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Cancelarich NL, Arrulo M, Gugliotti ST, Barbosa EA, Moreira DC, Basso NG, Pérez LO, Teixeira C, Gomes P, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, Eaton P, Leite JRSA, Marani MM. First Bioprospecting Study of Skin Host-Defense Peptides in Odontophrynus americanus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024. [PMID: 38900961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The adaptation of amphibians to diverse environments is closely related to the characteristics of their skin. The complex glandular system of frog skin plays a pivotal role in enabling these animals to thrive in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats and consists of crucial functions such as respiration and water balance as well as serving as a defensive barrier due to the secretion of bioactive compounds. We herein report the first investigation on the skin secretion of Odontophrynus americanus, as a potential source of bioactive peptides and also as an indicator of its evolutionary adaptations to changing environments. Americanin-1 was isolated and identified as a neutral peptide exhibiting moderate antibacterial activity against E. coli. Its amphipathic sequence including 19 amino acids and showing a propensity for α-helix structure is discussed. Comparisons of the histomorphology of the skin of O. americanus with other previously documented species within the same genus revealed distinctive features in the Patagonian specimen, differing from conspecifics from other Argentine provinces. The presence of the Eberth-Katschenko layer, a prevalence of iridophores, and the existence of glycoconjugates in its serous glands suggest that the integument is adapted to retain skin moisture. This adaptation is consistent with the prevailing aridity of its native habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Cancelarich
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Argentina U9120ACD
| | - Miriam Arrulo
- School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Eder A Barbosa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, LSAB, Instituto de Química-UnB, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Néstor G Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus), CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Argentina U9120ACD
| | - Luis Orlando Pérez
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas (IPCSH), CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Argentina U9120ACD
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Gyros Protein Technologies, Inc., Tucson, Arizona 85714, United States
| | - Paula Gomes
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Eaton
- Bridge, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7EL, United Kingdom
| | - José R S A Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariela M Marani
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Argentina U9120ACD
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Chen J, Yu CG, Zhou MM, Zhang GJ, Su HL, Ding GH, Wei L, Lin ZH, Ma L. An esculentin-1 homolog from a dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) possesses antibacterial and immunoregulatory properties. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:164. [PMID: 38678277 PMCID: PMC11055230 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esculentin-1, initially discovered in the skin secretions of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae), has demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity; however, its immunomodulatory properties have received little attention. RESULTS In the present study, esculentin-1 cDNA was identified by analysing the skin transcriptome of the dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus). Esculentin-1 from this species (esculentin-1PN) encompasses a signal peptide, an acidic spacer peptide, and a mature peptide. Sequence alignments with other amphibian esculentins-1 demonstrated conservation of the peptide, and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed its closest genetic affinity to esculentin-1P, derived from the Fukien gold-striped pond frog (Pelophylax fukienensis). Esculentin-1PN transcripts were observed in various tissues, with the skin exhibiting the highest mRNA levels. Synthetic esculentin-1PN demonstrated antibacterial activity against various pathogens, and esculentin-1PN exhibited bactericidal activity by disrupting cell membrane integrity and hydrolyzing genomic DNA. Esculentin-1PN did not stimulate chemotaxis in RAW264.7, a murine leukemic monocyte/macrophage cell line. However, it amplified the respiratory burst and augmented the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene (TNF-α and IL-1β) expression in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS This novel finding highlights the immunomodulatory activity of esculentin-1PN on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Ci-Gang Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Min-Min Zhou
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Gao-Jian Zhang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Hai-Long Su
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Guo-Hua Ding
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Li Wei
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
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García FA, Fuentes TF, Alonso IP, Bosch RA, Brunetti AE, Lopes NP. A Comprehensive Review of Patented Antimicrobial Peptides from Amphibian Anurans. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:600-616. [PMID: 38412091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Since the 1980s, studies of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from anuran skin secretions have unveiled remarkable structural diversity and a wide range of activities. This study explores the potential of these peptides for drug development by examining granted patents, amino acid modifications related to patented peptides, and recent amphibians' taxonomic updates influencing AMP names. A total of 188 granted patents related to different anuran peptides were found, with Asia and North America being the predominant regions, contributing 65.4% and 15.4%, respectively. Conversely, although the Neotropical region is the world's most diversified region for amphibians, it holds only 3.7% of the identified patents. The antimicrobial activities of the peptides are claimed in 118 of these 188 patents. Additionally, for 160 of these peptides, 66 patents were registered for the natural sequence, 69 for both natural and derivative sequences, and 20 exclusively for sequence derivatives. Notably, common modifications include alterations in the side chains of amino acids and modifications to the peptides' N- and C-termini. This review underscores the biomedical potential of anuran-derived AMPs, emphasizing the need to bridge the gap between AMP description and practical drug development while highlighting the urgency of biodiversity conservation to facilitate biomedical discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Almeida García
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/no, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Talia Frómeta Fuentes
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 Street No. 455, Vedado 10400, Cuba
| | - Isel Pascual Alonso
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, 25 Street No. 455, Vedado 10400, Cuba
| | - Roberto Alonso Bosch
- Natural History Museum Felipe Poey, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Vedado 10400, Cuba
| | - Andrés E Brunetti
- Institute of Subtropical Biology (CONICET-UNAM), National University of Misiones, Posadas N3300LQH, Argentina
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/no, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Samgina TY, Vasileva ID, Trebše P, Torkar G, Surin AK, Meng Z, Zubarev RA, Lebedev AT. Tandem Mass Spectrometry de novo Sequencing of the Skin Defense Peptides of the Central Slovenian Agile Frog Rana dalmatina. Molecules 2023; 28:7118. [PMID: 37894596 PMCID: PMC10608968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides released on frogs' skin in a stress situation represent their only weapon against micro-organisms and predators. Every species and even population of frog possesses its own peptidome being appropriate for their habitat. Skin peptides are considered potential pharmaceuticals, while the whole peptidome may be treated as a taxonomic characteristic of each particular population. Continuing the studies on frog peptides, here we report the peptidome composition of the Central Slovenian agile frog Rana dalmatina population. The detection and top-down de novo sequencing of the corresponding peptides was conducted exclusively by tandem mass spectrometry without using any chemical derivatization procedures. Collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher energy collision-induced dissociation (HCD), electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and combined MS3 method EThcD with stepwise increase of HCD energy were used for that purpose. MS/MS revealed the whole sequence of the detected peptides including differentiation between isomeric Leu/Ile, and the sequence portion hidden in the disulfide cycle. The array of the discovered peptide families (brevinins 1 and 2, melittin-related peptides (MRPs), temporins and bradykinin-related peptides (BRPs)) is quite similar to that of R. temporaria. Since the genome of this frog remains unknown, the obtained results were compared with the recently published transcriptome of R. dalmatina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu. Samgina
- Department of Materials Science, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 517182, China
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina D. Vasileva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana Zdravstvena Pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Gregor Torkar
- Department for Biology, Chemistry and Home Economics, University of Ljubljana Faculty of Education, Kardeljeva Ploščad 16, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Alexey K. Surin
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Biometry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (Z.M.); (R.A.Z.)
| | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Biometry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (Z.M.); (R.A.Z.)
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Albert T. Lebedev
- Department of Materials Science, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 517182, China
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Temporins: Multifunctional Peptides from Frog Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065426. [PMID: 36982501 PMCID: PMC10049141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporins are short peptides secreted by frogs from all over the world. They exert antimicrobial activity, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant pathogens; recent studies highlight other possible applications of these peptides as anticancer or antiviral agents. This review is meant to describe the main features of temporins produced by different ranid genera. Due to the abundance of published papers, we focus on the most widely investigated peptides. We report studies on their mechanism of action and three-dimensional structure in model systems mimicking bacterial membranes or in the presence of cells. The design and the antimicrobial activity of peptide analogues is also described, with the aim of highlighting elements that are crucial to improve the bioactivity of peptides while reducing their toxicity. Finally, a short section is dedicated to the studies aimed at applying these peptides as drugs, to produce new antimicrobial materials or in other technological uses.
