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Pham TT, Abe S, Date K, Hirata K, Suzuki T, Ueno T. Displaying a Protein Cage on a Protein Crystal by In-Cell Crystal Engineering. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10118-10125. [PMID: 37955329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid biomaterials has rapidly progressed in recent years in applications in bionanotechnology. The immobilization of proteins, such as enzymes, within protein crystals is being used to develop solid catalysts and functionalized materials. However, an efficient method for encapsulating protein assemblies has not yet been established. This work presents a novel approach to displaying protein cages onto a crystalline protein scaffold using in-cell protein crystal engineering. The polyhedra crystal (PhC) scaffold, which displays a ferritin cage, was produced by coexpression of polyhedrin monomer (PhM) and H1-ferritin (H1-Fr) monomer in Escherichia coli. The H1-tag is derived from the H1-helix of PhM. Our technique represents a unique strategy for immobilizing protein assemblies onto in-cell protein crystals and is expected to contribute to various applications in bionanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuc Toan Pham
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Koki Date
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kunio Hirata
- SR Life Science Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN/SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taiga Suzuki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ueno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
- Living Systems Materialogy (LiSM) Research Group, International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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2
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Saraiva A, Carrascosa C, Ramos F, Raheem D, Pedreiro S, Vega A, Raposo A. Brazzein and Monellin: Chemical Analysis, Food Industry Applications, Safety and Quality Control, Nutritional Profile and Health Impacts. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101943. [PMID: 37238762 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, customers have been keener to buy products manufactured using all-natural ingredients with positive health properties, but without losing flavor. In this regard, the objective of the current study is to review the consumption of brazzein and monellin, their nutritional profiles and health effects, and their potential applications in the food industry. This poses challenges with sustainability and important quality and safety indicators, as well as the chemical processes used to determine them. To better understand the utilization of brazzein and monellin, the chemical analysis of these two natural sweet proteins was also reviewed by placing particular emphasis on their extraction methods, purification and structural characterization. Protein engineering is considered a means to improve the thermal stability of brazzein and monellin to enhance their application in food processing, especially where high temperatures are applied. When the quality and safety of these sweet proteins are well-investigated and the approval from safety authorities is secured, the market for brazzein and monellin as food ingredient substitutes for free sugar will be guaranteed in the future. Ultimately, the review on these two natural peptide sweeteners increases the body of knowledge on alleviating problems of obesity, diabetes and other non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dele Raheem
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Sónia Pedreiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Angelo Vega
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Bhattacharjee R, Udgaonkar JB. Differentiating between the sequence of structural events on alternative pathways of folding of a heterodimeric protein. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4513. [PMID: 36382901 PMCID: PMC9703597 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distinguishing between competing pathways of folding of a protein, on the basis of how they differ in their progress of structure acquisition, remains an important challenge in protein folding studies. A previous study had shown that the heterodimeric protein, double chain monellin (dcMN) switches between alternative folding pathways upon a change in guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) concentration. In the current study, the folding of dcMN has been characterized by the pulsed hydrogen exchange (HX) labeling methodology used in conjunction with mass spectrometry. Quantification of the extent to which folding intermediates accumulate and then disappear with time of folding at both low and high GdnHCl concentrations, where the folding pathways are known to be different, shows that the folding mechanism is describable by a triangular three-state mechanism. Structural characterization of the productive folding intermediates populated on the alternative pathways has enabled the pathways to be differentiated on the basis of the progress of structure acquisition that occurs on them. The intermediates on the two pathways differ in the extent to which the α-helix and the rest of the β-sheet have acquired structure that is protective against HX. The major difference is, however, that β2 has not acquired any protective structure in the intermediate formed on one pathway, but it has acquired significant protective structure in the intermediate formed on the alternative pathway. Hence, the sequence of structural events is different on the two alternative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Bhattacharjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
- Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneMaharashtraIndia
| | - Jayant B. Udgaonkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBengaluruKarnatakaIndia
- Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchPuneMaharashtraIndia
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4
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Bhattacharjee R, Udgaonkar JB. Structural Characterization of the Cooperativity of Unfolding of a Heterodimeric Protein using Hydrogen Exchange-Mass Spectrometry. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167268. [PMID: 34563547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how the sequence of structural changes in one chain of a heterodimeric protein is coupled to those in the other chain during protein folding and unfolding reactions, and whether individual secondary structural changes in the two chains occur in one or many coordinated steps. Here, the unfolding mechanism of a small heterodimeric protein, double chain monellin, has been characterized using hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry. Transient structure opening, which enables HX, was found to be describable by a five state N ↔ I1 ↔ I2 ↔ I3 ↔ U mechanism. Structural changes occur gradually in the first three steps, and cooperatively in the last step. β strands 2, 4 and 5, as well as the α-helix undergo transient unfolding during all three non-cooperative steps, while β1 and the two loops on both sides of the helix undergo transient unfolding during the first two steps. In the absence of GdnHCl, only β3 in chain A of the protein unfolds during the last cooperative step, while in the presence of 1 M GdnHCl, not only β3, but also β2 in chain B unfolds cooperatively. Hence, the extent of cooperative structural change and size of the cooperative unfolding unit increase when the protein is destabilized by denaturant. The naturally evolved two-chain variant of monellin folds and unfolds in a more cooperative manner than does a single chain variant created artificially, suggesting that increasing folding cooperativity, even at the cost of decreasing stability, may be a driving force in the evolution of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Bhattacharjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India. https://twitter.com/Rupam_B01
| | - Jayant B Udgaonkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.
