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Sharma S, Kumar S, Kaur R, Kaur R. Multipotential Alkaline Protease From a Novel Pyxidicoccus sp. 252: Ecofriendly Replacement to Various Chemical Processes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:722719. [PMID: 34707581 PMCID: PMC8542989 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly isolated alkaline protease-producing myxobacterium was isolated from soil. The strain was identified as Pyxidicoccus sp. S252 on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The extracellular alkaline proteases produced by isolate S252 (PyCP) was optimally active in the pH range of 11.0–12.0 and temperature range of 40–50°C The zymogram of PyCP showed six caseinolytic protease bands. The proteases were stable in the pH range of 8.0–10.0 and temperature range of 40–50°C. The activity of PyCP was enhanced in the presence of Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Tween-20, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (hydrogen peroxide), whereas in Triton X-100, glycerol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and Co2+, it was stable. PyCP showed a potential in various applications. The addition of PyCP in the commercial detergent enhanced the wash performance of the detergent by efficiently removing the stains of tomato ketchup and coffee. PyCP efficiently hydrolyzed the gelatin layer on X-ray film to release the embedded silver. PyCP also showed potent dehairing of goat skin and also efficiently deproteinized sea shell waste indicating its application in chitin extraction. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that Pyxidicoccus sp. S252 proteases have the potential to be used as an ecofriendly replacement of chemicals in several industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department Cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Rouhizohrab N, Mohammadipanah F. Thermostable Alkaline Serine Protease Production by the Soil Myxobacterium of Archangium sp. UTMC 4504. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2020.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Rouhizohrab
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Kõiv V, Tenson T. Gluten-degrading bacteria: availability and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3045-3059. [PMID: 33837830 PMCID: PMC8053163 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gluten is a mixture of storage proteins in wheat and occurs in smaller amounts in other cereal grains. It provides favorable structure to bakery products but unfortunately causes disease conditions with increasing prevalence. In the human gastrointestinal tract, gluten is cleaved into proline and gluten rich peptides that are not degraded further. These peptides trigger immune responses that might lead to celiac disease, wheat allergy, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. The main treatment option is a gluten-free diet. Alternatively, using enzymes or microorganisms with gluten-degrading properties might alleviate the disease. These components can be used during food production or could be introduced into the digestive tract as food supplements. In addition, natural food from the environment is known to enrich the microbial communities in gut and natural environmental microbial communities have high potential to degrade gluten. It remains to be investigated if food and environment-induced changes in the gut microbiome could contribute to the triggering of gluten-related diseases. KEY POINTS: • Wheat proteins, gluten, are incompletely digested in human digestive tract leading to gluten intolerance. • The only efficient treatment of gluten intolerance is life-long gluten-free diet. • Environmental bacteria acquired together with food could be source of gluten-degrading bacteria detoxifying undigested gluten peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viia Kõiv
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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4
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Hug JJ, Dastbaz J, Adam S, Revermann O, Koehnke J, Krug D, Müller R. Biosynthesis of Cittilins, Unusual Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-translationally Modified Peptides from Myxococcus xanthus. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2221-2231. [PMID: 32639716 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cittilins are secondary metabolites from myxobacteria comprised of three l-tyrosines and one l-isoleucine forming a bicyclic tetrapeptide scaffold with biaryl and aryl-oxygen-aryl ether bonds. Here we reveal that cittilins belong to the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) family of natural products, for which only the crocagins have been reported from myxobacteria. A 27 amino acid precursor peptide harbors a C-terminal four amino acid core peptide, which is enzymatically modified and finally exported to yield cittilins. The small biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for cittilin biosynthesis also encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme and a methyltransferase, whereas a gene encoding a prolyl endopeptidase for the cleavage of the precursor peptide is located outside of the cittilin biosynthetic gene cluster. We confirm the roles of the biosynthetic genes responsible for the formation of cittilins using targeted gene inactivation and heterologous expression in Streptomyces ssp. We also report first steps toward the biochemical characterization of the proposed biosynthetic pathway in vitro. An investigation of the cellular uptake properties of cittilin A connected it to a potential biological function as an inhibitor of the prokaryotic carbon storage regulator A (CsrA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim J. Hug
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Dastbaz
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adam
- Department Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ole Revermann
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jesko Koehnke
- Department Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Krug
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Lasse C, Azevedo CS, de Araújo CN, Motta FN, Andrade MA, Rocha AP, Sampaio I, Charneau S, Gèze M, Grellier P, Santana JM, Bastos IMD. Prolyl Oligopeptidase From Leishmania infantum: Biochemical Characterization and Involvement in Macrophage Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1060. [PMID: 32547514 PMCID: PMC7271538 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is a flagellated protozoan and one of the main causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis. This disease usually affects the human reticuloendothelial system, can cause death and available therapies may lead to serious side effects. Since it is a neglected tropical disease, the incentives for the development of new drugs are insufficient. It is important to know Leishmania virulence factors that contribute most to the disease in order to develop drugs. In the present work, we have produced L. infantum prolyl oligopeptidase (rPOPLi) in Escherichia coli, and investigated its biochemical properties as well as the effect of POP inhibitors on its enzymatic activity and on the inhibition of the macrophage infection by L. infantum. The optimal activity occurred at pH 7.5 and 37°C in the presence of DTT, the latter increased rPOPLi catalytic efficiency 5-fold on the substrate N-Suc-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-AMC. The enzyme was inhibited by TPCK, TLCK and by two POP specific inhibitors, Z-Pro-prolinal (ZPP, IC50 4.2 nM) and S17092 (IC50 3.5 nM). Besides being a cytoplasmic enzyme, POPLi is also found in punctuate structures within the parasite cytoplasm or associated with the parasite plasma membrane in amastigotes and promastigotes, respectively. Interestingly, S17092 and ZPP prevented parasite invasion in murine macrophages, supporting the involvement of POPLi in the invasive process of L. infantum. These data suggest POPLi as a virulence factor that offers potential as a target for designing new antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lasse