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Peptidomic analysis of the host-defense peptides in skin secretions of the Amazon River frog Lithobates palmipes (Ranidae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101069. [PMID: 36868141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin secretions of certain frog species represent a source of host-defense peptides (HDPs) with therapeutic potential and their primary structures provide insight into taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. Peptidomic analysis was used to characterize the HDPs in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Amazon River frog Lithobates palmipes (Ranidae) collected in Trinidad. A total of ten peptides were purified and identified on the basis of amino acid similarity as belonging to the ranatuerin-2 family (ranatuerin-2PMa, -2PMb, -2PMc, and-2PMd), the brevinin-1 family (brevinin-1PMa, -1PMb, -1PMc and des(8-14)brevinin-1PMa) and the temporin family (temporin-PMa in C-terminally amidated and non-amidated forms). Deletion of the sequence VAAKVLP from brevinin-1PMa (FLPLIAGVAAKVLPKIFCAISKKC) in des[(8-14)brevinin-1PMa resulted in a 10-fold decrease in potency against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 31 μM compared with 3 μM) and a > 50-fold decrease in hemolytic activity but potency against Echerichia coli was maintained (MIC = 62.5 μM compared with 50 μM). Temporin-PMa (FLPFLGKLLSGIF.NH2) inhibited growth of S. aureus (MIC = 16 μM) but the non-amidated form of the peptide lacked antimicrobial activity. Cladistic analysis based upon the primary structures of ranaturerin-2 peptides supports the division of New World frogs of the family Ranidae into the genera Lithobates and Rana. A sister-group relationship between L. palmipes and Warszewitsch's frog Lithobates warszewitschii is indicated within a clade that includes the Tarahumara frog Lithobates tarahumarae. The study has provided further evidence that peptidomic analysis of HDPs in frog skin secretions is a valuable approach to elucidation of the evolutionary history of species within a particular genus.
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Silva PSE, Guindo AS, Oliveira PHC, de Moraes LFRN, Boleti APDA, Ferreira MA, de Oliveira CFR, Macedo MLR, Rossato L, Simionatto S, Migliolo L. Evaluation of the Synthetic Multifunctional Peptide Hp-MAP3 Derivative of Temporin-PTa. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:42. [PMID: 36668862 PMCID: PMC9866994 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, antimicrobial peptides isolated from amphibian toxins have gained attention as new multifunctional drugs interacting with different molecular targets. We aimed to rationally design a new peptide from temporin-PTa. Hp-MAP3 (NH2-LLKKVLALLKKVL-COOH), net charge (+4), hydrophobicity (0.69), the content of hydrophobic residues (69%), and hydrophobic moment (0.73). For the construction of the analog peptide, the physicochemical characteristics were reorganized into hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues with the addition of lysines and leucines. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 2.7 to 43 μM against the growth of Gram-negative and positive bacteria, and the potential for biofilm eradication was 173.2 μM. Within 20 min, the peptide Hp-MAP3 (10.8 μM) prompted 100% of the damage to E. coli cells. At 43.3 μM, eliminated 100% of S. aureus within 5 min. The effects against yeast species of the Candida genus ranged from 5.4 to 86.6 μM. Hp-MAP3 presents cytotoxic activity against tumor HeLa at a concentration of 21.6 μM with an IC50 of 10.4 µM. Furthermore, the peptide showed hemolytic activity against murine erythrocytes. Structural studies carried out by circular dichroism showed that Hp-MAP3, while in the presence of 50% trifluoroethanol or SDS, an α-helix secondary structure. Finally, Amphipathic Hp-MAP3 building an important model for the design of new multifunctional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Souza e Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexya Sandim Guindo
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Cardoso Oliveira
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Ferreira
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Unidade de Tecnologia de Alimentos e da Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Ligia Rodrigues Macedo
- Laboratório de Purificação de Proteínas e suas Funções Biológicas, Unidade de Tecnologia de Alimentos e da Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Rossato
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, Dourados 79825-070, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados UFGD, Dourados 79825-070, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Tian M, Wang K, Liang Y, Chai J, Wu J, Zhang H, Huang X, Chen X, Xu X. The first Brevinin-1 antimicrobial peptide with LPS-neutralizing and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1102576. [PMID: 36937273 PMCID: PMC10020232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide is one important component of the first protective barrier of organisms. They not only have potent antimicrobial activity which can protect the body from the invading pathogens, but also participate in the immune regulation of the body. In this study, a Brevinin-1 peptide named by Brevinin-1GHd was identified from Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and the similarity of mature peptide sequence among Brevinin-1GHd, Brevinin-1HL and Brevinin-1GHa supported the close species relationship between H. rugulosus, Hylarana latouchii and Hylarana guertheri. Moreover, the secondary structure of Brevinin-1GHd was found to possess α-helical characteristics and high thermal stability. In addition, Brevinin-1GHd could bind to LPS with a Kd value of 6.49 ± 5.40 mM and suppress the release of TNF-α, NO, IL-6 and IL-1β by inactivation of MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. Furtherly, Brevinin-1GHd had a significant inhibitory effect on acute edema development in the right paw of mice injected by carrageenan. Thus, the significant LPS-neutralizing and anti-inflammatory activities of Brevinin-1GHd were demonstrated in this study, which made it become the first Brevinin-1 family peptide with anti-inflammatory activity reported so far, and the biological activity of Brevinin-1GHd made it promising to be a novel therapeutic drug for infectious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiena Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Xin Chen,
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xueqing Xu,
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Associating Biological Activity and Predicted Structure of Antimicrobial Peptides from Amphibians and Insects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121710. [PMID: 36551368 PMCID: PMC9774241 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse class of short, often cationic biological molecules that present promising opportunities in the development of new therapeutics to combat antimicrobial resistance. Newly developed in silico methods offer the ability to rapidly discover numerous novel AMPs with a variety of physiochemical properties. Herein, using the rAMPage AMP discovery pipeline, we bioinformatically identified 51 AMP candidates from amphibia and insect RNA-seq data and present their in-depth characterization. The studied AMPs demonstrate activity against a panel of bacterial pathogens and have undetected or low toxicity to red blood cells and human cultured cells. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that 30 of these bioactive peptides belong to either the Brevinin-1, Brevinin-2, Nigrocin-2, or Apidaecin AMP families. Prediction of three-dimensional structures using ColabFold indicated an association between peptides predicted to adopt a helical structure and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative and Gram-positive species tested in our panel. These findings highlight the utility of associating the diverse sequences of novel AMPs with their estimated peptide structures in categorizing AMPs and predicting their antimicrobial activity.
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Samgina TY, Vasileva ID, Trebse P, Torkar G, Surin AK, Meng Z, Zubarev RA, Lebedev AT. Mass Spectrometry Differentiation between Rana arvalis Populations Based on Their Skin Peptidome Composition. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1480-1491. [PMID: 35820801 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Skin secretion of amphibians often represents the only weapon of these species against pathogens and predators. Peptides constitute the major portion of active molecules of that weapon and may be treated as potential pharmaceuticals for future generations. The first step of their efficient use involves establishing of their primary structure, i.e., sequencing. De novo sequencing by means of mass spectrometry was applied to Rana arvalis species, collected in the spring 2021 in Central Slovenia (vicinity of Ljubljana). HPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS with Orbitrap instruments was used to establish the skin peptidome of these species and compare it with the earlier identified skin peptidome of the Moscow population of Rana arvalis. Application of CID, HCD, ETD, and EThcD enabled detecting and sequencing 18 peptides; five of them were novel and may be treated as possible biomarkers of the Ljubljana population of Rana arvalis. Interestingly, representatives of two peptide families (temporins and brevinins 2) were not found in the Moscow population. MS3 modes, first of all EThcD, demonstrated their great potential in the de novo sequencing, including extraction of the sequence information from the intact peptides with disulfide cycle (rana box) in their structure and differentiation of isomeric Leu/Ile residues. Thus, all six isomeric residues were reliably distinguished in the novel melittin-related peptide AK-23-1. In addition, another post-translational modification dealing with carbonylation of the N-terminal Gly of novel temporin AVa was established using the MS3 mode. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the use of MS3 tools in proteomics/peptidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu Samgina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Irina D Vasileva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Polonca Trebse
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
- MASSECO d.o.o. Erazmova 20, Postojna 6230, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Torkar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Education, Department for Biology, Chemistry and Home Economics, Kardeljeva ploščad 16, Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
| | - Alexey K Surin
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 6, Pushchino, Moscow 142290, Russia
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Biometry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177 Sweden
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Biometry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177 Sweden
| | - Albert T Lebedev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991 Russia
- MASSECO d.o.o. Erazmova 20, Postojna 6230, Slovenia
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11
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Targeted Modification and Structure-Activity Study of GL-29, an Analogue of the Antimicrobial Peptide Palustrin-2ISb. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081048. [PMID: 36009917 PMCID: PMC9405102 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as promising antimicrobial agents due to their potent bioactivity. Palustrin-2 peptides were previously found to exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with low haemolytic activity. Therefore, GL-29 was used as a template for further modification and study. Firstly, the truncated analogue, GL-22, was designed to examine the function of the ‘Rana box’, which was confirmed to have no impact on antimicrobial activity. The results of antimicrobial activity assessment against seven microorganisms demonstrated GL-22 to have a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, but weak potency against Candida albicans (C. albicans). These data were similar to those of GL-29, but GL-22 showed much lower haemolysis and lower cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells. Moreover, GL-22 exhibited potent in vivo activity at 4 × MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected larvae. Several short analogues, from the C-terminus and N-terminus of GL-22, were modified to identify the shortest functional motif. However, the results demonstrated that the shorter peptides did not exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, and the factors that affect the bioactive potency of these short analogues need to be further studied.
