of recombinant proteins at the industrial-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik S Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Morassutti C, De Amicis F, Bandiera A, Marchetti S. Expression of SMAP-29 cathelicidin-like peptide in bacterial cells by intein-mediated system. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 39:160-8. [PMID: 15642466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2004] [Revised: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the intein fusion approach was used for expression and purification of cathelicidin-like peptide SMAP-29 from Escherichia coli cultures. To overcome the high toxicity of the antimicrobial peptide against host cells, both C- and N-terminal fusions with Sce VMA intein were evaluated. The fusion of SMAP-29 with the N-terminus of intein had a dramatic lethal effect. In contrast, chimeric constructs harboring SMAP-29 linked to the C-terminus of intein displayed no significant inhibition of bacterial growth. Expression of intein-SMAP fusion protein was then induced in ER2566 E. coli strain by IPTG addition and different experimental conditions were tested in order to optimize the recovery of the soluble protein complex. Peptide purification was carried out by affinity chromatography: the chitin binding domain linked to intein was used to immobilize the chimeric protein on a chitin column and intein-mediated splicing of target peptide was obtained by thiol addition. Microbroth dilution assay showed that recombinant SMAP-29 displayed a high, dose-dependent bactericidal activity. These data demonstrate that the fusion of SMAP-29 with C-intein was able to inactivate the antimicrobial properties of the cathelicidin peptide allowing the expression of fusion protein in the host cell. The intein-mediated purification supplied an effective way to recover the fusion partner in its proper biologically active form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Morassutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze, 208-33100 Udine, Italy.
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