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clênia S Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Carla N de Araújo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia N Motta
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Milene A Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Amanda Pereira Rocha
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Iracyara Sampaio
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Charneau
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marc Gèze
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.,CeMIM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 MCAM, Musèum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Jaime M Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Izabela M D Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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6
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Kula E, Kocadag Kocazorbaz E, Moulahoum H, Alpat S, Zihnioglu F. Extraction and characterization of novel multifunctional peptides from Trachinus Draco (greater weever) myofibrillar proteins with ACE/DPP4 inhibitory, antioxidant, and metal chelating activities. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13179. [PMID: 32153045 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms represent a great source of natural bioactive molecules, from which bioactive peptides are of great importance in biomedicine application in many diseases such as diabetes and its related complications. In this study, greater weever (Trachinus Draco) myofibrillar proteins were sequentially hydrolyzed and the different RP-HPLC purified fractions were tested for potential inhibitory activities of ACE and DPP4, in addition to metal chelation and antioxidant activities. Four fractions were found to have high levels of activity (with two peptides being multifunctional) and were subsequently sequenced using the de novo sequencing method. The results indicate that the peptides are novel and highly effective for each related activity compared to reference molecules. The current findings suggest these multifunctional peptides as promising therapeutics against oxidative stress, hypertension, and diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We have described the finding of two multifunctional bioactive peptides from Trachinus Draco (greater weever) myofibrillar proteins having two or more activities. They have ACE inhibitory, DPP4 inhibitory, antioxidant, and metal chelation activities. These new peptides could be used for future biomedicine applications as a stand-alone treatment, in combination with other molecules, or as a supplement. Furthermore, after identification of their sequence in our work, it would have a great potential to be artificially synthesized. The field of food supplements could be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kula
- Department of Chemistry Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Senol Alpat
- Department of Chemistry Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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7
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Vaquero L, Bernardo D, León F, Rodríguez-Martín L, Alvarez-Cuenllas B, Vivas S. Challenges to drug discovery for celiac disease and approaches to overcome them. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:957-968. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1642321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vaquero
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of León, León, Spain
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology lab, IBGM (University of Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Gut Immunology Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermdades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Rodríguez-Martín
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of León, León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - Santiago Vivas
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of León, León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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8
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Pei J, Wei S, Pei Y, Wu H, Wang D. Role of Dietary Gluten in Development of Celiac Disease and Type I Diabetes: Management Beyond Gluten-Free Diet. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:3555-3576. [PMID: 30963964 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190409120716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gluten triggers Celiac Disease (CD) and type I diabetes in genetically predisposed population of human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8+ and associates with disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Application of a strict gluten-free diet is the only well-established treatment for patients with CD, whereas the treatment for patients with celiac type I diabetes may be depend on the timing and frequency of the diet. The application of a gluten-free diet in patients with CD may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and may also lead to a high glycemic index, low fiber diet and micronutrient deficiencies. The alteration of copper bioavailability (deficient, excess or aberrant coordination) may contribute to the onset and progress of related pathologies. Therefore, nutrient intake of patients on a gluten-free diet should be the focus of future researches. Other gluten-based therapies have been rising with interest such as enzymatic pretreatment of gluten, oral enzyme supplements to digest dietary gluten, gluten removal by breeding wheat varieties with reduced or deleted gluten toxicity, the development of polymeric binders to suppress gluten induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Pei
- Hainan Province Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- Hainan Province Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Hainan Province Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Hainan Province Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Hainan Province Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
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Kumar J, Verma MK, Kumar T, Gupta S, Pandey R, Yadav M, Chauhan NS. S9A Serine Protease Engender Antigenic Gluten Catabolic Competence to the Human Gut Microbe. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:294-300. [PMID: 30013273 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has a significant role in host physiology; however its role in gluten catabolism is debatable. Present study explores the role of human gut microbes in gluten catabolism and a native human gut microbe Cellulomonas sp. HM71 was identified. SSU rDNA analysis has described human gut microbiome structure and also confirmed the permanent residentship of Cellulomonas sp. HM71. Catabolic potential of Cellulomonas sp. HM71 to cleave antigenic gluten peptides indicates presence of candidate gene encoding biocatalytic machinery. Genome analysis has identified the presence of gene encoding S9A serine protease family-prolyl endopeptidase, with Ser591, Asp664 and His685 signature residues. Cellulomonas sp. HM71 prolyl endopeptidase activity was found optimal at pH 7.0 and 37 °C with a KM of 35.53 μmol and specifically cleaves at proline residue. Current study describes the gluten catabolism potential of Cellulomonas sp. HM71 depicting possible role of human gut microbes in gluten catabolism to confer resistance mechanisms for the onset of celiac diseases in populations with gluten diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Verma
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Tarun Kumar
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Shashank Gupta
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD UK
| | - Monika Yadav
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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