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Tian Y, Wang X, Shao D, Zhao W, Chen R, Huang Q. Establishment and evaluation of detection methods for process-specific residual host cell protein and residual host cell DNA in biological preparation. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3986. [PMID: 38504442 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
To establish accurate detection methods of process-specific Escherichia coli residual host cell protein (HCP) and residual host cell DNA (rcDNA) in recombinant biological preparations. Taking the purification process of GLP expressed by E. coli as a specific-process model, the HCP of empty E. coli was intercepted to immunize mice and rabbits. Using IgG from immunized rabbits as the coating antibody and mouse immune serum as the second sandwich antibody, a process-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for E. coli HCP was established. Targeting the 16S gene of E. coli, ddPCR was used to obtain the absolute copies of rcDNA in samples. Non-process-specific commercial ELISA kit and the process-specific ELISA established in this study were used to detect the HCP in GLP preparation. About 62% of HCPs, which should be process-specific HCPs, could not be detected by the non-process-specific commercial ELISA kit. The sensitivity of established ELISA can reach 338 pg/mL. The rcDNA could be absolutely quantitated by ddPCR, for the copies of rcDNA in three multiple diluted samples showed a reduced gradient. While the copies of rcDNA in three multiple diluted samples could not be distinguished by the qPCR. Process-specific ELISA has high sensitivity in detecting process-specific E. coli HCP. The absolutely quantitative ddPCR has much higher accuracy than the relatively quantitative qPCR, it is a nucleic acid quantitative method that is expected to replace qPCR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Tian
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renan Chen
- Shaanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Ramon J, Gonçalves V, Alvarenga A, Saez V, Nele M, Alves T. Integrated Lab-Scale Process Combining Purification and PEGylation of l-Asparaginase from Zymomonas mobilis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramon
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Gonçalves
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Aline Alvarenga
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Vivian Saez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Marcio Nele
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Tito Alves
- PEQ/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
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Wang JL, Chen WG, Zhang JJ, Xu CJ. Nogo-A-Δ20/EphA4 interaction antagonizes apoptosis of neural stem cells by integrating p38 and JNK MAPK signaling. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:521-537. [PMID: 33555537 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nogo-A protein consists of two main extracellular domains: Nogo-66 (rat amino acid [aa] 1019-1083) and Nogo-A-Δ20 (extracellular, active 180 amino acid Nogo-A region), which serve as strong inhibitors of axon regeneration in the adult CNS (Central Nervous System). Although receptors S1PR2 and HSPGs have been identified as Nogo-A-Δ20 binding proteins, it remains at present elusive whether other receptors directly interacting with Nogo-A-Δ20 exist, and decrease cell death. On the other hand, the key roles of EphA4 in the regulation of glioblastoma, axon regeneration and NSCs (Neural Stem Cells) proliferation or differentiation are well understood, but little is known the relationship between EphA4 and Nogo-A-Δ20 in NSCs apoptosis. Thus, we aim to determine whether Nogo-A-Δ20 can bind to EphA4 and affect survival of NSCs. Here, we discover that EphA4, belonging to a member of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors family, could be acting as a high affinity ligand for Nogo-A-Δ20. Trans-membrane protein of EphA4 is needed for Nogo-A-Δ20-triggered inhibition of NSCs apoptosis, which are mediated by balancing p38 inactivation and JNK MAPK pathway activation. Finally, we predict at the atomic level that essential residues Lys-205, Ile-190, Pro-194 in Nogo-A-Δ20 and EphA4 residues Gln-390, Asn-425, Pro-426 might play critical roles in Nogo-A-Δ20/EphA4 binding via molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 1 of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guang Chen
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Cha Shan University Town, No.1 Central North Road, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhang
- School of 1St Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Jin Xu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Cha Shan University Town, No.1 Central North Road, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Swanson RK, Xu R, Nettleton DS, Glatz CE. Accounting for host cell protein behavior in anion-exchange chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1453-1463. [PMID: 27556579 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCP) are a problematic set of impurities in downstream processing (DSP) as they behave most similarly to the target protein during separation. Approaching DSP with the knowledge of HCP separation behavior would be beneficial for the production of high purity recombinant biologics. Therefore, this work was aimed at characterizing the separation behavior of complex mixtures of HCP during a commonly used method: anion-exchange chromatography (AEX). An additional goal was to evaluate the performance of a statistical methodology, based on the characterization data, as a tool for predicting protein separation behavior. Aqueous two-phase partitioning followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis provided data on the three physicochemical properties most commonly exploited during DSP for each HCP: pI (isoelectric point), molecular weight, and surface hydrophobicity. The protein separation behaviors of two alternative expression host extracts (corn germ and E. coli) were characterized. A multivariate random forest (MVRF) statistical methodology was then applied to the database of characterized proteins creating a tool for predicting the AEX behavior of a mixture of proteins. The accuracy of the MVRF method was determined by calculating a root mean squared error value for each database. This measure never exceeded a value of 0.045 (fraction of protein populating each of the multiple separation fractions) for AEX. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1453-1463, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Swanson
