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Amaranto M, Vaccarello P, Correa EME, Barra JL, Godino A. Novel intein-based self-cleaving affinity tag for recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2021; 332:126-134. [PMID: 33878389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated several intein-based self-cleaving affinity tags for expression and single-step affinity chromatography purification of recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. We used human growth hormone (hGH) as target protein that contains two internal disulfide bridges and an N-terminal phenylalanine. Use of N-terminal thiol-induced Sce VMA1 intein affinity tag resulted in purified hGH deficient in disulfide bonds. Inteins with self-cleavage inducible by pH and/or temperature shift were analyzed. N-terminal Ssp DnaX intein affinity tag resulted in a completely cleaved cytosolic protein, whereas N-terminal Ssp DnaB intein affinity tag resulted in a cytosolic fusion protein incapable of releasing hGH. Periplasmic expression of target protein was analyzed using an N-terminal signal peptide and C-terminal Ssp DnaX pH-inducible self-cleaving affinity tag. The fusion protein was properly expressed in pH 8 buffered culture medium. Fusion of a periplasmic signal peptide to the N-terminus of the POI allowed secretion to the periplasmic region and presence of the natural N-terminal amino acid of the POI following cleavage. Periplasmic expression of hGH fused to this novel C-terminal DnaX intein-based self-cleaving affinity tag made possible expression and purification of hGH protein containing disulfide bonds and free of extra amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilla Amaranto
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Paula Vaccarello
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Elisa M E Correa
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - José L Barra
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Godino
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Functional Expression and One-Step Protein Purification of Manganese Peroxidase 1 (rMnP1) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium Using the E. coli-Expression System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020416. [PMID: 31936493 PMCID: PMC7013543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese peroxidases (MnP) from the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyse the oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+, a strong oxidizer able to oxidize a wide variety of organic compounds. Different approaches have been used to unravel the enzymatic properties and potential applications of MnP. However, these efforts have been hampered by the limited production of native MnP by fungi. Heterologous expression of MnP has been achieved in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems, although with limited production and many disadvantages in the process. Here we described a novel molecular approach for the expression and purification of manganese peroxidase isoform 1 (MnP1) from P. chrysosporium using an E. coli-expression system. The proposed strategy involved the codon optimization and chemical synthesis of the MnP1 gene for optimised expression in the E. coli T7 shuffle host. Recombinant MnP1 (rMnP1) was expressed as a fusion protein, which was recovered from solubilised inclusion bodies. rMnP1 was purified from the fusion protein using intein-based protein purification techniques and a one-step affinity chromatography. The designated strategy allowed production of an active enzyme able to oxidize guaiacol or Mn2+.
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3
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Li Y, Stern D, Lock LL, Mills J, Ou SH, Morrow M, Xu X, Ghose S, Li ZJ, Cui H. Emerging biomaterials for downstream manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:73-90. [PMID: 30862553 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Downstream processing is considered one of the most challenging phases of industrial manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, accounting for a large portion of the total production costs. The growing demand for therapeutic proteins in the biopharmaceutical market in addition to a significant rise in upstream titers have placed an increasing burden on the downstream purification process, which is often limited by high cost and insufficient capacities. To achieve efficient production and reduced costs, a variety of biomaterials have been exploited to improve the current techniques and also to develop superior alternatives. In this work, we discuss the significance of utilizing traditional biomaterials in downstream processing and review the recent progress in the development of new biomaterials for use in protein separation and purification. Several representative methods will be highlighted and discussed in detail, including affinity chromatography, non-affinity chromatography, membrane separations, magnetic separations, and precipitation/phase separations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nowadays, downstream processing of therapeutic proteins is facing great challenges created by the rapid increase of the market size and upstream titers, starving for significant improvements or innovations in current downstream unit operations. Biomaterials have been widely used in downstream manufacturing of proteins and efforts have been continuously devoted to developing more advanced biomaterials for the implementation of more efficient and economical purification methods. This review covers recent advances in the development and application of biomaterials specifically exploited for various chromatographic and non-chromatographic techniques, highlighting several promising alternative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - David Stern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Lye Lin Lock
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Jason Mills
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Shih-Hao Ou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Marina Morrow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States.
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Process Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, MA 01434, United States
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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4
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Ma B, Hu L, Lu H, Dou T, Chen J, Zhu J. Intermolecular disulfide bonds between unpaired cysteines retard the C-terminal trans-cleavage of Npu DnaE. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 118:6-12. [PMID: 30143201 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Npu DnaE is a naturally occurred split intein possessing robust trans-splicing activity and could be engineered to perform rapid C-terminal cleavage module by a single mutation D118G. Unfortunately, however, for this modified selfcleaving module, reducing agents were needed to trigger the rapid cleavage, which prevents the utilization in purification of disulfide bonds containing recombinant proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that the unpaired cysteine residues in Npu DnaE tend to form disulfide bonds, and contributed to the reduction of the cleavage under non-reducing conditions. This redox trap can be disrupted by site-directed mutation of these unpaired cysteines. The results further indicated that the position 28 and 59 may play certain roles in the correct folding of the active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lifu Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tonglu Dou
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Jecho Laboratories, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA.