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12
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Zhao Y, Wang XY, Sun Y, Li Z, Liu T, Liu QM, Chen J. Truncated analog Brevinin2-CE-N26V5K: Revelation the Augmentation of Antimicrobial Activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:162. [PMID: 35834028 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brevinin2-CE (B2CE), a natural peptide containing 37 amino acids, was first isolated from the skin secretions of the Chinese forest frog Rana chensinensis. B2CE shows good antibacterial activity. In this study, a series of B2CE analogs with differences in cationicity, α-helicity, hydrophobicity and amphipathic properties were designed through chain-length deletion and amino acid substitution. The most potent, nontoxic analog, B2CE-N26V5K, was identified by examination of its antibacterial activity, hemolytic activity, and stability under physiological conditions. The increased cationicity, hydrophobicity and more obvious hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface of B2CE-N26-N16WA18KG23K did not improve the antibacterial activity but increased the hemolytic activity of this modified peptide. The helicity might promote antibacterial activity for brevinin-2 peptides, as the 15-aa analogs with lower helicity show decreased potency against different test bacteria (approximately 2- to 72-fold) compared to B2CE-N26V5K. Additionally, the results indicated that the "Rana box" does not affect the antimicrobial activity of brevinin-2 peptides, as B2CE, B2CE-nonDS and B2CE-C31-37 S have similar strong inhibitory effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, the "Rana box" does affect the hemolytic activity, as the HC50 values of the 3 peptides range from 25 ~ 130 µM. Furthermore, B2CE-N26V5K caused obvious morphological alterations of the bacterial surfaces, as shown by atomic force microscopy. Additionally, B2CE-N26V5K exhibited strong membrane-disrupting activity when examined using the LIVE/DEAD Bac Light Bacterial Viability Kit. Thus, the antibacterial effect of B2CE-N26V5K on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria may be caused by cell membrane attack. In conclusion, the excellent candidate B2CE-N26V5K was obtained and has application prospects as a novel anti-infective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Mei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, P. R. China
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13
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Abstract
Natural products offer an important avenue to novel therapeutics against drug-resistant bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and cancer. However, there are numerous hurdles and challenges in discovering such molecules, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). While a thorough characterization of AMPs is limited by the amount of material, existing technology, and researcher's expertise, peptide classification is complicated by incomplete information as well as different methods proposed for AMPs from bacteria, plants, and animals. This article describes unified classification schemes for natural AMPs on a common platform: the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD; https://aps.unmc.edu). The various criteria for these unified classifications include peptide biological source, biosynthesis machinery, biological activity, amino acid sequence, mechanism of action, and three-dimensional structure. To overcome the problem with a limited number of known 3D structures, a universal peptide classification has also been refined and executed in the APD database. This universal method, based on the spatial connection patterns of polypeptide chains, is independent of peptide source, size, activity, 3D structure, or mechanism of action. It facilitates information registration, naming, exchange, decoding, prediction, and design of novel antimicrobial peptides.
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14
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Samgina TY, Vasileva ID, Kovalev SV, Trebse P, Torkar G, Surin AK, Zubarev RA, Lebedev AT. Differentiation of Central Slovenian and Moscow populations of Rana temporaria frogs using peptide biomarkers of temporins family. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5333-5347. [PMID: 34235566 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin secretion represents the only means of defense for the majority of frog species. That phenomenon is based on the fact that the main components of the secretion are peptides demonstrating greatly varying types of bioactivity. They fulfill regulatory functions, fight microorganisms and may be even helpful against predators. These peptides are considered to be rather promising pharmaceuticals of future generation as according to the present knowledge microorganisms are unlikely to develop resistance to them. Mass spectrometry sequencing of these peptides is the most efficient first step of their study providing reliably their primary structures, i.e., amino acids sequence and S-S bond motif. Besides discovering new bioactive peptides, mass spectrometry appears to be an efficient tool of taxonomy studies, allowing for distinguishing not only between closely related species, but also between populations of the same species. Application of several tandem mass spectrometry tools (CID, HCD, ETD, EThcD) available with Orbitrap mass analyzer allowed us to obtain full sequence of about 60 peptides in the secretion of Slovenian population of brown ranid frog Rana temporaria. The problem of sequence inside C-terminal cycle formed by two Cys and differentiation of isomeric Leu and Ile residues was done in top-down mode without any derivatization steps. Besides general biomarkers of Rana temporaria species, Central Slovenian population of Rana temporaria demonstrates six novel temporins and one brevinin 1, which may be treated as biomarkers of that population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu Samgina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I D Vasileva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Kovalev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - P Trebse
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Torkar
- Department for Biology, Chemistry and Home Economics, University of Ljubljana Faculty of Education, Kardeljeva ploščad 16, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A K Surin
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki 6, Pushchino, Moscow, 142290, Russia
| | - R A Zubarev
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Biometry, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - A T Lebedev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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15
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Kurpe SR, Grishin SY, Surin AK, Panfilov AV, Slizen MV, Chowdhury SD, Galzitskaya OV. Antimicrobial and Amyloidogenic Activity of Peptides. Can Antimicrobial Peptides Be Used against SARS-CoV-2? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9552. [PMID: 33333996 PMCID: PMC7765370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, much attention is paid to the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of natural and artificial origin to combat pathogens. AMPs have several points that determine their biological activity. We analyzed the structural properties of AMPs, as well as described their mechanism of action and impact on pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Recently published data on the development of new AMP drugs based on a combination of molecular design and genetic engineering approaches are presented. In this article, we have focused on information on the amyloidogenic properties of AMP. This review examines AMP development strategies from the perspective of the current high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the potential prospects and challenges of using AMPs against infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav R. Kurpe
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Sergei Yu. Grishin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Alexey K. Surin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
- The Branch of the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Panfilov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Mikhail V. Slizen
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Saikat D. Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India;
| | - Oxana V. Galzitskaya
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.R.K.); (S.Y.G.); (A.K.S.); (A.V.P.); (M.V.S.)
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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16
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Identification of New Ocellatin Antimicrobial Peptides by cDNA Precursor Cloning in the Frame of This Family of Intriguing Peptides. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110751. [PMID: 33138046 PMCID: PMC7693824 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocellatins are a family of antimicrobial peptides found exclusively in the Leptodactylus genus. To date, 10 species have been studied and more than 23 peptides described. Here we report the sequences of five new peptides from the skin of the frog Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) determined by cDNA cloning of the complete prepro-peptide structures. The mature peptides were characterized with in silico tools and compared with those previously described. With 21 amino acid residues, this new set of peptides not previously described in the Leptodactylus genus share between 100 and 76.2% similarity to ocellatin antimicrobial peptides. These novel peptides are cationic and their three-dimensional (3D) structure holds the highly conserved residues G1, D4, K7, and K11 and a high theoretical amphipathic α-helix content. Furthermore, in silico analyses of these new peptides predicted antimicrobial activity. This study is framed in the context of previous work published about ocellatins, and therefore, provides a review of this intriguing family of peptides.
