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Sokolova D, Childs T, Hong S. Insight into the role of phosphatidylserine in complement-mediated synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease. Fac Rev 2021; 10:19. [PMID: 33718936 PMCID: PMC7946395 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays an integral role in the brain. Synaptic pruning, a fundamental process in developmental circuit refinement, is partially mediated by neuroimmune signalling at the synapse. In particular, microglia, the major tissue-resident macrophages of the brain, and the classical complement cascade, an innate immune pathway that aids in the clearance of unwanted material, have been implicated in mediating synapse elimination. Emerging data suggest that improper signalling of the innate immune pathway at the synapse leads to pathological synapse loss in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Now the key questions are whether synapses are targeted by complement and, if so, which synapses are vulnerable to elimination. Here, we review recent work implicating C1q, the initiator of the classical complement cascade, and surrounding glia as mediators of synapse loss. We examine how synapses could undergo apoptosis-like pathways in the Alzheimer brain, which may lead to the externalisation of phosphatidylserine on synapses. Finally, we discuss potential roles for microglia and astrocytes in this 'synaptic apoptosis'. Critical insight into neuroimmune regulatory pathways on synapses will be key to developing effective targets against pathological synapse loss in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Sokolova
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas Childs
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Soyon Hong
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Lee JY, Dang K, Liu A, Alba BM. Automated buffer preparation using quaternary valve in fast performance liquid chromatography for protein purification from a cell membrane. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121849. [PMID: 31841981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for high-throughput protein purification to produce protein molecules for research and therapeutics. Although there have been significant advancements made in automated multi-step chromatography and preparative in-process design-of-experiment (DOE) capabilities in commercial fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) instruments, almost all commercial FPLCs rely on a binary buffer mixing system, which hinders automated buffer preparation. Nevertheless, current-generation FPLCs are equipped with a quaternary mixer designed for limited in-line buffer preparation and preparative pH scouting DOE experiments. We decided to leverage the quaternary mixing capability by extending and re-programming AkTA Avant's quaternary valve into an automated in-process buffer preparation system to simplify automated purification requiring complex washing steps. We accomplished this by using two extra inlet valves, a sample valve, and versatile valve to split inputs of the quaternary valve into software-selectable stock solutions of pH buffers, salts, eluents, and additives. We also devised a new flow scheme to perform automated two-step chromatography using only one versatile valve. This was accomplished by using only stock parts and software to facilitate reproduction. To demonstrate the versatility and capability of the system, we purified a transmembrane protein that requires a detergent to stay soluble and needs an in-column, high-salt washing step to achieve high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Y Lee
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States; Current address: Janssen Research and Development, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Khue Dang
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Alan Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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Redwan EM, Alkarim SA, El-Hanafy AA, Saad YM, Almehdar HA, Uversky VN. Disorder in milk proteins: adipophilin and TIP47, important constituents of the milk fat globule membrane. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1214-1229. [PMID: 30896308 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1592027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat globules (MFGs), which are secreted by the epithelial cells of the lactating mammary glands, account for the most of the nutritional value of milk. They are enveloped by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a complex structure consisting of three phospholipid membrane monolayers and containing various lipids. Depending on the origin of milk, specific proteins accounts for 5-70% of the MFGM mass. Proteome of MFGMs includes hundreds of proteins, with nine major components being adipophilin, butyrophilin, cluster of differentiation 36, fatty acid binding protein, lactadherin, mucin 1, mucin 15, tail-interacting protein 47 (TIP47), and xanthine oxidoreductase. Two of the MFGM components, adipophilin and TIP47, belong to the five-member perilipin family of lipid droplet proteins. Adipophilin is involved in the formation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and secretion of MFGs. This protein is also related to the formation of other lipid droplets that exist in most cell types, playing an important role in the transport of lipids from ER to the surface of lipid droplets. TIP47 acts as a cytoplasmic sorting factor for mannose 6-phosphate receptors and is recruited to the MFGM. Therefore, both adipophilin and TIP47 are moonlighting proteins, each possessing several unrelated functions. This review focuses on the main functions and specific structural features of adipophilin and TIP47, analyzes similarities and differences of these proteins among different species, and describes these proteins in the context of other members of the perilipin family.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Protein Research Department, Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Alkarim
