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Zhang Z, Guo W, Lu Y, Kang Q, Sui L, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zou X, Li Q. Hypovirulence-associated mycovirus epidemics cause pathogenicity degeneration of Beauveria bassiana in the field. Virol J 2023; 20:255. [PMID: 37924080 PMCID: PMC10623766 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana is used as a biological insecticide worldwide, wild B. bassiana strains with high pathogenicity in the field play an important role in controlling insect pests via not only screening of highly virulent strains but also natural infection, but the pathogenicity degeneration of wild strains severely affected aforementioned effects. Previous studies have showed that multiple factors contributed to this phenomenon. It has been extensively proved that the mycovirus infection caused hypovirulence of phytopathogenic fungi, which has been used for plant disease biocontrol. However, it remains unknown whether the mycovirus epidemics is a key factor causing hypovirulence of B. bassiana naturally in the field. METHODS Wild strains of B. bassiana were collected from different geographic locations in Jilin Province, China, to clarify the epidemic and diversity of the mycoviruses. A mycovirus Beauveria bassiana chrysovirus 2 (BbCV2) we have previously identified was employed to clarify its impact on the pathogenicity of host fungi B. bassiana against the larvae of insect pest Ostrinia furnacalis. The serological analysis was conducted by preparing polyclonal antibody against a BbCV2 coat protein, to determine whether it can dissociate outside the host fungal cells and subsequently infect new hosts. Transcriptome analysis was used to reveal the interactions between viruses and hosts. RESULTS We surprisingly found that the mycovirus BbCV2 was prevalent in the field as a core virus in wild B. bassiana strains, without obvious genetic differentiation, this virus possessed efficient and stable horizontal and vertical transmission capabilities. The serological results showed that the virus could not only replicate within but also dissociate outside the host cells, and the purified virions could infect B. bassiana by co-incubation. The virus infection causes B. bassiana hypovirulence. Transcriptome analysis revealed decreased expression of genes related to insect epidermis penetration, hypha growth and toxin metabolism in B. bassiana caused by mycovirus infection. CONCLUSION Beauveria bassiana infected by hypovirulence-associated mycovirus can spread the virus to new host strains after infecting insects, and cause the virus epidemics in the field. The findings confirmed that mycovirus infection may be an important factor affecting the pathogenicity degradation of B. bassiana in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Kang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132109, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Y, Huang C, Su H, Zhang Z, Chen M, Wang R, Zhang D, Zhang L, Liu M. Luteolin increases susceptibility to macrolides by inhibiting MsrA efflux pump in Trueperella pyogenes. Vet Res 2022; 53:3. [PMID: 35012652 PMCID: PMC8744338 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-01021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of diseases in many domestic animals. Therapeutic treatment options for T. pyogenes infections are becoming limited due to antimicrobial resistance, in which efflux pumps play an important role. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory activity of luteolin, a natural flavonoid, on the MsrA efflux pump and investigate its mechanism. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated that the susceptibility of msrA-positive T. pyogenes isolates to six macrolides increased after luteolin treatment, while the susceptibility of msrA-negative isolates showed no change after luteolin treatment. It is suspected that luteolin may increase the susceptibility of T. pyogenes isolates by inhibiting MsrA activity. After 1/2 MIC luteolin treatment for 36 h, the transcription level of the msrA gene and the expression level of the MsrA protein decreased by 55.0-97.7% and 36.5-71.5%, respectively. The results of an affinity test showed that the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of luteolin and MsrA was 6.462 × 10-5 M, and hydrogen bonding was predominant in the interaction of luteolin and MsrA. Luteolin may inhibit the ATPase activity of the MsrA protein, resulting in its lack of an energy source. The current study illustrates the effect of luteolin on MsrA in T. pyogenes isolates and provides insight into the development of luteolin as an innovative agent in combating infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Menghan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dexian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Feng L, Li W, Wu X, Li X, Yang X, Ran Y, Wu J, Li H. Human Cytomegalovirus UL23 Attenuates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Phosphorylation and Type I Interferon Response. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:692515. [PMID: 34305856 PMCID: PMC8301221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.692515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the human beta-herpesvirus, can cause severe syndromes among both immunocompromised adult patients and newborns. Type I interferon (IFN-I) exerts an important effect to resist infections caused by viruses such as HCMV, while IFN evasion may serve as a key determining factor for viral dissemination and disease occurrence within hosts. In this study, UL23, a tegument protein of HCMV, was confirmed to be a key factor for negatively regulating the type I IFN immune response. A detailed analysis indicated that the viral UL23 protein increases the IFN-I antiviral resistance during HCMV infections. Furthermore, UL23 was shown to significantly reduce the levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and promoter activity of IFN-I-stimulated response element. Mechanically, UL23 was discovered to impair the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation, although it was not found to affect phosphorylation and expression of STAT2, Janus activated kinase 1, or tyrosine kinase 2, which are associated with IFN-I signal transduction pathway. Additionally, a significantly reduced nuclear expression of STAT1 but not of IFN regulatory factor 9 or STAT2 was observed. Findings of this study indicate that HCMV UL23 is a viral antagonist that acts against the cellular innate immunity and reveal a possible novel effect of UL23 on IFN-I signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyuan Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwei Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Ran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Li W, Chai H, Feng L, Deng J, Yang X, Ran Y, Li H. Generation and Application of Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Against Human Cytomegalovirus UL23. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:378-383. [PMID: 32181702 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a paradigm for pathogen-mediated immune evasion. The immune response to HCMV has been intensively studied for many years and still remains the focus of attention for numerous research groups. UL23 is an early gene of HCMV, belonging to the US22 gene family, encoding protein UL23. However, no monoclonal antibodies against to HCMV UL23 protein have been reported to prepare for the research. In this study, we prepared a highly specific monoclonal antibody against UL23 protein by alternately immunizing BALB/C mice with both UL23 recombinant protein and HCMV Towne. Recombinant protein UL23 was used as a detection antigen to screen 305 strains of hybridoma cells. One of them was identified to secrete IgG1 mAb named as 26C5. Western blotting results showed that not only the overexpressed UL23 protein in 293T cells but also the viral UL23 protein in HCMV-infected human foreskin fibroblast cells specifically were recognized by 26C5 mAb. Notably, we found that UL23 protein were enriched by 26C5 mAb in coimmunoprecipitation experiment with high potency and the native form of UL23 protein localizing primarily in the cytoplasm were recognized by 26C5 mAb in immunofluorescence assay with high specificity. The monoclonal antibody obtained in this study lays the foundation for further study of HCMV UL23 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory for Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizi Chai
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory for Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory for Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory for Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Ran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory for Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory for Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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