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17
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Functional Characterization of Temporin-SHe, a New Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial and Leishmanicidal Temporin-SH Paralog from the Sahara Frog ( Pelophylax saharicus). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186713. [PMID: 32933215 PMCID: PMC7555312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian skin is a promising natural resource for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), key effectors of innate immunity with attractive therapeutic potential to fight antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Our previous studies showed that the skin of the Sahara Frog (Pelophylax saharicus) contains broad-spectrum AMPs of the temporin family, named temporins-SH. Here, we focused our study on temporin-SHe, a temporin-SHd paralog that we have previously identified in this frog but was never structurally and functionally characterized. We synthesized and determined the structure of temporin-SHe. This non-amphipathic α-helical peptide was demonstrated to strongly destabilize the lipid chain packing of anionic multilamellar vesicles mimicking bacterial membranes. Investigation of the antimicrobial activity revealed that temporin-SHe targets Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including clinical isolates of multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Temporin-SHe exhibited also antiparasitic activity toward different Leishmania species responsible for visceral leishmaniasis, as well as cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms. Functional assays revealed that temporin-SHe exerts bactericidal effects with membrane depolarization and permeabilization, via a membranolytic mechanism observed by scanning electron microscopy. Temporin-SHe represents a new member of the very limited group of antiparasitic temporins/AMPs. Despite its cytotoxicity, it is nevertheless an interesting tool to study the AMP antiparasitic mechanism and design new antibacterial/antiparasitic agents.
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18
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Ogawa D, Suzuki M, Inamura Y, Saito K, Hasunuma I, Kobayashi T, Kikuyama S, Iwamuro S. Antimicrobial Property and Mode of Action of the Skin Peptides of the Sado Wrinkled Frog, Glandirana susurra, against Animal and Plant Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080457. [PMID: 32751229 PMCID: PMC7460468 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sado wrinkled frog Glandirana susurra has recently been classified as a new frog species endemic to Sado Island, Japan. In this study, we cloned 12 cDNAs encoding the biosynthetic precursors for brevinin-2SSa–2SSd, esculentin-2SSa, ranatuerin-2SSa, brevinin-1SSa–1SSd, granuliberin-SSa, and bradykinin-SSa from the skin of G. susurra. Among these antimicrobial peptides, we focused on brevinin-2SSb, ranatuerin-2SSa, and granuliberin-SSa, using their synthetic replicates to examine their activities against different reference strains of pathogenic microorganisms that infect animals and plants. In broth microdilution assays, brevinin-2SSb displayed antimicrobial activities against animal pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans and plant pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and Pyricularia oryzae. Ranatuerin-2SSa and granuliberin-SSa were active against C. albicans and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and granuliberin-SSa also was active against the other plant pathogenic microbes. Scanning electron microscopic observations demonstrated that brevinin-2SSb, ranatuerin-2SSa, and granuliberin-SSa induced morphological abnormalities on the cell surface in a wide range of the reference pathogens. To assess the bacterial-endotoxin-binding ability of the peptides, we developed an enzyme-linked endotoxin-binding assay system and demonstrated that brevinin-2SSb and ranatuerin-2SSa both exhibited high affinity to lipopolysaccharide and moderate affinity to lipoteichoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Manami Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Yuriko Inamura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Kaito Saito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Itaru Hasunuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan;
| | - Sakae Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
| | - Shawichi Iwamuro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (D.O.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (K.S.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-472-5206
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19
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Casciaro B, Cappiello F, Loffredo MR, Ghirga F, Mangoni ML. The Potential of Frog Skin Peptides for Anti-Infective Therapies: The Case of Esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1405-1419. [PMID: 31333082 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190722095408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are the key effectors of the innate immunity and represent promising molecules for the development of new antibacterial drugs. However, to achieve this goal, some problems need to be overcome: (i) the cytotoxic effects at high concentrations; (ii) the poor biostability and (iii) the difficulty in reaching the target site. Frog skin is one of the richest natural storehouses of AMPs, and over the years, many peptides have been isolated from it, characterized and classified into several families encompassing temporins, brevinins, nigrocins and esculentins. In this review, we summarized how the isolation/characterization of peptides belonging to the esculentin-1 family drove us to the design of an analogue, i.e. esculentin-1a(1-21)NH2, with a powerful antimicrobial action and immunomodulatory properties. The peptide had a wide spectrum of activity, especially against the opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We described the structural features and the in vitro/in vivo biological characterization of this peptide as well as the strategies used to improve its biological properties. Among them: (i) the design of a diastereomer carrying Damino acids in order to reduce the peptide's cytotoxicity and improve its half-life; (ii) the covalent conjugation of the peptide to gold nanoparticles or its encapsulation into poly(lactide- co-glycolide) nanoparticles; and (iii) the peptide immobilization to biomedical devices (such as silicon hydrogel contact lenses) to obtain an antibacterial surface able to reduce microbial growth and attachment. Summing up the best results obtained so far, this review traces all the steps that led these frog-skin AMPs to the direction of peptide-based drugs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Casciaro
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@ Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Cappiello
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano Science@ Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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20
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Cancelarich NL, Wilke N, Fanani MAL, Moreira DC, Pérez LO, Alves Barbosa E, Plácido A, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Relvas JB, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, Basso NG, Leite JR, Marani MM. Somuncurins: Bioactive Peptides from the Skin of the Endangered Endemic Patagonian Frog Pleurodema somuncurense. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:972-984. [PMID: 32134261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The skin glands of amphibian species hold a major component of their innate immunity, namely a unique set of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Although most of them have common characteristics, differences in AMP sequences allow a huge repertoire of biological activity with varying degrees of efficacy. We present the first study of the AMPs from Pleurodema somuncurence (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae). Among the 11 identified mature peptides, three presented antimicrobial activity. Somuncurin-1 (FIIWPLRYRK), somuncurin-2 (FILKRSYPQYY), and thaulin-3 (NLVGSLLGGILKK) inhibited Escherichia coli growth. Somuncurin-1 also showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Biophysical membrane model studies revealed that this peptide had a greater permeation effect in prokaryotic-like membranes and capacity to restructure liposomes, suggesting fusogenic activity, which could lead to cell aggregation and disruption of cell morphology. This study contributes to the characterization of peptides with new sequences to enrich the databases for the design of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of investing in nature conservation and the power of genetic description as a strategy to identify new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L Cancelarich
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IPEEC-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Natalia Wilke
- Departamento de Quı́mica Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quı́mica Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Marı A L Fanani
- Departamento de Quı́mica Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Quı́mica Biológica de Córdoba, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luis O Pérez
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IPCSH-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Eder Alves Barbosa
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brası́lia 70770-917, Brazil
- Laboratório de Sı́ntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica, Faculdade de Ciéncias da Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Néstor G Basso
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IDEAus-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - José R Leite
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brası́lia, Brası́lia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Mariela M Marani
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (IPEEC-CONICET), Bv. Almirante Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
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Malik E, Phoenix DA, Badiani K, Snape TJ, Harris F, Singh J, Morton LHG, Dennison SR. Biophysical studies on the antimicrobial activity of linearized esculentin 2EM. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183141. [PMID: 31790693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Linearized esculentin 2 EM (E2EM-lin) from the frog, Glandirana emeljanovi was highly active against Gram-positive bacteria (minimum lethal concentration ≤ 5.0 μM) and strongly α-helical in the presence of lipid mimics of their membranes (>55.0%). The N-terminal α-helical structure adopted by E2EM-lin showed the potential to form a membrane interactive, tilted peptide with an hydrophobicity gradient over residues 9 to 23. E2EM-lin inserted strongly into lipid mimics of membranes from Gram-positive bacteria (maximal surface pressure changes ≥5.5 mN m-1), inducing increased rigidity (Cs-1 ↑), thermodynamic instability (ΔGmix < 0 → ΔGmix > 0) and high levels of lysis (>50.0%). These effects appeared to be driven by the high anionic lipid content of membranes from Gram-positive bacteria; namely phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL) species. The high levels of α-helicity (60.0%), interaction (maximal surface pressure change = 6.7 mN m-1) and lysis (66.0%) shown by E2EM-lin with PG species was a major driver in the ability of the peptide to lyse and kill Gram-positive bacteria. E2EM-lin also showed high levels of α-helicity (62.0%) with CL species but only low levels of interaction (maximal surface pressure change = 2.9 mN m-1) and lysis (21.0%) with the lipid. These combined data suggest that E2EM-lin has a specificity for killing Gram-positive bacteria that involves the formation of tilted structure and appears to be primarily driven by PG-mediated membranolysis. These structure/function relationships are used to help explain the pore forming process proposed to describe the membranolytic, antibacterial action of E2EM-lin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Malik
