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Ávila-Martínez DV, Mixtega-Ruiz WK, Hurtado-Capetillo JM, Lopez-Franco O, Flores-Muñoz M. Counter-regulatory RAS peptides: new therapy targets for inflammation and fibrotic diseases? Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377113. [PMID: 38666016 PMCID: PMC11044688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important cascade of enzymes and peptides that regulates blood pressure, volume, and electrolytes. Within this complex system of reactions, its counter-regulatory axis has attracted attention, which has been associated with the pathophysiology of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This review article analyzes the impact of different components of the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS on different pathologies. Of these peptides, Angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-(1-9) and alamandine have been evaluated in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo studies, where not only they counteract the actions of the classical axis, but also exhibit independent anti-inflammatory and fibrotic actions when binding to specific receptors, mainly in heart, kidney, and lung. Other functional peptides are also addressed, which despite no reports associated with inflammation and fibrosis to date were found, they could represent a potential target of study. Furthermore, the association of agonists of the counter-regulatory axis is analyzed, highlighting their contribution to the modulation of the inflammatory response counteracting the development of fibrotic events. This article shows an overview of the importance of the RAS in the resolution of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, offering an understanding of the individual components as potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V Ávila-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Wendy K Mixtega-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Oscar Lopez-Franco
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Mónica Flores-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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2
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Toxicity Study of 3-Thienylalanine- Ornithine-Proline (TOP) Using as Novel ACE Inhibitor. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Heres A, Yokoyama I, Gallego M, Toldrá F, Arihara K, Mora L. Antihypertensive potential of sweet Ala-Ala dipeptide and its quantitation in dry-cured ham at different processing conditions. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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4
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Borawska-Dziadkiewicz J, Darewicz M, Tarczyńska AS. Properties of peptides released from salmon and carp via simulated human-like gastrointestinal digestion described applying quantitative parameters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255969. [PMID: 34375367 PMCID: PMC8354434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from the classical (experimental) methods, biologically active peptides can be studied via bioinformatics approach, also known as in silico analysis. This study aimed to verify the following research hypothesis: ACE inhibitors and antioxidant peptides can be released from salmon and carp proteins during simulated in silico human-like gastrointestinal digestion. The potential to release biopeptides was evaluated using the BIOPEP-UWM quantitative criteria including the profile of biological activity, frequency of the occurrence (A)/release (AE) of fragments with an ACE inhibitory or antioxidant activity by selected enzymes, and relative frequency of release of bioactive fragments with a given activity by selected enzymes (W). Salmon collagen and myofibrillar proteins of carp turned out to be the best potential source of the searched peptides-ACE inhibitors and antioxidant peptides. Nonetheless, after digestion, the highest numbers of ACE inhibitors and antioxidant peptides were potentially released from the myofibrillar proteins of salmon and carp. Peptide Ranker Score, Pepsite2, and ADMETlab platform were applied to evaluate peptides' bioactivity potential, their safety and drug-like properties. Among the 63 sequences obtained after the simulated digestion of salmon and carp proteins, 30 were considered potential biopeptides. The amino acid sequences of ACE-inhibiting and antioxidant peptides were predominated by P, G, F, W, R, and L. The predicted high probability of absorption of most analyzed peptides and their low toxicity should be considered as their advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Borawska-Dziadkiewicz
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Food Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Darewicz
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Food Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Sylwia Tarczyńska
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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5
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Li Y, Yuan S, Yong X, zhao T, Liu J. Research progress on small peptides in Chinese Baijiu. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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6
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Hajfathalian M, Ghelichi S, García-Moreno PJ, Moltke Sørensen AD, Jacobsen C. Peptides: Production, bioactivity, functionality, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:3097-3129. [PMID: 29020461 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1352564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of peptides with various effects from proteins of different sources continues to receive academic attention. Researchers of different disciplines are putting increasing efforts to produce bioactive and functional peptides from different sources such as plants, animals, and food industry by-products. The aim of this review is to introduce production methods of hydrolysates and peptides and provide a comprehensive overview of their bioactivity in terms of their effects on immune, cardiovascular, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. Moreover, functional and antioxidant properties of hydrolysates and isolated peptides are reviewed. Finally, industrial and commercial applications of bioactive peptides including their use in nutrition and production of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hajfathalian
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sakhi Ghelichi
