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Zhang N, Bi S. Effects of physical exercise on food intake and body weight: Role of dorsomedial hypothalamic signaling. Physiol Behav 2018; 192:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Davis XS, Grill H. The hindbrain is a site of energy balance action for prolactin-releasing peptide: feeding and thermic effects from GPR10 stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius/area postrema. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2287-2301. [PMID: 29796829 PMCID: PMC8019516 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a neuropeptide that suppresses food intake and increases body temperature when delivered to the forebrain ventricularly or parenchymally. However, PrRP's receptor GPR10 is widely distributed throughout the brain with particularly high levels found in the dorsomedial hindbrain. Thus, we hypothesized that hindbrain-directed PrRP administration would affect energy balance and motivated feeding behavior. METHODS To address this hypothesis, a range of behavioral and physiologic variables were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats that received PrRP delivered to the fourth ventricle (4V) or the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) at the level of the area postrema (AP). RESULTS 4V PrRP delivery decreased chow intake and body weight, in part, through decreasing meal size in ad libitum maintained rats tested at dark onset. PrRP inhibited feeding when delivered to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), but not to more ventral hindbrain structures. In addition, 4V as well as direct NTS administration of PrRP increased core temperature. By contrast, 4V PrRP did not reduce ad libitum intake of highly palatable food or the motivation to work for or seek palatable foods. CONCLUSIONS The dorsomedial hindbrain and NTS/AP, in particular, are sites of action in PrRP/GPR10-mediated control of chow intake, core temperature, and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. S. Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S. University Avenue, Rm. 327, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - H.J. Grill
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 433 S. University Avenue, Rm. 327, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Keele GR, Prokop JW, He H, Holl K, Littrell J, Deal A, Francic S, Cui L, Gatti DM, Broman KW, Tschannen M, Tsaih SW, Zagloul M, Kim Y, Baur B, Fox J, Robinson M, Levy S, Flister MJ, Mott R, Valdar W, Solberg Woods LC. Genetic Fine-Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes and Variants for Adiposity Traits in Outbred Rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:213-222. [PMID: 29193816 PMCID: PMC5740008 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple diseases and is in part heritable, yet the majority of causative genetic variants that drive excessive adiposity remain unknown. Here, outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats were used in controlled environmental conditions to fine-map novel genetic modifiers of adiposity. METHODS Body weight and visceral fat pad weights were measured in male HS rats that were also genotyped genome-wide. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified by genome-wide association of imputed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes using a linear mixed effect model that accounts for unequal relatedness between the HS rats. Candidate genes were assessed by protein modeling and mediation analysis of expression for coding and noncoding variants, respectively. RESULTS HS rats exhibited large variation in adiposity traits, which were highly heritable and correlated with metabolic health. Fine-mapping of fat pad weight and body weight revealed three QTL and prioritized five candidate genes. Fat pad weight was associated with missense SNPs in Adcy3 and Prlhr and altered expression of Krtcap3 and Slc30a3, whereas Grid2 was identified as a candidate within the body weight locus. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the power of HS rats for identification of known and novel heritable mediators of obesity traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R. Keele
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Hong He
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Katie Holl
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - John Littrell
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Aaron Deal
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Sanja Francic
- University College London Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - Leilei Cui
- University College London Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Karl W. Broman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Michael Tschannen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Maie Zagloul
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yunjung Kim
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brittany Baur
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Joseph Fox
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - Michael J. Flister
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Richard Mott
- University College London Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - William Valdar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