- School of Forensic and Applied Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - David A Phoenix
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Kamal Badiani
- Pepceuticals Limited, 4 Feldspar Close, Warrens Park, Enderby, Leicestershire LE19 4JS, UK
| | - Timothy J Snape
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Applied Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Jaipaul Singh
- School of Forensic and Applied Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Leslie Hugh Glyn Morton
- School of Forensic and Applied Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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Patocka J, Nepovimova E, Klimova B, Wu Q, Kuca K. Antimicrobial Peptides: Amphibian Host Defense Peptides. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5924-5946. [PMID: 30009702 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713125314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are one of the most common components of the innate immune system that protect multicellular organisms against microbial invasion. The vast majority of AMPs are isolated from the frog skin. Anuran (frogs and toads) skin contains abundant AMPs that can be developed therapeutically. Such peptides are a unique but diverse group of molecules. In general, more than 50% of the amino acid residues form the hydrophobic part of the molecule. Normally, there are no conserved structural motifs responsible for activity, although the vast majority of the AMPs are cationic due to the presence of multiple lysine residues; this cationicity has a close relationship with antibacterial activity. Notably, recent evidence suggests that synthesis of AMPs in frog skin may confer an advantage on a particular species, although they are not essential for survival. Frog skin AMPs exert potent activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, protozoa, yeasts, and fungi by permeating and destroying the plasma membrane and inactivating intracellular targets. Importantly, since they do not bind to a specific receptor, AMPs are less likely to induce resistance mechanisms. Currently, the best known amphibian AMPs are esculentins, brevinins, ranacyclins, ranatuerins, nigrocin-2, magainins, dermaseptins, bombinins, temporins, and japonicins-1 and -2, and palustrin-2. This review focuses on these frog skin AMPs and the mechanisms underlying their antimicrobial activity. We hope that this review will provide further information that will facilitate further study of AMPs and cast new light on novel and safer microbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Patocka
- Department of Radiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klimova
- Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Romero SM, Cardillo AB, Martínez Ceron MC, Camperi SA, Giudicessi SL. Temporins: An Approach of Potential Pharmaceutic Candidates. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2019; 21:309-322. [PMID: 31804896 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2019.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides, are small and mostly polycationic molecules that form part of the innate immune response. There are currently more than 3000 experimentally reported AMPs. Particularly in frogs, the temporin family has been discovered as potential AMPs. The aim of this work is to review the latest publications about this class of peptides, discuss their properties, and present an update of the last studies and new discoveries in the field. More than 130 temporins have been identified in this family. The most studied temporins are temporin A (TA), temporin B (TB), and temporin L (TL). These peptides showed antimicrobial activity against gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Since the discovery of temporins in 1996, several groups of researchers isolated different peptides from various species of frogs that were included as members of this family. Although antimicrobial activity of many temporins has not been analyzed yet, most of them showed antimicrobial and antifungal activities. A combination of nanotechnology and AMPs for temporins in different antimicrobial treatments could be a promising alternative for resistant pathogens. These studies demonstrate that, even with the advancement in scientific research on the composition and antimicrobial activity of temporins, further studies are necessary to wholly understand their components and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris Romero
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Beatriz Cardillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Camila Martínez Ceron
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Andrea Camperi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Laura Giudicessi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Mechkarska M, Kolodziejek J, Musale V, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Nowotny N, Conlon JM. Peptidomic analysis of the host-defense peptides in skin secretions of Rana graeca provides insight into phylogenetic relationships among Eurasian Rana species. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 29:228-234. [PMID: 30599276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Greek stream frog Rana graeca Boulenger, 1891 led to the identification and structural characterization of a range of host-defense peptides. These comprised brevinin-1GRa, brevinin-1GRb and an N-terminally extended form of brevinin-1GRb, ranatuerin-2GR together with its oxidized form and (11-28) fragment, temporin-GRa, temporin-GRb and its non-amidated form, and a melittin-related peptide, MRP-GR and its (1-18) fragment. The most abundant peptide, MRP-GR significantly (P < 0.001) stimulated insulin release from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells at concentrations ≥0.1 nM. Rana graeca (formerly Rana graeca graeca) and the morphologically similar Italian stream frog Rana italica Dubois, 1987 (formerly Rana graeca italica) were originally regarded as sub-species. However, the primary structures of the host defense peptides from both frogs support the claim based upon comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of S1 satellite DNA that R. graeca and R. italica are separate species. Cladistic analyses based upon the primary structures of the brevinin-1 and ranatuerin-2 peptides from Eurasian frogs indicate a close phylogenetic relationship between R. graeca and Rana latastei whereas R. italica is most closely related to Rana dalmatina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vishal Musale
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Laurent Coquet
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U1239, PRIMACEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - J Michael Conlon
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, N. Ireland, UK.
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26
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Dong B, Cheng RQ, Liu QY, Wang J, Fan ZC. Multimer of the antimicrobial peptide Mytichitin-A expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exerts a broader antibacterial spectrum and increased potency. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:175-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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27
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Ogawa D, Mochitate M, Furukawa M, Hasunuma I, Kobayashi T, Kikuyama S, Iwamuro S. Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides Brevinin-1ULf and Ulmin-1ULa in the Skin of the Newly Classified Ryukyu Brown Frog Rana ulma. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:523-531. [PMID: 29219046 DOI: 10.2108/zs170084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were previously isolated from the skin of the Ryukyu brown frog Rana okinavana. However, this species has recently been reclassified as two species, i.e., Rana kobai and Rana ulma. As a result, it was determined that AMPs isolated from R. okinavana were in fact products of R. kobai, but not of R. ulma. In the present study, we collected skin samples from the species R. ulma and cloned twelve cDNAs encoding AMP precursors for the acyclic brevinin-1ULa--1ULf, the temporin-ULa-ULc, ranatuerin-2ULa, japonicin-1ULa, and a novel peptide using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. The deduced amino acid sequence of the novel peptide had a high similarity to those of Rana chensinensis chensinin-1CEa--1CEc, which were cloned by Zhao et al. ( 2011 ), but had a low similarity with R. chensinensis chensinin-1, which was cloned by Shang et al. ( 2009 ). To avoid confusion with these two different chensinin-1 families, we termed our peptide ulmin-1. Among these peptides, we focused on two peptides, brevinin-1ULf and ulmin-1ULa, and examined the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of their synthetic replicates. In broth microdilution assays, growth inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans were detected for brevinin-1ULf but not for ulmin-1ULa, whereas scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that both peptides induce morphological abnormalities in these microbes. In addition, binding activity of ulmin-1ULa to the bacterial cell wall component lipoteichoic acid was higher than that of brevinin-1ULf. In contrast, hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of brevinin-1ULf were stronger than those of ulmin-1ULa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ogawa
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maki Mochitate
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maho Furukawa
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hasunuma
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- 2 Department of Regulatory Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Sakae Kikuyama
- 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shawichi Iwamuro
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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28
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Conlon JM, Musale V, Attoub S, Mangoni ML, Leprince J, Coquet L, Jouenne T, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Flatt PR, Rinaldi AC. Cytotoxic peptides with insulin-releasing activities from skin secretions of the Italian stream frog Rana italica (Ranidae). J Pept Sci 2017; 23:769-776. [PMID: 28699258 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from Italian stream frog Rana italica led to the purification and characterization of two host-defense peptides differing by a single amino acid residue belonging to the brevinin-1 family (brevinin-1ITa and -1ITb), a peptide belonging to the temporin family (temporin-ITa) and a component identified as prokineticin Bv8. The secretions contained relatively high concentrations of the methionine-sulphoxide forms of brevinin-1ITa and -1ITb suggesting that these peptides may have a role as antioxidants in the skin of this montane frog. Brevinin-1ITa (IVPFLLGMVPKLVCLITKKC) displayed potent cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells (LC50 = 18 μM), breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells (LC50 = 8 μM) and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells (LC50 = 18 μM), but the peptide was also strongly hemolytic against mouse erythrocytes (LC50 = 7 μM). Temporin-ITa (VFLGAIAQALTSLLGKL.NH2 ) was between three and fivefold less potent against these cells. Brevinin-1ITa inhibited growth of both Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli as well as a strain of the opportunist yeast pathogen Candida parapsilosis, whereas temporin-ITa was active only against S. epidermidis and C. parapsilosis. Both peptides stimulated the release of insulin from BRIN-BD11 clonal β-cells at concentrations ≥1 nM, but brevinin-1ITa was cytotoxic to the cells at concentrations ≥3 μM. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Vishal Musale
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Samir Attoub
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm U982, PRIMACEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Laurent Coquet