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5
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Hu X, Lai CYN, Sivakumar T, Wang H, Ng KL, Lam CC, Wong WKR. Novel strategy for expression of authentic and bioactive human basic fibroblast growth factor in Bacillus subtilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7061-7069. [PMID: 29951857 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inteins, also known as "protein introns," have been found to be present in many microbial species and widely employed for the expression and purification of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. However, interestingly, until now there has not been much information on the identification and application of inteins to protein expression in Bacillus subtilis. In this article, for the first time, despite the likelihood of absence of inteins in B. subtilis, this bacterium was shown to be able to facilitate auto-catalytic cleavages of fusions formed between inteins and recombinant proteins. Employing a construct expressing the intein, Ssp DnaB, (DnaB), which was fused at its N-terminus with the cellulose-binding domain (CellBD) of an endoglucanase encoded by the cenA gene of Cellulomonas fimi, the construct was demonstrated to be capable of mediating intracellular expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), followed by auto-processing of the CellBD-DnaB-bFGF fusion to result in bFGF possessing the 146-residue authentic structure. The mentioned fusion was shown to result in a high yield of 84 mg l-1 of biologically active bFGF. Future work in improving the growth of B. subtilis may enable the use of this bacterium, working in cooperation with inteins, to result in a new platform for efficient expression of valuable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Hu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk Yin Nelson Lai
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - T Sivakumar
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - K L Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - C C Lam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - W K R Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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6
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Coolbaugh M, Shakalli Tang M, Wood D. High-throughput purification of recombinant proteins using self-cleaving intein tags. Anal Biochem 2017; 516:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Zernia S, Ott F, Bellmann-Sickert K, Frank R, Klenner M, Jahnke HG, Prager A, Abel B, Robitzki A, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide-Mediated Specific Immobilization of Catalytically Active Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variant. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1090-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zernia
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Ott
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Frank
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Klenner
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Prager
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Robitzki
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Pina AS, Lowe CR, Roque ACA. Challenges and opportunities in the purification of recombinant tagged proteins. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:366-81. [PMID: 24334194 PMCID: PMC7125906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purification of recombinant proteins by affinity chromatography is one of the most efficient strategies due to the high recovery yields and purity achieved. However, this is dependent on the availability of specific affinity adsorbents for each particular target protein. The diversity of proteins to be purified augments the complexity and number of specific affinity adsorbents needed, and therefore generic platforms for the purification of recombinant proteins are appealing strategies. This justifies why genetically encoded affinity tags became so popular for recombinant protein purification, as these systems only require specific ligands for the capture of the fusion protein through a pre-defined affinity tag tail. There is a wide range of available affinity pairs "tag-ligand" combining biological or structural affinity ligands with the respective binding tags. This review gives a general overview of the well-established "tag-ligand" systems available for fusion protein purification and also explores current unconventional strategies under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Pina
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christopher R Lowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QT Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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9
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Coolbaugh MJ, Wood DW. Purification of E. coli proteins using a self-cleaving chitin-binding affinity tag. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1177:47-58. [PMID: 24943313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1034-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of affinity tags to purify recombinant proteins is ubiquitous in molecular biology. However, tag removal after purification still remains a challenge. The most commonly used method, proteolytic digestion, has several drawbacks that make the process complex and costly. One alternative to the use of proteolytic digestion is the use of self-cleaving purification tags. Here, we describe a system that combines a chitin-binding domain (CBD) tag with the ∆I-CM intein to yield a self-cleaving purification tag. A protein gene of interest is genetically fused downstream of the tag, generating a fusion protein that can be rapidly and easily purified using a chitin resin. Intein self-cleavage is then induced by a simple pH and temperature shift, liberating the free target protein. This system can be used to readily purify any recombinant protein that can be expressed in E. coli, and has the potential to be applied to a wide variety of additional tags and expression hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coolbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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10
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Lin CC, Liu TT, Kan SC, Zang CZ, Yeh CW, Wu JY, Chen JH, Shieh CJ, Liu YC. Production of d-hydantoinase via surface display and self-cleavage system. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:562-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Bell MR, Engleka MJ, Malik A, Strickler JE. To fuse or not to fuse: what is your purpose? Protein Sci 2013; 22:1466-77. [PMID: 24038604 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of time, or at least the dawn of recombinant DNA technology (which for many of today's scientists is the same thing), investigators have been cloning and expressing heterologous proteins in a variety of different cells for a variety of different reasons. These range from cell biological studies looking at protein-protein interactions, post-translational modifications, and regulation, to laboratory-scale production in support of biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies, to large scale production of potential biotherapeutics. In parallel, fusion-tag technology has grown-up to facilitate microscale purification (pull-downs), protein visualization (epitope tags), enhanced expression and solubility (protein partners, e.g., GST, MBP, TRX, and SUMO), and generic purification (e.g., His-tags, streptag, and FLAG™-tag). Frequently, these latter two goals are combined in a single fusion partner. In this review, we examine the most commonly used fusion methodologies from the perspective of the ultimate use of the tagged protein. That is, what are the most commonly used fusion partners for pull-downs, for structural studies, for production of active proteins, or for large-scale purification? What are the advantages and limitations of each? This review is not meant to be exhaustive and the approach undoubtedly reflects the experiences and interests of the authors. For the sake of brevity, we have largely ignored epitope tags although they receive wide use in cell biology for immunopreciptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Bell