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5
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Upadhyay A, Mishra A. Amyloids of multiple species: are they helpful in survival? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1363-1386. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Upadhyay
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan 342011 India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit; Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur; Rajasthan 342011 India
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6
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Prądzińska M, Behrendt I, Spodzieja M, Kołodziejczyk AS, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Szymańska A, Lundström SL, Zubarev RA, Macur K, Czaplewska P. Isolation and characterization of autoantibodies against human cystatin C. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2501-2518. [PMID: 27277188 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy (HCCAA) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder related to the point mutation in cystatin C gene resulting in human cystatin C (hCC) L68Q variant. One of the potential immunotherapeutic approaches to HCCAA treatment is based on naturally occurring antibodies against cystatin C. A recent growing interest in autoantibodies, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, emerges from their potential use as valuable diagnostic markers and for controlling protein aggregation. In this work, we present characteristics of natural anti-hCC antibodies isolated from the IgG fraction of human serum by affinity chromatography. The electrophoresis (1-D and 2-D) results demonstrated that the isolated NAbs are a polyclonal mixture, but their electrophoretic properties did not allow to classify the new autoantibodies to any particular type of IgG. The Fc-glycan status of the studied autoantibodies was assessed using mass spectrometry analysis. For the isolated NAbs, the epitopic fragments in hCC sequence were identified by MS-assisted proteolytic excision of the immune complex and compared with the ones predicted theoretically. The knowledge of hCC fragments binding to NAbs and other ligands may contribute to the search for new diagnostic methods for amyloidosis of different types and the search for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Prądzińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Behrendt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra S Kołodziejczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aneta Szymańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-952, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Chemistry I, Head Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheelesvag 2, SE 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Chemistry I, Head Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheelesvag 2, SE 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Macur
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Kładki 24, 80-822, Gdansk, Poland.
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7
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Reddy CS, Vijayalakshmi M, Kaul T, Islam T, Reddy MK. Improving flavour and quality of tomatoes by expression of synthetic gene encoding sweet protein monellin. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:448-53. [PMID: 25645814 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monellin a sweet-tasting protein exists naturally as a heterodimer of two non-covalently linked subunits chain A and B, which loses its sweetness on denaturation. In this study, we validated the expression of a synthetic monellin gene encoding a single polypeptide chain covalently linking the two subunits under T7 and fruit-ripening-specific promoters in Escherichia coli and tomato fruits, respectively. Purified recombinant monellin protein retained its sweet flavour at 70 °C and pH 2. We developed 15 transgenic T0 tomato plants overexpressing monellin, which were devoid of any growth penalty or phenotypic abnormalities during greenhouse conditions. T-DNA integration and fruit-specific heterologous expression of monellin had occurred in these transgenic tomato lines. ELISA revealed that expression of monellin was 4.5% of the total soluble fruit protein. Functional analyses of transgenic tomatoes of T2-5 and T2-14 lines revealed distinctly strong sweetness compared with wild type. Monellin a potential non-carbohydrate sweetener, if expressed in high amounts in fruits and vegetables, would enhance their flavour and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinreddy Subramanyam Reddy
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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8
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Sabareesan AT, Udgaonkar JB. Amyloid Fibril Formation by the Chain B Subunit of Monellin Occurs by a Nucleation-Dependent Polymerization Mechanism. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1206-17. [DOI: 10.1021/bi401467p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Sabareesan
- National Centre for Biological
Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Jayant B. Udgaonkar
- National Centre for Biological
Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
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9