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Quillet R, Ayachi S, Bihel F, Elhabazi K, Ilien B, Simonin F. RF-amide neuropeptides and their receptors in Mammals: Pharmacological properties, drug development and main physiological functions. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 160:84-132. [PMID: 26896564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RF-amide neuropeptides, with their typical Arg-Phe-NH2 signature at their carboxyl C-termini, belong to a lineage of peptides that spans almost the entire life tree. Throughout evolution, RF-amide peptides and their receptors preserved fundamental roles in reproduction and feeding, both in Vertebrates and Invertebrates. The scope of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the RF-amide systems in Mammals from historical aspects to therapeutic opportunities. Taking advantage of the most recent findings in the field, special focus will be given on molecular and pharmacological properties of RF-amide peptides and their receptors as well as on their implication in the control of different physiological functions including feeding, reproduction and pain. Recent progress on the development of drugs that target RF-amide receptors will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Quillet
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Safia Ayachi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Khadija Elhabazi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Ilien
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Onaka T, Takayanagi Y, Leng G. Metabolic and stress-related roles of prolactin-releasing peptide. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:287-93. [PMID: 20122847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the modern world, improvements in human health can be offset by unhealthy lifestyle factors, including the deleterious consequences of stress and obesity. For energy homeostasis, humoral factors and neural afferents from the gastrointestinal tract, in combination with long-term nutritional signals, communicate information to the brain to regulate energy intake and expenditure. Energy homeostasis and stress interact with each other, and stress affects both food intake and energy expenditure. Prolactin-releasing peptide, synthesized in discrete neuronal populations in the hypothalamus and brainstem, plays an important role in integrating these responses. This review describes how prolactin-releasing peptide neurons receive information concerning both internal metabolic states and environmental conditions, and play a key role in energy homeostasis and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Onaka
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan
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Takayanagi Y, Matsumoto H, Nakata M, Mera T, Fukusumi S, Hinuma S, Ueta Y, Yada T, Leng G, Onaka T. Endogenous prolactin-releasing peptide regulates food intake in rodents. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:4014-24. [PMID: 19033670 DOI: 10.1172/jci34682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake is regulated by a network of signals that emanate from the gut and the brainstem. The peripheral satiety signal cholecystokinin is released from the gut following food intake and acts on fibers of the vagus nerve, which project to the brainstem and activate neurons that modulate both gastrointestinal function and appetite. In this study, we found that neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the brainstem that express prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) are activated rapidly by food ingestion. To further examine the role of this peptide in the control of food intake and energy metabolism, we generated PrRP-deficient mice and found that they displayed late-onset obesity and adiposity, phenotypes that reflected an increase in meal size, hyperphagia, and attenuated responses to the anorexigenic signals cholecystokinin and leptin. Hypothalamic expression of 6 other appetite-regulating peptides remained unchanged in the PrRP-deficient mice. Blockade of endogenous PrRP signaling in WT rats by central injection of PrRP-specific mAb resulted in an increase in food intake, as reflected by an increase in meal size. These data suggest that PrRP relays satiety signals within the brain and that selective disturbance of this system can result in obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takayanagi
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Watanabe A, Okuno S, Okano M, Jordan S, Aihara K, Watanabe TK, Yamasaki Y, Kitagawa H, Sugawara K, Kato S. Altered emotional behaviors in the diabetes mellitus OLETF type 1 congenic rat. Brain Res 2007; 1178:114-24. [PMID: 17916333 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GPR10 is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in thalamic and hypothalamic brain regions, including the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) and periventricular nucleus (Pev), and the endogenous ligand for this receptor, prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), has demonstrated regulatory effects on the stress response. We produced a congenic rat by introducing the Dmo1 allele from the OLETF rat which encodes the amino acid sequences of GPR10 with a truncated NH2-terminus, into the Brown-Norway background. Using receptor autoradiography, we determined a lack of specific [125I]PrRP binding in the RTN and Pev of these mutant rats compared to the control rats. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular injection of PrRP did not induce a significant increase of c-fos-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the mutant rats compared to the control rats. The mutant rats also displayed a less anxious-like phenotype in three behavioral-based models of anxiety-like behavior (open field, elevated plus maze and defensive withdrawal test). These data show the mutant congenic rat, of which GPR10 neither binds nor responds to PrRP, expresses less anxious-like phenotypes. On the basis of these observations, the GPR10 might be a novel target for the developing new drugs against anxiety and/or other stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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