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS UMR 6270, PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandy University, 76000, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Andrea C Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, (CA), Italy
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Marani MM, Perez LO, de Araujo AR, Plácido A, Sousa CF, Quelemes PV, Oliveira M, Gomes-Alves AG, Pueta M, Gameiro P, Tomás AM, Delerue-Matos C, Eaton P, Camperi SA, Basso NG, de Souza de Almeida Leite JR. Thaulin-1: The first antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin of a Patagonian frog Pleurodema thaul (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) with activity against Escherichia coli. Gene 2017; 605:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Vasu S, McGahon MK, Moffett RC, Curtis TM, Conlon JM, Abdel-Wahab YHA, Flatt PR. Esculentin-2CHa(1-30) and its analogues: stability and mechanisms of insulinotropic action. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:423-435. [PMID: 28115493 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-releasing effects, cellular mechanisms of action and anti-hyperglycaemic activity of 10 analogues of esculentin-2CHa lacking the cyclic C-terminal domain (CKISKQC) were evaluated. Analogues of the truncated peptide, esculentin-2CHa(1-30), were designed for plasma enzyme resistance and increased biological activity. Effects of those analogues on insulin release, cell membrane integrity, membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP levels were determined using clonal BRIN-BD11 cells. Their acute effects on glucose tolerance were investigated using NIH Swiss mice. d-Amino acid substitutions at positions 7(Arg), 15(Lys) and 23(Lys) and fatty acid (l-octanoate) attachment to Lys at position 15 of esculentin-2CHa(1-30) conveyed resistance to plasma enzyme degradation whilst preserving insulin-releasing activity. Analogues, [d-Arg7,d-Lys15,d-Lys23]-esculentin-2CHa(1-30) and Lys15-octanoate-esculentin-2CHa(1-30), exhibiting most promising profiles and with confirmed effects on both human insulin-secreting cells and primary mouse islets were selected for further analysis. Using chemical inhibition of adenylate cyclase, protein kinase C or phospholipase C pathways, involvement of PLC/PKC-mediated insulin secretion was confirmed similar to that of CCK-8. Diazoxide, verapamil and Ca2+ omission inhibited insulin secretion induced by the esculentin-2CHa(1-30) analogues suggesting an action on KATP and Ca2+ channels also. Consistent with this, the analogues depolarised the plasma membrane and increased intracellular Ca2+ Evaluation with fluorescent-labelled esculentin-2CHa(1-30) indicated membrane action, with internalisation; however, patch-clamp experiments suggested that depolarisation was not due to the direct inhibition of KATP channels. Acute administration of either analogue to NIH Swiss mice improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin release similar to that observed with GLP-1. These data suggest that multi-acting analogues of esculentin-2CHa(1-30) may prove useful for glycaemic control in obesity-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividya Vasu
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Mary K McGahon
- Centre for Experimental MedicineQueens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Centre for Experimental MedicineQueens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Michael Conlon
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Yasser H A Abdel-Wahab
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & DiabetesSchool of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
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31
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Meng DM, Zhao JF, Ling X, Dai HX, Guo YJ, Gao XF, Dong B, Zhang ZQ, Meng X, Fan ZC. Recombinant expression, purification and antimicrobial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide PaDef in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 130:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Malik E, Dennison SR, Harris F, Phoenix DA. pH Dependent Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins, Their Mechanisms of Action and Potential as Therapeutic Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040067. [PMID: 27809281 PMCID: PMC5198042 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent antibiotics of the innate immune system that have been extensively investigated as a potential solution to the global problem of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. A group of AMPs that are increasingly being reported are those that utilise pH dependent antimicrobial mechanisms, and here we review research into this area. This review shows that these antimicrobial molecules are produced by a diverse spectrum of creatures, including vertebrates and invertebrates, and are primarily cationic, although a number of anionic examples are known. Some of these molecules exhibit high pH optima for their antimicrobial activity but in most cases, these AMPs show activity against microbes that present low pH optima, which reflects the acidic pH generally found at their sites of action, particularly the skin. The modes of action used by these molecules are based on a number of major structure/function relationships, which include metal ion binding, changes to net charge and conformational plasticity, and primarily involve the protonation of histidine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues at low pH. The pH dependent activity of pore forming antimicrobial proteins involves mechanisms that generally differ fundamentally to those used by pH dependent AMPs, which can be described by the carpet, toroidal pore and barrel-stave pore models of membrane interaction. A number of pH dependent AMPs and antimicrobial proteins have been developed for medical purposes and have successfully completed clinical trials, including kappacins, LL-37, histatins and lactoferrin, along with a number of their derivatives. Major examples of the therapeutic application of these antimicrobial molecules include wound healing as well as the treatment of multiple cancers and infections due to viruses, bacteria and fungi. In general, these applications involve topical administration, such as the use of mouth washes, cream formulations and hydrogel delivery systems. Nonetheless, many pH dependent AMPs and antimicrobial proteins have yet to be fully characterized and these molecules, as a whole, represent an untapped source of novel biologically active agents that could aid fulfillment of the urgent need for alternatives to conventional antibiotics, helping to avert a return to the pre-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Malik
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - David A Phoenix
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK.
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Davis LR, Klonoski K, Rutschow HL, Van Wijk KJ, Sun Q, Haribal MM, Saporito RA, Vega A, Rosenblum EB, Zamudio KR, Robertson JM. Host Defense Skin Peptides Vary with Color Pattern in the Highly Polymorphic Red-Eyed Treefrog. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Calhoun DM, Woodhams D, Howard C, LaFonte BE, Gregory JR, Johnson PTJ. Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Amphibian Defense Against Trematode Infection. ECOHEALTH 2016; 13:383-91. [PMID: 26911920 PMCID: PMC4996749 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to the immune defenses of many vertebrates, including amphibians. As larvae, amphibians are often exposed to the infectious stages of trematode parasites, many of which must penetrate the host's skin, potentially interacting with host AMPs. We tested the effects of the natural AMPs repertoires on both the survival of trematode infectious stages as well as their ability to infect larval amphibians. All five trematode species exhibited decreased survival of cercariae in response to higher concentrations of adult bullfrog AMPs, but no effect when exposed to AMPs from larval bullfrogs. Similarly, the use of norepinephrine to remove AMPs from larval bullfrogs, Pacific chorus frogs, and gray treefrogs had only weak (gray treefrogs) or non-significant (other tested species) effects on infection success by Ribeiroia ondatrae. We nonetheless observed strong differences in parasite infection as a function of both host stage (first- versus second-year bullfrogs) and host species (Pacific chorus frogs versus gray treefrogs) that were apparently unrelated to AMPs. Taken together, our results suggest that AMPs do not play a significant role in defending larval amphibians against trematode cercariae, but that they could be one mechanism helping to prevent infection of post-metamorphic amphibians, particularly for highly aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Calhoun
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Doug Woodhams
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Cierra Howard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Bryan E LaFonte
- George Washington University Law School, George Washington University, 2000 H St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jacklyn R Gregory
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Ramaley N122 CB334, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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Mangoni ML, McDermott AM, Zasloff M. Antimicrobial peptides and wound healing: biological and therapeutic considerations. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:167-73. [PMID: 26738772 PMCID: PMC4789108 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repair of tissue wounds is a fundamental process to re-establish tissue integrity and regular function. Importantly, infection is a major factor that hinders wound healing. Multicellular organisms have evolved an arsenal of host-defense molecules, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), aimed at controlling microbial proliferation and at modulating the host's immune response to a variety of biological or physical insults. In this brief review, we provide the evidence for a role of AMPs as endogenous mediators of wound healing and their promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of non-life-threatening skin and other epithelial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, IT
| | - Alison M. McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Zasloff
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA
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Lakshmaiah Narayana J, Chen JY. Antimicrobial peptides: Possible anti-infective agents. Peptides 2015; 72:88-94. [PMID: 26048089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections are major health threats. The Infectious Diseases Society of America has expressed concern on the decrease of pharmaceutical companies working on antibiotic research and development. However, small companies, along with academic research institutes, are stepping forward to develop novel therapeutic methods to overcome the present healthcare situation. Among the leading alternatives to current drugs are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are abundantly distributed in nature. AMPs exhibit broad-spectrum activity against a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, and even cancerous cells. They also show potential immunomodulatory properties, and are highly responsive to infectious agents and innate immuno-stimulatory molecules. In recent years, many AMPs have undergone or are undergoing clinical development, and a few are commercially available for topical and other applications. In this review, we outline selected anion and cationic AMPs which are at various stages of development, from preliminary analysis to clinical drug development. Moreover, we also consider current production methods and delivery tools for AMPs, which must be improved for the effective use of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Lakshmaiah Narayana
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica and National Sun-Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan.