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr A El-Hanafy
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Nucleic Acid Research, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research & Technology Applications, Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Saad
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussein A Almehdar
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia Moscow Region.,Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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MFGE8 polymorphisms are significantly associated with metabolism-related indicators rather than metabolic syndrome in Chinese people: A nested case–control study. Gene 2018; 677:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Nakashima Y, Miyagi-Shiohira C, Noguchi H, Omasa T. The Healing Effect of Human Milk Fat Globule-EGF Factor 8 Protein (MFG-E8) in A Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8090167. [PMID: 30200351 PMCID: PMC6162645 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8090167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We searched for drugs that alleviate the reduction of dopaminergic neurons caused by the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the substantia nigra of the rat brain. Human milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFG-E8) is similar to MFG-E8-S, a short isoform, of the mouse MFG-E8. However, the function of MFG-E8-S was not clear. Rats with LPS-induced Parkinson’s disease were prepared and the effects of human MFG-E8 were examined. MFG-E8 improved the significant reduction in mesencephalic dopamine neurons induced by the administration of LPS. LPS was administered to human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived dopaminergic neurons to induce inflammation and the effect of MFG-E8 was examined. MFG-E8 showed no toxicity toward neurons. We reanalyzed the results using public microarray data. MFG-E8 mRNA was found to be expressed in all parts of the body, particularly by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Furthermore, we investigated the culture supernatant of ADSCs using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis method and successfully identified the peptide of the MFG-E8 F5/8 type C domain. The results suggested that MFG-E8-S may have a preventive effect against Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakashima
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Li H, Xu W, Ma Y, Zhou S, Xiao R. Milk fat globule membrane protein promotes C 2C 12 cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1305-1314. [PMID: 29634969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein is known to have several health benefits, including an anti-sarcopenia effect; however, its mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of action of the MFGM protein. The MFGM protein was extracted and separated into 4 fractions, and Fraction 2 (57% of total MFGM) demonstrated the greatest effect on C2C12 cell proliferation. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) accounted for 82.35% of the MFGM protein. The effects of whole Fraction 2 (100μg/mL, 200μg/mL and 300μg/mL) on cell proliferation and morphology were measured. Using qRT-PCR or a Western blot assay, several regulatory factors, e.g., PI3K P85α, p-pI3K p85α (Tyr 508), Akt, p-Akt (Ser 473), mTOR and p-mTOR (Ser 2448), were measured in cells incubated with 200μg/mL of Fraction 2 with or without wortmannin. The results demonstrated that Fraction 2 induced C2C12 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, upregulated the mRNA expression of mTOR and p70S6K, and activated PI3K, Akt, mTOR and P70S6K phosphorylation; however, Fraction 2 inhibited FOXO3a and 4E-BP. The results demonstrate that the MFGM protein, predominantly MFG-E8, promotes cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of the MFGM protein, primarily MFG-E8, in promoting C2C12 cell proliferation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Weili Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Ran Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Shtykova EV, Bogacheva EN, Dadinova LA, Jeffries CM, Fedorova NV, Golovko AO, Baratova LA, Batishchev OV. Small-angle X-Ray analysis of macromolecular structure: the structure of protein NS2 (NEP) in solution. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774517060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li H, Xu W, Ma Y, Zhou S. Separation and purification of the bovine milk fat globule membrane protein and its effect on improvement of C2C12mouse skeletal muscle cell proliferation. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to improve the proliferation activity of C2C12cells by the bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein was established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Weili Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology
- University of BedfordshireLuton
- UK
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