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | - Ruo Xu
- Dept. of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
| | | | - Charles E Glatz
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011
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Healy J, Ekkerman S, Pliotas C, Richard M, Bartlett W, Grayer SC, Morris GM, Miller S, Booth IR, Conway SJ, Rasmussen T. Understanding the structural requirements for activators of the Kef bacterial potassium efflux system. Biochemistry 2014; 53:1982-92. [PMID: 24601535 PMCID: PMC4004266 DOI: 10.1021/bi5001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potassium efflux system, Kef, protects bacteria against the detrimental effects of electrophilic compounds via acidification of the cytoplasm. Kef is inhibited by glutathione (GSH) but activated by glutathione-S-conjugates (GS-X) formed in the presence of electrophiles. GSH and GS-X bind to overlapping sites on Kef, which are located in a cytosolic regulatory domain. The central paradox of this activation mechanism is that GSH is abundant in cells (at concentrations of ∼10-20 mM), and thus, activating ligands must possess a high differential over GSH in their affinity for Kef. To investigate the structural requirements for binding of a ligand to Kef, a novel fluorescent reporter ligand, S-{[5-(dimethylamino)naphthalen-1-yl]sulfonylaminopropyl} glutathione (DNGSH), was synthesized. By competition assays using DNGSH, complemented by direct binding assays and thermal shift measurements, we show that the well-characterized Kef activator, N-ethylsuccinimido-S-glutathione, has a 10-20-fold higher affinity for Kef than GSH. In contrast, another native ligand that is a poor activator, S-lactoylglutathione, exhibits a similar Kef affinity to GSH. Synthetic ligands were synthesized to contain either rigid or flexible structures and investigated as ligands for Kef. Compounds with rigid structures and high affinity activated Kef. In contrast, flexible ligands with similar binding affinities did not activate Kef. These data provide insight into the structural requirements for Kef gating, paving the way for the development of a screen for potential therapeutic lead compounds targeting the Kef system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Healy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Optimized expression in Pichia pastoris eliminates common protein contaminants from subsequent His-tag purification. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:711-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Liew OW, Ang CX, Peh YP, Chong PCJ, Ng YX, Hwang LA, Koh XY, Yip YM, Liu W, Richards AM. A His6-SUMO-eXact tag for producing human prepro-urocortin 2 in Escherichia coli for raising monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2013; 403:37-51. [PMID: 24291344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This is a first report of recombinant production of human prepro-Urocortin 2 in Escherichia coli by N-terminal fusion with a triple His₆-SUMO-eXact tag and its subsequent use as an antigen for the production and screening of very high affinity monoclonal antibodies. The rationale for this combinatorial construct is that the His tag allows first step protein purification of insoluble and soluble proteins, the SUMO tag enhances protein expression level and solubility, while the eXact tag facilitates anion-triggered on-column cleavage of the triple tag to recover pure native proteins in a simple two-step protein purification procedure. Compared with an eXact fusion alone, the presence of the SUMO moiety enhanced overall expression levels by 4 to 10 fold but not the solubility of the highly basic prepro-Urocortin 2. Insoluble SUMO-eXact-preproUCN2 was purified in milligram quantities by denaturing IMAC and solubilized in native phosphate buffer by on-column refolding or step-wise dialysis. Only a small fraction of this solubilized protein was able to bind onto the eXact™ affinity column and cleaved by NaF treatment. To test whether binding and cleavage failure was due to improperly refolded SUMO-eXact-preproUCN2 or to the presence of N- and C-terminal sequences flanking the eXact moiety, we created a SUMO-eXact-thioredoxin construct which was overexpressed mainly in the soluble form. This protein bound to and was cleaved efficiently on the eXact™ column to yield native thioredoxin. Solubilized SUMO-eXact-preproUCN2 was used successfully to generate two high affinity mouse monoclonal antibodies (KD~10⁻¹⁰ and 10⁻¹¹ M) specific to the pro-region of Urocortin 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Cui Xia Ang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yu Pei Peh
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Pek Ching Jenny Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yan Xia Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Le-Ann Hwang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Xin Yu Koh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yin Mun Yip
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., 2650 Crescent Drive, Suite #100, Lafayette, CO 80026, United States
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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Tscheliessnig AL, Konrath J, Bates R, Jungbauer A. Host cell protein analysis in therapeutic protein bioprocessing - methods and applications. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:655-70. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Quistgaard EM, Nordlund P, Löw C. High‐resolution insights into binding of unfolded polypeptides by the PPIase chaperone SlpA. FASEB J 2012; 26:4003-13. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-208397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esben M. Quistgaard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Pär Nordlund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Christian Löw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Bartlow P, Tiwari N, Beitle RR, Ataai MM. Evaluation of Escherichia coli proteins that burden nonaffinity-based chromatography as a potential strategy for improved purification performance. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 28:137-45. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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