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Mangoni ML, Luca V, McDermott AM. Fighting microbial infections: A lesson from amphibian skin-derived esculentin-1 peptides. Peptides 2015; 71:286-95. [PMID: 25959536 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing emergence of resistance to commercially available antibiotics/antimycotics in virtually all clinical microbial pathogens, the discovery of alternative anti-infective agents, is greatly needed. Gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold promise as novel therapeutics. In particular, amphibian skin is one of the richest storehouses of AMPs, especially that of the genus Rana, with esculentins-1 being among the longest (46 amino acids) AMPs found in nature to date. Here, we report on the recently discovered in vitro and in vivo activities and mechanism of action of two derivatives of the N-terminal part of esculentin-1a and -1b peptides, primarily against two relevant opportunistic microorganisms causing a large number of life-threatening infections worldwide; i.e. the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast Candida albicans. Because of distinct advantages compared to several mammalian AMPs, the two selected frog skin AMP-derivatives represent attractive candidates for the development of new antimicrobial compounds with expanded properties, for both human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Luca
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Host Defense Peptides from Asian Frogs as Potential Clinical Therapies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:136-59. [PMID: 27025618 PMCID: PMC4790330 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are currently major focal points of medical research as infectious microbes are gaining resistance to existing drugs. They are effective against multi-drug resistant pathogens due to their unique primary target, biological membranes, and their peculiar mode of action. Even though HDPs from 60 Asian frog species belonging to 15 genera have been characterized, research into these peptides is at a very early stage. The purpose of this review is to showcase the status of peptide research in Asia. Here we provide a summary of HDPs from Asian frogs.
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König E, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Shaw C. The diversity and evolution of anuran skin peptides. Peptides 2015; 63:96-117. [PMID: 25464160 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians exhibit various, characteristic adaptations related to their "incomplete" shift from the aquatic to the terrestrial habitat. In particular, the integument was subject to a number of specialized modifications during the evolution of these animals. In this review, we place special emphasis on endogenous host-defence skin peptides from the cuteanous granular glands anuran amphibians (frogs and toads). The overview on the two broad groups of neuroactive and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) goes beyond a simple itemization in that we provide a new perspective into the evolution and function of anuran AMPs. Briefly, these cationic, amphipathic and α-helical peptides are traditionally viewed as being part of the innate immune system, protecting the moist skin against invading microorganisms through their cytolytic action. However, the complete record of anuran species investigated to date suggests that AMPs are distributed sporadically (i.e., non-universally) across Anura. Together with the intriguing observation that virtually all anurans known to produce neuropeptides in their granular glands also co-secrete cytolytic peptides, we call the traditional role for AMPs as being purely antimicrobial into question and present an alternative scenario. We hypothesize AMPs to assist neuroactive peptides in their antipredator role through their cytolytic action increasing the delivery of the latter to the endocrine and nervous system of the predator. Thus, AMPs are more accurately viewed as cytolysins and their contribution to the immune system is better regarded as an accessory benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico König
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU - Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf R P Bininda-Emonds
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU - Fakultät V, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chris Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Center, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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Holden WM, Reinert LK, Hanlon SM, Parris MJ, Rollins-Smith LA. Development of antimicrobial peptide defenses of southern leopard frogs, Rana sphenocephala, against the pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:65-75. [PMID: 25218643 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian species face the growing threat of extinction due to the emerging fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes the disease chytridiomycosis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced in granular glands of the skin are an important defense against this pathogen. Little is known about the ontogeny of AMP production or the impact of AMPs on potentially beneficial symbiotic skin bacteria. We show here that Rana (Lithobates) sphenocephala produces a mixture of four AMPs with activity against B. dendrobatidis, and we report the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of synthesized replicates of these four AMPs tested against B. dendrobatidis. Using mass spectrometry and protein quantification assays, we observed that R. sphenocephala does not secrete a mature suite of AMPs until approximately 12 weeks post-metamorphosis, and geographically disparate populations produce a different suite of peptides. Use of norepinephrine to induce maximal secretion significantly reduced levels of culturable skin bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney M Holden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Laura K Reinert
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shane M Hanlon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Matthew J Parris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Louise A Rollins-Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Abstract
Peptides with diverse amino acid sequences, structures, and functions are essential players in biological systems. The construction of well-annotated databases not only facilitates effective information management, search, and mining but also lays the foundation for developing and testing new peptide algorithms and machines. The antimicrobial peptide database (APD) is an original construction in terms of both database design and peptide entries. The host defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) registered in the APD cover the five kingdoms (bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals) or three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota). This comprehensive database ( http://aps.unmc.edu/AP ) provides useful information on peptide discovery timeline, nomenclature, classification, glossary, calculation tools, and statistics. The APD enables effective search, prediction, and design of peptides with antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, insecticidal, spermicidal, anticancer activities, chemotactic, immune modulation, or antioxidative properties. A universal classification scheme is proposed herein to unify innate immunity peptides from a variety of biological sources. As an improvement, the upgraded APD makes predictions based on the database-defined parameter space and provides a list of the sequences most similar to natural AMPs. In addition, the powerful pipeline design of the database search engine laid a solid basis for designing novel antimicrobials to combat resistant superbugs, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This comprehensive AMP database is a useful tool for both research and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986495 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA,
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42
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Molecular Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Functional Characterization of Palustrin-2CE, an Antimicrobial Peptide ofRana chensinensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:157-62. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Grimm S, Ghavami S, Davoodpour P, Asoodeh A, Los MJ. An overview of Brevinin superfamily: structure, function and clinical perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 818:197-212. [PMID: 25001538 PMCID: PMC7123920 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are the backbone of first-line defense against various microorganisms in the animal kingdom. Thus, not surprisingly, they are gaining attention in the science and medical fields as a rich repository of new pro-drugs. Below, we focus our attention on the Brevinin family of anuran peptides. While most of them show strong antibacterial activities, some, e.g. Brevinin-2R, appear to be promising anticancer molecules, exhibiting better a therapeutic window than widely-use anticancer drugs like doxorubicin. We briefly introduce the field, followed by highlighting the promising therapeutic properties of Brevinins. Next, we provide information about the cloning and phylogenetic aspects of Brevinin genes. In the final paragraphs of this chapter, we discuss possible large-scale production methods of Brevinins, giving examples of some systems that are already in use. Towards the end, we discuss various means of modification of biologic properties of Brevinins, either by chemical modifications or by amino acid substitution and sequence rearrangements. In this context, also other unique properties of Brevinins are briefly mentioned. Finally, we discuss the future of the Brevinin field, particularly highlighting yet to be answered biologic questions, like for example presumed anti-viral and antitumor activities of Brevinin family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grimm
- grid.7445.20000000121138111Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Matthijs S, Ye L, Stijlemans B, Cornelis P, Bossuyt F, Roelants K. Low structural variation in the host-defense peptide repertoire of the dwarf clawed frog Hymenochirus boettgeri (Pipidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e86339. [PMID: 24466037 PMCID: PMC3899252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
THE skin secretion of many amphibians contains peptides that are able to kill a broad range of microorganisms (antimicrobial peptides: AMPs) and potentially play a role in innate immune defense. Similar to the toxin arsenals of various animals, amphibian AMP repertoires typically show major structural variation, and previous studies have suggested that this may be the result of diversifying selection in adaptation to a diverse spectrum of pathogens. Here we report on transcriptome analyses that indicate a very different pattern in the dwarf clawed frog H. boettgeri. Our analyses reveal a diverse set of transcripts containing two to six tandem repeats, together encoding 14 distinct peptides. Five of these have recently been identified as AMPs, while three more are shown here to potently inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria, including multi-drug resistant strains of the medically important Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although the number of predicted peptides is similar to the numbers of related AMPs in Xenopus and Silurana frog species, they show significantly lower structural variation. Selection analyses confirm that, in contrast to the AMPs of other amphibians, the H. boettgeri peptides did not evolve under diversifying selection. Instead, the low sequence variation among tandem repeats resulted from purifying selection, recent duplication and/or concerted gene evolution. Our study demonstrates that defense peptide repertoires of closely related taxa, after diverging from each other, may evolve under differential selective regimes, leading to contrasting patterns of structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine Matthijs