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark.,b Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Science , Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources , Gorgan , Iran
| | - Pedro J García-Moreno
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Ann-Dorit Moltke Sørensen
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- a Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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7
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Dias J, Axelband F, Lara LS, Muzi-Filho H, Vieyra A. Is angiotensin-(3-4) (Val-Tyr), the shortest angiotensin II-derived peptide, opening new vistas on the renin-angiotensin system? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2017; 18:1470320316689338. [PMID: 28097883 PMCID: PMC5843854 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316689338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-(3−4) (Ang-(3−4) or Val-Tyr) is the shorter angiotensin (Ang) II-derived peptide, formed through successive hydrolysis that culminates with the release of Val-Tyr as a dipeptide. It is formed both in plasma and in kidney from Ang II and Ang III, and can be considered a component of the systemic and organ-based renin–angiotensin system. It is potently antihypertensive in humans and rats, and its concerted actions on proximal tubule cells culminate in the inhibition of fluid reabsorption, hyperosmotic urinary excretion of Na+. At the renal cell signaling level, Ang-(3−4) counteracts Ang II-type 1 receptor-mediated responses by acting as an allosteric enhancer in Ang II-type 2 receptor populations that target adenosine triphosphate-dependent Ca2+ and Na+ transporters through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dias
- 1 National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,2 Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lucienne S Lara
- 3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,4 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Humberto Muzi-Filho
- 2 Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Vieyra
- 2 Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,5 Translational Biomedicine Graduate Program, Grande Rio University, Brazil
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Tanaka T, Takagi K, Saddam HM, Takeda Y, Wakayama M. Purification and Characterization of Elizabethkingia L-Amino Acid Esterase: an Enzyme Useful for Enzymatic Synthesis of the Dipeptide, Valyl-Glycine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:362-373. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Chakrabarti S, Wu J. Bioactive peptides on endothelial function. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Yamada A, Sakurai T, Ochi D, Mitsuyama E, Yamauchi K, Abe F. Antihypertensive effect of the bovine casein-derived peptide Met-Lys-Pro. Food Chem 2014; 172:441-6. [PMID: 25442576 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antihypertensive effect of the bovine casein-derived peptide Met-Lys-Pro (MKP) was examined in vitro and in vivo. MKP showed angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 = 0.43 μM). An in vivo kinetics study using radiolabeled Met-[1-(14)C]Lys-Pro ((14)C-MKP) showed that orally administered (14)C-MKP to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was absorbed and moved into the plasma. In vitro vasoconstriction of thoracic aorta preparations, which was induced by adding angiotensin I, was reduced by prior exposure of MKP. A single oral dose of MKP lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs, and repeated oral administration of MKP for 28 days significantly lowered SBP of SHRs. The results obtained in the present study suggest that orally administrated MKP can be absorbed into the plasma and its ACE-inhibitory activity may contribute to induce the antihypertensive effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Yamada
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Takuma Sakurai
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ochi
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Eri Mitsuyama
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
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Dias J, Ferrão FM, Axelband F, Carmona AK, Lara LS, Vieyra A. ANG-(3-4) inhibits renal Na+-ATPase in hypertensive rats through a mechanism that involves dissociation of ANG II receptors, heterodimers, and PKA. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F855-63. [PMID: 24523384 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00488.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of ANG-(3-4) (Val-Tyr), a potent ANG II-derived peptide, remain largely unknown. The present study 1)investigates whether ANG-(3-4) modulates ouabain-resistant Na(+)-ATPase resident in proximal tubule cells and 2) verifies whether its possible action on pumping activity, considered the fine tuner of Na(+) reabsorption in this nephron segment, depends on blood pressure. ANG-(3-4) inhibited Na(+)-ATPase activity in membranes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at nanomolar concentrations, with no effect in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats or on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. PD123319 (10(-7) M) and PKA(5-24) (10(-6) M), an AT2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist and a specific PKA inhibitor, respectively, abrogated this inhibition, indicating that AT2R and PKA are central in this pathway. Despite the lack of effect of ANG-(3-4) when assayed alone in WKY rats, the peptide (10(-8) M) completely blocked stimulation of Na(+)-ATPase induced by 10(-10) M ANG II in normotensive rats through a mechanism that also involves AT2R and PKA. Tubular membranes from WKY rats had higher levels of AT2R/AT1R heterodimers, which remain associated in 10(-10) M ANG II and dissociate to a very low dimerization state upon addition of 10(-8) M ANG-(3-4). This lower level of heterodimers was that found in SHR, and heterodimers did not dissociate when the same concentration of ANG-(3-4) was present. Oral administration of ANG-(3-4) (50 mg/kg body mass) increased urinary Na(+) concentration and urinary Na(+) excretion with a simultaneous decrease in systolic arterial pressure in SHR, but not in WKY rats. Thus the influence of ANG-(3-4) on Na(+) transport and its hypotensive action depend on receptor association and on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dias
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal Univ. of Rio de Janeiro and National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.