- LifeSensors, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, 19083
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12
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Wang Q, Xue Y, Wu X. Characterization of a novel thermostable chitin-binding domain and its application in immobilization of a multifunctional hemicellulase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3074-3081. [PMID: 23470102 DOI: 10.1021/jf3041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel thermostable chitin-binding domain (Tt-ChBD) of chitinase A1 from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM571 was cloned, characterized, and compared for its binding activity with another mesophilic chitin-binding domain (Bc-ChBD). Recombinant protein with Tt-ChBD exhibits stronger affinity to chitin than those with Bc-ChBD at temperatures from 65 °C to at least 75 °C, but not to other polysaccharides including xylan, chitosan, cellulose, and agarose. For repeated production of xylose from arabinoxylan-containing feedstocks, a best-characterized trifunctional chimeric enzyme Xar-L1-Xyn (XX) constructed in our previous work was attempted to be immobilized on chitin efficiently by genetically fusing Tt-ChBD to the N-terminal region of XX (named CXX) and the C-terminal region of XX (named XXC), respectively. The fusing position of Tt-CBD affected the affinity-binding activity to chitin. Recombinant XX, XXC, and CXX were purified to homogeneity and characterized. According to the xylosidase activities, the optimum temperature and pH profiles of the CXX and XXC both in free and immobilized form were the same as those of XX. However, the thermal and pH stabilities of the immobilized XXC and CXX were both greatly improved in the range from 70 to 90 °C and pH 4.2-8.2. The immobilized multifunctional hemicellulase exhibited high stability to producing xylose for at least 19 or 30 times in continuous operation with the achievement of 60% or 80% conversion yield at temperatures up to 65 °C. These results indicate the usefulness of Tt-ChBD as an affinity tag for the simultaneous purification and immobilization of the enzyme on chitin and the great potential applications for thermophilic enzyme immobilization at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, GinLing College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China 210097
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13
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Gao M, Tong Y, Tian H, Gao X, Yao W. Recombinant production of mGLP-1 by coupling of refolding and intein-mediated self-cleavage (CRIS). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1283-90. [PMID: 22644527 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 as an endogenous glucose-lowering peptide is a promising candidate for anti-diabetic drug development. Here, we developed a convenient method by coupling of refolding and intein-mediated self-cleavage (CRIS) to improve the recombinant production of a mutated glucagon-like peptide-1 (mGLP-1). Bacterial cell culture employing auto-induction was performed at 37 °C to avoid the intracellular self-cleavage of the intein fusion protein. The impacts of urea, pH, and temperature on the efficiency of CRIS were tested, and then, the optimized CRIS was established. Using the optimized method, we obtained the purified mGLP-1 with a yield of 3.41 mg peptide/g bacterial cells which was 5.6-fold higher than before. After that, using chromatography, peptide electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry, we determined the purity and molecular weight of the purified peptide and then confirmed its glucose-lowering activity by performing glucose tolerance test in mice. These results suggest that CRIS is a relatively simple and efficacious method for the recombinant production of mGLP-1, and as a general method, it can also be used for the recombinant preparation of some other proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
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14
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Wang Z, Li N, Wang Y, Wu Y, Mu T, Zheng Y, Huang L, Fang X. Ubiquitin-intein and SUMO2-intein fusion systems for enhanced protein production and purification. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 82:174-8. [PMID: 22178731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although most commonly used for protein production, expression of soluble and functional recombinant protein in Escherichia coli is still a major challenge. The development and application of fusion tags that can facilitate protein expression and solubility partly solve this problem, however, under most circumstance, the fusion tags have to be removed by proteases in order to use the proteins. Because the tag removal using proteases increases cost and introduces extra purification steps, it remains a significant problem that must be resolved before being widely used in industry production. Ubiquitin and SUMO have been successfully used to enhance protein expression and solubility. In the last decades, intein has also been widely used in protein production for its self-cleavage property, which could help to remove the fusion tag without any protease. Here, we take the advantages of ubiquitin, SUMO2 and intein in protein expression. We constructed tandem ubiquitin-intein and SUMO2-intein fusion tags, and chose human MMP13 (amino acid 104-274) and eGFP as the passenger proteins that fused to the C-terminus of the tags. These constructs were expressed in E. coli and both MMP13 and eGFP expression and solubility were evaluated. Both tags showed the ability to enhance the solubility of MMP13 and eGFP and improve the expression of eGFP, and the SUMO2-intein having a more significant effect. Both ubiquitin-intein-eGFP and SUMO2-intein-eGFP were purified using Ni-NTA column chromatography and self-cleavaged by changing pH. The recombinant un-tagged eGFP were released and eluted with high homogeneity. In summary, ubiquitin-intein and SUMO2-intein are convenient and useful fusion tags that can enhance the expression, solubility and improve the purification process of the model heterologous protein and these tags may have a good prospect in protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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