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Aghera N, Udgaonkar JB. The Utilization of Competing Unfolding Pathways of Monellin Is Dictated by Enthalpic Barriers. Biochemistry 2013; 52:5770-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi400688w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Aghera
- National Centre for Biological
Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065,
India
| | - Jayant B. Udgaonkar
- National Centre for Biological
Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065,
India
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10
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Aghera N, Dasgupta I, Udgaonkar JB. A Buried Ionizable Residue Destabilizes the Native State and the Transition State in the Folding of Monellin. Biochemistry 2012; 51:9058-66. [DOI: 10.1021/bi3008017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Aghera
- National
Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065,
India
| | - Ishita Dasgupta
- National
Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065,
India
| | - Jayant B. Udgaonkar
- National
Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065,
India
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Aghera N, Udgaonkar JB. Kinetic Studies of the Folding of Heterodimeric Monellin: Evidence for Switching between Alternative Parallel Pathways. J Mol Biol 2012; 420:235-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Lim JA, Shin H, Kang DH, Ryu S. Characterization of endolysin from a Salmonella Typhimurium-infecting bacteriophage SPN1S. Res Microbiol 2012; 163:233-41. [PMID: 22289622 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The full genome sequence of bacteriophage SPN1S, which infects Salmonella, contains genes that encode homologues of holin, endolysin and Rz/Rz1-like accessory proteins, which are 4 phage lysis proteins. The ability of these proteins to lyse Escherichia coli cells when overexpressed was evaluated. In contrast to other endolysins, the expression of endolysin and Rz/Rz1-like proteins was sufficient to cause lysis. The endolysin was tagged with oligohistidine at the N-terminus and purified by affinity chromatography. The endolysin has a lysozyme-like superfamily domain, and its activity was much stronger than that of lysozyme from chicken egg white. We used the chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), to increase outer membrane permeability, and it greatly enhanced the lytic activity of SPN1S endolysin. The antimicrobial activity of endolysin was stable over broad pH and temperature ranges and was active from pH 7.0 to 10.5 and from 25 °C to 45 °C. The SPN1S endolysin could kill most of the tested Gram-negative strains, but the Gram-positive strains were resistant. SPN1S endolysin, like lysozyme, cleaves the glycosidic bond of peptidoglycan. These results suggested that SPN1S endolysin has potential as a therapeutic agent against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Lim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Aghera N, Earanna N, Udgaonkar JB. Equilibrium unfolding studies of monellin: the double-chain variant appears to be more stable than the single-chain variant. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2434-44. [PMID: 21351752 DOI: 10.1021/bi101955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of the contributions of different stabilizing interactions to protein stability, including that of residual structure in the unfolded state, the small sweet protein monellin has been studied in both its two variant forms, the naturally occurring double-chain variant (dcMN) and the artificially created single-chain variant (scMN). Equilibrium guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding studies at pH 7 show that the standard free energy of unfolding, ΔG°(U), of dcMN to unfolded chains A and B and its dependence on guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) concentration are both independent of protein concentration, while the midpoint of unfolding has an exponential dependence on protein concentration. Hence, the unfolding of dcMN like that of scMN can be described as two-state unfolding. The free energy of dissociation, ΔG°(d), of the two free chains, A and B, from dcMN, as measured by equilibrium binding studies, is significantly lower than ΔG°(U), apparently because of the presence of residual structure in free chain B. The value of ΔG°(U), at the standard concentration of 1 M, is found to be ∼5.5 kcal mol(-1) higher for dcMN than for scMN in the range from pH 4 to 9, over which unfolding appears to be two-state. Hence, dcMN appears to be more stable than scMN. It seems that unfolded scMN is stabilized by residual structure that is absent in unfolded dcMN and/or that native scMN is destabilized by strain that is relieved in native dcMN. The value of ΔG°(U) for both protein variants decreases with an increase in pH from 4 to 9, apparently because of the thermodynamic coupling of unfolding to the protonation of a buried carboxylate side chain whose pK(a) shifts from 4.5 in the unfolded state to 9 in the native state. Finally, it is shown that although the thermodynamic stabilities of dcMN and scMN are very different, their kinetic stabilities with respect to unfolding in GdnHCl are very similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Aghera
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
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