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12
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Fernández-Musoles R, Castelló-Ruiz M, Arce C, Manzanares P, Ivorra MD, Salom JB. Antihypertensive mechanism of lactoferrin-derived peptides: angiotensin receptor blocking effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:173-181. [PMID: 24354413 DOI: 10.1021/jf404616f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Looking for antihypertensive mechanisms beyond ACE inhibition, we assessed whether lactoferrin (LF)-derived peptides can act as receptor blockers to inhibit vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II or endothelin-1. The lactoferricin B (LfcinB)-derived peptide LfcinB20-25 (RRWQWR), the low molecular weight LF hydrolysate (LFH < 3 kDa), and two peptides identified in LFH < 3 kDa (LIWKL and RPYL) were tested in ex vivo assays of vasoactive responses. The peptide RPYL was tested in radioligand receptor binding assays. Both LFH < 3 kDa and individual peptides inhibited angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. RPYL showed the highest ex vivo inhibitory effect and also inhibited binding of [(125)I]-(Sar(1),Ile(8))-angiotensin II to AT1 receptors. By contrast, neither LFH < 3 kDa nor RPYL inhibited endothelin-1 and depolarization-induced vasoconstrictions. In conclusion, LF-derived peptides selectively inhibit angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction by blocking angiotensin AT1 receptors. Therefore, inhibition of angiotensin II-induced vasocontriction is suggested as a mechanism contributing along with ACE inhibition to the antihypertensive effect of some LF-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-Musoles
- Departamento de Biotecnologı́a de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquı́mica y Tecnologı́a de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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Novel probiotic-fermented milk with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides produced by Bifidobacterium bifidum MF 20/5. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Medina-Godoy S, Rodríguez-Yáñez SK, Bobadilla NA, Pérez-Villalva R, Valdez-Ortiz R, Hong E, Luna-Suárez S, Paredes-López O, Valdez-Ortiz A. Antihypertensive activity of AMC3, an engineered 11S amaranth globulin expressed in Escherichia coli, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Sulfur-Containing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor 3-Thienylalanine-Ornithyl-Proline Activates Endothelial Function and Expression of Genes Involved in Renin–Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:311-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318280e16e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Application of 13C stable isotope labeling liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-tandem mass spectrometry method for determining intact absorption of bioactive dipeptides in rats. Anal Biochem 2011; 414:109-16. [PMID: 21377441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MRM-MS/MS) method using (13)C stable isotope-labeled dipeptides was newly developed to simultaneously determine the absorption of three antihypertensive peptides (Val-Tyr, Met-Tyr, and Leu-Tyr) into blood of spontaneously hypertensive rats in one run-in assay. After extracting (13)C-labeled peptides in blood sample with a C(18) cartridge, the extract was applied to a (13)C monoisotopic transition LC-MRM-MS/MS system with D-Val-Tyr included as internal standard. An excellent separation of each dipeptide in LC was achieved at the elution condition of 5-100% methanol in 0.1% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. The (13)C-labeled peptides ionized by electron spray were detected in the positive ion mode within 15 min. The established method showed high reproducibility with less than 10% coefficient of variation as well as high accuracy of more than 85%. After the administration of a mixture containing the three (13)C-labeled dipeptides to rats at each dose of 30 mg/kg, we could successfully determine the intact absorption of each (13)C-labeled peptide with the maximal absorption amount of 1.1 ng/ml plasma for Val-Tyr by the proposed LC-MRM-MS/MS method.