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lumeng Ye
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group of Microbiology and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group of Microbiology and Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Franky Bossuyt
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim Roelants
- Amphibian Evolution Lab, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Conlon JM, Kolodziejek J, Mechkarska M, Coquet L, Leprince J, Jouenne T, Vaudry H, Nielsen PF, Nowotny N, King JD. Host defense peptides from Lithobates forreri, Hylarana luctuosa, and Hylarana signata (Ranidae): phylogenetic relationships inferred from primary structures of ranatuerin-2 and brevinin-2 peptides. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2014; 9:49-57. [PMID: 24463457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary structures of host-defense peptides present in frog skin secretions constitute useful molecular markers for establishing taxonomic classifications and investigating phylogenetic relationships between species within a particular genus. Peptidomic analysis has led to the characterization of multiple host-defense peptides in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of three species of frogs from the family Ranidae: Lithobates forreri (Boulenger, 1883), Hylarana luctuosa (Peters, 1871), and Hylarana signata (Günther, 1872). The L. forreri secretions contain ranatuerin-2 (2 peptides), brevinin-1 (4 peptides), and temporin (1 peptide). The H. luctuosa secretions contain brevinin-2 (4 peptides), esculentin-1 (1 peptide), esculentin-2 (1 peptide), palustrin-2 (2 peptides), and temporin (2 peptides). The H. signata secretions contain brevinin-2 (4 peptides), brevinin-1 (5 peptides), palustrin-2 (1 peptide), and temporin (2 peptides). Cladistic analysis based upon the primary structures of 44 ranatuerin-2 peptides from 20 Lithobates species indicates a close phylogenetic relationship between L. forreri, Lithobates onca, and Lithobates yavapaiensis. A similar cladistic analysis based upon the primary structures of 27 brevinin-2 peptides from 8 Hylarana species provides support for a close phylogenetic relationship between H. signata and Hylarana picturata, while showing that the species are not conspecific, with H. luctuosa more distantly related.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Conlon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jolanta Kolodziejek
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Milena Mechkarska
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666 Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laurent Coquet
- PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; CNRS UMR 6270, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; INSERM U-982, PRIMACEN, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; CNRS UMR 6270, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- PISSARO, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; INSERM U-982, PRIMACEN, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Per F Nielsen
- Protein Science, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Maalöv, Denmark
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jay D King
- Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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46
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Haslam IS, Roubos EW, Mangoni ML, Yoshizato K, Vaudry H, Kloepper JE, Pattwell DM, Maderson PFA, Paus R. From frog integument to human skin: dermatological perspectives from frog skin biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 89:618-55. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain S. Haslam
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT U.K
| | - Eric W. Roubos
- Department of Anatomy; Radboud University Medical Centre; Geert Grooteplein Noord 2, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti; La Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5-00185; Rome Italy
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Academic Advisors Office, Synthetic Biology Research Center; Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka Japan
- Phoenixbio Co. Ltd; 3-4-1, Kagamiyama; Higashihiroshima Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- European Institute for Peptide Research; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Place Emile Blondel 76821 France
- INSERM U-982, CNRS; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan Place Emile Blondel 76821 France
| | - Jennifer E. Kloepper
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160; 23538 Lübeck Germany
| | - David M. Pattwell
- Leahurst Campus, Institute of Learning & Teaching; School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool; Neston CH64 7TE U.K
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT U.K
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160; 23538 Lübeck Germany
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47
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Identification of multiple antimicrobial peptides from the skin of fine-spined frog, Hylarana spinulosa (Ranidae). Biochimie 2013; 95:2429-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zare-Zardini H, Tolueinia B, Hashemi A, ebrahimi L, Fesahat F. Antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of a new peptide from Ziziphus jujuba fruits. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:702-9. [PMID: 24005854 PMCID: PMC10852667 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513500839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Antioxidant agents and cholinesterase inhibitors are the foremost drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a new peptide from Ziziphus jujuba fruits was investigated for its inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes as well as antioxidant activity. This peptide was introduced as a new peptide and named Snakin-Z. The Snakin-Z displayed considerable cholinesterase inhibition against AChE and BChE. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Snakin-Z against AChE and BChE are 0.58 ± 0.08 and 0.72 ± 0.085 mg/mL, respectively. This peptide has 80% enzyme inhibitory activity on AChE and BChE at 1.5 mg/mL. The Snakin-Z also had the high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.75 ± 0.09 mg/mL). Thus, it is suggested that Snakin-Z may be beneficial in the treatment of AD. However, more detailed researches are still required as in vivo testing its anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behnaz Tolueinia
- Department of biology, University of Applied Science and Technology of Sistan and Baluchestan, Minushargh Branch, Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Azam Hashemi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila ebrahimi
- Department of Hematology, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Groner ML, Buck JC, Gervasi S, Blaustein AR, Reinert LK, Rollins-Smith LA, Bier ME, Hempel J, Relyea RA. Larval exposure to predator cues alters immune function and response to a fungal pathogen in post-metamorphic wood frogs. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 23:1443-1454. [PMID: 24147415 DOI: 10.1890/12-1572.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For the past several decades, amphibian populations have been decreasing around the globe at an unprecedented rate. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the fungal pathogen that causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, is contributing to amphibian declines. Natural and anthropogenic environmental factors are hypothesized to contribute to these declines by reducing the immunocompetence of amphibian hosts, making them more susceptible to infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced in the granular glands of a frog's skin are thought to be a key defense against Bd infection. These peptides may be a critical immune defense during metamorphosis because many acquired immune functions are suppressed during this time. To test if stressors alter AMP production and survival of frogs exposed to Bd, we exposed wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles to the presence or absence of dragonfly predator cues crossed with a single exposure to three nominal concentrations of the insecticide malathion (0, 10, or 100 parts per billion [ppb]). We then exposed a subset of post-metamorphic frogs to the presence or absence of Bd zoospores and measured frog survival. Although predator cues and malathion had no effect on survival or size at metamorphosis, predator cues increased the time to metamorphosis by 1.5 days and caused a trend of a 20% decrease in hydrophobic skin peptides. Despite this decrease in peptides determined shortly after metamorphosis, previous exposure to predator cues increased survival in both Bd-exposed and unexposed frogs several weeks after metamorphosis. These results suggest that exposing tadpoles to predator cues confers fitness benefits later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya L Groner
- Center for Veterinary Epidemiological Research, Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Daneshmand F, Zare-Zardini H, Ebrahimi L. Investigation of the antimicrobial activities of Snakin-Z, a new cationic peptide derived from Zizyphus jujuba fruits. Nat Prod Res 2013; 27:2292-6. [PMID: 23962183 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.827192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Snakin-Z is a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that is identified from the fruit of Zizyphus jujuba. This peptide is composed of 31 amino acids which is determined with the sequence of CARLNCVPKGTSGNTETCPCYASLHSCRKYG and molecular weight of 3318.82 Da. Snakin-Z is not identical to any AMP in the peptide database. According to this study, Snakin-Z potentially has antimicrobial property against bacteria and fungi. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of this peptide is suitable for antimicrobial activity. We assessed that Snakin-Z could affect Phomopsis azadirachtae with the MIC value of 7.65 μg/mL and vice versa Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC value of 28.8 μg/mL. Interestingly, human red blood cells also showed good tolerance to the Snakin-Z. On the basis of this study, Snakin-Z can be an appropriate candidate for therapeutic applications in the future due to its antimicrobial property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Daneshmand
- a Department of Biology , Payame Noor University , P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran , Iran
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