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Ma D, Wang H, Ugo T, Mustafa D, Zhou W, Cali JJ. Luminogenic D-Luciferin Derivatives as OATP1B1 and 1B3 Substrates in No-wash Assays †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1407-1416. [PMID: 33948961 DOI: 10.1111/php.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human hepatic organic ion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and -1B3 are uptake transporters that influence the disposition of several small molecule drugs and perpetrate certain adverse drug-drug interactions. To predict these in vivo effects, in vitro systems are used to screen new drug entities as potential transporter substrates or inhibitors. To simplify such studies, we synthesized luminogenic derivatives of the OATP1B1 and -1B3 substrate D-luciferin to test as probe substrates in a rapid, no-wash optical approach for substrate and inhibitor identification and characterization. Each derivative is a pro-luciferin containing a self-immolating trimethyl lock quinone linker that is sensitive to intracellular reducing environments that cause the release of free luciferin in proportion to the amount of probe taken up by the transporter. A subsequent luciferin-limited luciferase reaction produces light in proportion to transporter activity. We tested the derivatives in HEK293 cells that overexpress OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 by transient transfection or viral transduction. Derivatives were identified that showed OATP-dependent uptake that was time and concentration dependent, saturable and sensitive to inhibition by known OATP1B1 and -1B3 substrates and inhibitors. These luminogenic transporter probes enabled an add-only multi-well plate protocol suitable for automation and high throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Wang
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | - Tim Ugo
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA
| | | | - Wenhui Zhou
- Promega Biosciences LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA
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Airenne KJ, Hu YC, Kost TA, Smith RH, Kotin RM, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Wang S, Ylä-Herttuala S. Baculovirus: an insect-derived vector for diverse gene transfer applications. Mol Ther 2013; 21:739-49. [PMID: 23439502 PMCID: PMC3616530 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect-derived baculoviruses have emerged as versatile and safe workhorses of biotechnology. Baculovirus expression vectors (BEVs) have been applied widely for crop and forest protection, as well as safe tools for recombinant protein production in insect cells. However, BEVs ability to efficiently transduce noninsect cells is still relatively poorly recognized despite the fact that efficient baculovirus-mediated in vitro and ex vivo gene delivery into dormant and dividing vertebrate cells of diverse origin has been described convincingly by many authors. Preliminary proof of therapeutic potential has also been established in preclinical studies. This review summarizes the advantages and current status of baculovirus-mediated gene delivery. Stem cell transduction, preclinical animal studies, tissue engineering, vaccination, cancer gene therapy, viral vector production, and drug discovery are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Airenne
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Thomas A Kost
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard H Smith
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert M Kotin
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chikako Ono
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Ames RS, Lu Q. Viral-mediated gene delivery for cell-based assays in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:243-56. [PMID: 23489124 DOI: 10.1517/17460440902751599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus, retrovirus and lentivirus-based vectors, originally engineered and optimized for in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy, have become increasingly useful for viral-mediated gene delivery to support in vitro cell-based assays. Viral vectors underpin functional genomics screening of cDNA, shRNA and aptamer libraries, are used for a variety of target validation studies and importantly, for high-throughput cell-based drug discovery and compound profiling assays. The baculovirus/insect cell expression system had gained prevalence as a tool for recombinant protein production when it was observed that recombinant baculovirus vectors too could serve as efficient gene delivery vehicles for a wide range of mammalian cells. Although the use of baculovirus vectors in vivo has lagged behind retroviral, adenoviral and lentiviral vectors, they have gained prominence for development of in vitro cell-based assays due to the ease of generation, broad host range and excellent biosafety profile. There is an increasing emphasis on cell-based assays in high-throughput automated drug discovery laboratories and a variety of commercially available viral-vectors can be used for supporting these assays. OBJECTIVE We compare and contrast the current viral-mediated gene delivery vector systems and highlight their suitability for cell-based drug discovery assays. CONCLUSION Viral-mediated gene delivery is increasingly being used in support of genome scale target validation studies and cell-based assay development for specific drug target genes such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors and intracellular enzymes. The choice of a delivery system over another for a particular application is largely dictated by the cell types and cell lines in use, virus cellular tropism, assay throughput, safety requirements and ease/cost of reagent generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Ames