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Herregods G, Van Camp J, Morel N, Ghesquière B, Gevaert K, Vercruysse L, Dierckx S, Quanten E, Smagghe G. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of gelatin hydrolysates and identification of bioactive peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:552-558. [PMID: 21174470 DOI: 10.1021/jf1037823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this project we report on the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity of a bovine gelatin hydrolysate (Bh2) that was submitted to further hydrolysis by different enzymes. The thermolysin hydrolysate (Bh2t) showed the highest in vitro ACE inhibitory activity, and interestingly a marked in vivo blood pressure-lowering effect was demonstrated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In contrast, Bh2 showed no effect in SHR, confirming the need for the extra thermolysin hydrolysis. Hence, an angiotensin I-evoked contractile response in isolated rat aortic rings was inhibited by Bh2t, but not by Bh2, suggesting ACE inhibition as the underlying antihypertensive mechanism for Bh2t. Using mass spectrometry, seven small peptides, AG, AGP, VGP, PY, QY, DY and IY or LY or HO-PY were identified in Bh2t. As these peptides showed ACE inhibitory activity and were more prominent in Bh2t than in Bh2, the current data provide evidence that these contribute to the antihypertensive effect of Bh2t.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griet Herregods
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Vercruysse L, Van Camp J, Morel N, Rougé P, Herregods G, Smagghe G. Ala-Val-Phe and Val-Phe: ACE inhibitory peptides derived from insect protein with antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Peptides 2010; 31:482-8. [PMID: 19524628 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the stability/bioavailability and in vivo antihypertensive activity of the tripeptide, Ala-Val-Phe, that was recently purified from insect protein (Spodoptera littoralis; Lepidoptera) and that showed in vitro angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. This tripeptide is partly hydrolyzed by mucosal peptidases to Val-Phe, a more potent in vitro ACE inhibitor. In organ bath experiments using rat aorta, Val-Phe showed ACE inhibition, while Ala-Val-Phe did not. Single oral administration (5mg/kg body weight) to spontaneously hypertensive rats led to a significant decrease in blood pressure for both peptides. Docking experiments indicated an active character for Val-Phe and an inactive character for Ala-Val-Phe as potential inhibitors of human ACE. From our results, it can be suggested that after oral administration of Ala-Val-Phe, Val-Phe is released by in vivo peptidases and is responsible for in vivo activity of Ala-Val-Phe. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of in vivo antihypertensive activity of peptides derived from insect protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Vercruysse
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lam LH, Shimamura T, Manabe S, Ishiyama M, Ukeda H. Assay of angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibiting activity based on the detection of 3-hydroxybutyrate with water-soluble tetrazolium salt. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:1057-60. [PMID: 18689950 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A newly synthesized substrate, 3-hydroxybutyrylglycyl-glycyl-glycine (3HB-GGG), was applied to the assay of ACE-inhibiting activity to overcome the smaller selectivity and sensitivity of the conventional method. In this study, an ACE-inhibiting assay was improved by the use of a water-soluble tetrazolium salt, 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate sodium salt (WST-1), for the detection of 3-hydroxybutyrate, derived from 3HB-GGG. The optimized conditions were as follows: 0.333 mM NAD(+), 0.333 mM WST-1, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.633 U ml(-1) diaphorase, and 0.700 U ml(-1) 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. The developed assay was efficiently applicable to evaluate the ACE-inhibiting activity of practical ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hoang Lam
- Department of Bioresources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Monobe B-200, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan
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