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, UE0433, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA +1 610 270 7602 ; +1 610 270 7359 ;
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Cheng Z, Liu H, Yu N, Wang F, An G, Xu Y, Liu Q, Guan CB, Ayrton A. Hydrophilic anti-migraine triptans are substrates for OATP1A2, a transporter expressed at human blood-brain barrier. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:880-90. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.675455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Condreay JP, Watson CA. Pharmacological applications of baculovirus-mediated protein expression in mammalian cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 6:Unit 6.11. [PMID: 22294374 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph0611s49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-based assays for cellular receptors, ion channels, and transporters requires the delivery and expression of transgenes. Viral-mediated gene delivery is a particularly attractive approach for this purpose because of its efficiency and potential to deliver genes to a wide variety of cell types. Recombinant baculoviruses, long used to deliver genes to insect cells for overexpression, also effectively transfer genes to mammalian cells. The only required modification to the virus for this purpose is the addition of transgene expression cassettes controlled by mammalian cell-active promoters. These so-called BacMam viruses are useful for developing mammalian cell-based assays for investigating the function of recombinant proteins and for assessing the action of pharmacological modulators of their function. The use of such viruses is gaining popularity because of the ease of optimizing assay conditions, the ability to deliver multiple gene products, and of their flexibility in terms of host cells and levels of transgene expression. BacMam-mediated assays may be used for studying a wide variety of target proteins and assay technologies. Described in this unit is an example of BacMam-mediated gene delivery to configure a cell-based assay for pharmacological assessment of a G protein-coupled receptor. A protocol is also provided describing the use of a GFP-expressing BacMam to assess the susceptibility of new cell lines to transduction by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Condreay
- GlaxoSmithKline Molecular Discovery Research, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Shukla S, Schwartz C, Kapoor K, Kouanda A, Ambudkar SV. Use of baculovirus BacMam vectors for expression of ABC drug transporters in mammalian cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:304-12. [PMID: 22041108 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters ABCB1 [P-glycoprotein (Pgp)] and ABCG2 are expressed in many tissues including those of the intestines, the liver, the kidney and the brain and are known to influence the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of therapeutic drugs. In vitro studies involving their functional characteristics provide important information that allows improvements in drug delivery or drug design. In this study, we report use of the BacMam (baculovirus-based expression in mammalian cells) expression system to express and characterize the function of Pgp and ABCG2 in mammalian cell lines. BacMam-Pgp and BacMam-ABCG2 baculovirus-transduced cell lines showed similar cell surface expression (as detected by monoclonal antibodies with an external epitope) and transport function of these transporters compared to drug-resistant cell lines that overexpress the two transporters. Transient expression of Pgp was maintained in HeLa cells for up to 72 h after transduction (48 h after removal of the BacMam virus). These BacMam-baculovirus-transduced mammalian cells expressing Pgp or ABCG2 were used for assessing the functional activity of these transporters. Crude membranes isolated from these cells were further used to study the activity of these transporters by biochemical techniques such as photo-cross-linking with transport substrate and adenosine triphosphatase assays. In addition, we show that the BacMam expression system can be exploited to coexpress both Pgp and ABCG2 in mammalian cells to determine their contribution to the transport of a common anticancer drug substrate. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the BacMam-baculovirus-based expression system can be used to simultaneously study the transport function and biochemical properties of ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gui C, Obaidat A, Chaguturu R, Hagenbuch B. Development of a cell-based high-throughput assay to screen for inhibitors of organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 and 1B3. CURRENT CHEMICAL GENOMICS 2010; 4:1-8. [PMID: 20448812 PMCID: PMC2864424 DOI: 10.2174/1875397301004010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The two organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1 and 1B3 are expressed at the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes. They have a broad and overlapping substrate specificity and transport many endobiotics and drugs. Specific inhibitors are required to determine the contribution of each OATP to the hepatocellular uptake of common substrates. We have developed a cell-based high-throughput assay to screen chemical libraries in order to identify such inhibitors for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. We have used OATP1B1- or OATP1B3-expressing Chinese Hamster Ovary cells on 96-well plates and determined uptake of fluorescein-methotrexate (FMTX). We validated the assay with known inhibitors and screened the well characterized Prestwick library of 1120 drugs. Along with several known OATP inhibitors including rifampicin, cyclosporine A and mifepristone we identified some new inhibitors. For inhibitors that seemed to be able to distinguish between OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated FMTX uptake IC50 values were determined. Estropipate (estrone-3-sulfate stabilized with piperazine) was the most selective OATP1B1 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.06 μM vs. 19.3 μM for OATP1B3). Ursolic acid was the most selective OATP1B3 inhibitor (IC50 = 2.3 μM vs. 12.5 μM for OATP1B1). In conclusion, this cell-based assay should allow us to identify even more specific inhibitors by screening larger chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshan Gui
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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Garner CE, Solon E, Lai CM, Lin J, Luo G, Jones K, Duan J, Decicco CP, Maduskuie T, Mercer SE, Gan LS, Qian M, Prakash S, Shen HS, Lee FW. Role of P-Glycoprotein and the Intestine in the Excretion of DPC 333 [(2R)-2-{(3R)-3-Amino-3-[4-(2-methylquinolin-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl}-N-hydroxy-4-methylpentanamide] in Rodents. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.017038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Midgett CR, Madden DR. Breaking the bottleneck: Eukaryotic membrane protein expression for high-resolution structural studies. J Struct Biol 2007; 160:265-74. [PMID: 17702603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins has been a major stumbling block in efforts to determine their structures. In the last two years, however, five such proteins have yielded high-resolution X-ray or electron diffraction data, opening the prospect of increased throughput for eukaryotic membrane protein structure determination. Here, we summarize the major expression systems available, and highlight technical advances that should facilitate more systematic screening of expression conditions for this physiologically important class of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Midgett
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, 7200 Vail Building, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Ames RS, Kost TA, Condreay JP. BacMam technology and its application to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:1669-81. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.12.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hinton LK, Galetin A, Houston JB. Multiple Inhibition Mechanisms and Prediction of Drug–Drug Interactions: Status of Metabolism and Transporter Models as Exemplified by Gemfibrozil–Drug Interactions. Pharm Res 2007; 25:1063-74. [PMID: 17901929 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the consequences of multiple inhibitors and differential inhibition mechanisms on the prediction of 12 gemfibrozil drug-drug interactions (DDIs). In addition, qualitative zoning of transporter-related gemfibrozil and cyclosporine DDIs was investigated. METHODS The effect of gemfibrozil and its acyl-glucuronide on different enzymes was incorporated into a metabolic prediction model. The impact of CYP2C8 time-dependent inhibition by gemfibrozil acyl-glucuronide was assessed using repaglinide, cerivastatin, loperamide, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone DDIs. Gemfibrozil and cyclosporine inhibition data obtained in human embryonic kidney cells expressing OATP1B1 and hepatic input concentration ([I]in) were used for qualitative zoning of 14 transporter-mediated DDIs. RESULTS Incorporation of time-dependent inhibition by gemfibrozil glucuronide showed no significant improvement in the prediction, as CYP2C8 contributed <65% to the overall elimination of the victim drugs investigated. Qualitative zoning of OATP1B1 DDIs resulted in no false negative predictions; yet the magnitude of observed interactions was significantly over-predicted. CONCLUSIONS Time-dependent inhibition by gemfibrozil glucuronide is only important for victim drugs eliminated predominantly (>80%) via CYP2C8. Qualitative zoning of OATP1B1 inhibitors based on [I]in/K (i) is valid in drug screening to avoid false negatives. Refinement of the transporter model by incorporating the fraction of drug transported by a particular transporter is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Hinton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Condreay JP, Ames RS, Hassan NJ, Kost TA, Merrihew RV, Mossakowska DE, Pountney DJ, Romanos MA. Baculoviruses and mammalian cell-based assays for drug screening. Adv Virus Res 2006; 68:255-86. [PMID: 16997014 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(06)68007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Patrick Condreay
- Department of Gene Expression and Protein Biochemistry GlaxoSmithKline Discovery Research, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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