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Hemmingsen LM, Giordani B, Paulsen MH, Vanić Ž, Flaten GE, Vitali B, Basnet P, Bayer A, Strøm MB, Škalko-Basnet N. Tailored anti-biofilm activity - Liposomal delivery for mimic of small antimicrobial peptide. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213238. [PMID: 36527962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The eradication of bacteria embedded in biofilms is among the most challenging obstacles in the management of chronic wounds. These biofilms are found in most chronic wounds; moreover, the biofilm-embedded bacteria are considerably less susceptible to conventional antimicrobial treatment than the planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides and their mimics are considered attractive candidates in the pursuit of novel therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic wounds and general bacterial eradication. However, some limitations linked to these membrane-active antimicrobials are making their clinical use challenging. Novel innovative delivery systems addressing these limitations represent a smart solution. We hypothesized that incorporation of a novel synthetic mimic of an antimicrobial peptide in liposomes could improve its anti-biofilm effect as well as the anti-inflammatory activity. The small synthetic mimic of an antimicrobial peptide, 7e-SMAMP, was incorporated into liposomes (~280 nm) tailored for skin wounds and evaluated for its potential activity against both biofilm formation and eradication of pre-formed biofilms. The 7e-SMAMP-liposomes significantly lowered inflammatory response in murine macrophages (~30 % reduction) without affecting the viability of macrophages or keratinocytes. Importantly, the 7e-SMAMP-liposomes completely eradicated biofilms produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli above concentrations of 6.25 μg/mL, whereas in Pseudomonas aeruginosa the eradication reached 75 % at the same concentration. Incorporation of 7e-SMAMP in liposomes improved both the inhibition of biofilm formation as well as biofilm eradication in vitro, as compared to non-formulated antimicrobial, therefore confirming its potential as a novel therapeutic option for bacteria-infected chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Myrseth Hemmingsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Beneficial Microbes Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianne H Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Željka Vanić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Beatrice Vitali
- Beneficial Microbes Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Purusotam Basnet
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten B Strøm
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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The Spectrum of Design Solutions for Improving the Activity-Selectivity Product of Peptide Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153526. [PMID: 32752241 PMCID: PMC7436000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of peptides has long been studied, and the number of peptides identified with both activities has recently increased considerably. In this work, we hypothesized that designed peptides with a wide spectrum of selective antimicrobial activity will also have anticancer activity, and tested this hypothesis with newly designed peptides. The spectrum of peptides, used as partial or full design templates, ranged from cell-penetrating peptides and putative bacteriocin to those from the simplest animals (placozoans) and the Chordata phylum (anurans). We applied custom computational tools to predict amino acid substitutions, conferring the increased product of bacteriostatic activity and selectivity. Experiments confirmed that better overall performance was achieved with respect to that of initial templates. Nine of our synthesized helical peptides had excellent bactericidal activity against both standard and multidrug-resistant bacteria. These peptides were then compared to a known anticancer peptide polybia-MP1, for their ability to kill prostate cancer cells and dermal primary fibroblasts. The therapeutic index was higher for seven of our peptides, and anticancer activity stronger for all of them. In conclusion, the peptides that we designed for selective antimicrobial activity also have promising potential for anticancer applications.
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Juretić D, Simunić J. Design of α-helical antimicrobial peptides with a high selectivity index. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1053-1063. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1642322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Juretić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Juraj Simunić
- Division of molecular biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Characterization of antibacterial activity and mechanisms of two linear derivatives of bactenecin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shao C, Tian H, Wang T, Wang Z, Chou S, Shan A, Cheng B. Central β-turn increases the cell selectivity of imperfectly amphipathic α-helical peptides. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:243-255. [PMID: 29355714 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although membrane lytic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show enormous potential for addressing mounting global antibiotic resistance, therapeutic applications are hindered by their weak antimicrobial activity, high toxicity, salt sensitivity and poor understanding of structure-activity relationships. To investigate the effects of different parameters on the biological activities of AMPs, a rational approach was adopted to design a series of short cationic α-helical peptides comprising the Ac-WxKyWxzzyKxWyK-NH2 sequence, where x: cationic residues (Arg or Lys), y: hydrophobic residues (Ala, Val, Ile or Leu), and zz: β-turn (rigid D-Pro-Gly turn or flexible Gly-Gly turn). The peptides showed a more helical structure as the concentration of membrane-mimetic solution increased. The peptide RL with a central D-Pro-Gly turn (x: Arg, y: Lys, zz = D-Pro-Gly) exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities (2-8 μM) against ten types of clinically relevant microorganisms and even maintained its activity in the presence of physiological salts and showed excellent selectivity toward bacterial cells over human red blood cells and mammalian cells. However, the toxicity was increased after the removal of D-Pro-Gly turn. Additionally, the bactericidal activity was reduced when the D-Pro-Gly turn was replaced by a Gly-Gly turn. Fluorescence spectroscopy and electron microscopy analyses indicated that RL and its derivatives killed microbial cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging membrane integrity. In conclusion, these findings clearly generalized a potential method for designing or optimizing AMPs, and the peptide RL is a promising therapeutic candidate to combat antibiotic resistance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We proposed a rational approach to design imperfectly amphiphilic peptides and identified RL (Ac-WRKLWRpGLKRWLK-NH2) in particular that shows strong antibacterial properties, low toxicity and high salt resistance. The β-turn unit inserted into the central position of cationic α-helical peptides, especially the D-Pro-Gly turn, significantly increase the cell selectivity of the synthetic amphiphiles. The findings demonstrate a potential method for designing and/or optimizing AMPs, which would facilitate the development of strategies to design peptide-based antimicrobial biomaterials in a variety of biotechnological and clinical applications.
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Abstract
Defense peptides are small amphipathic molecules that exhibit antimicrobial, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of cationic and anionic defense peptides, indicating peptide-based as well as microbial cell-based factors affecting this activity. The peptide-based factors include charge, hydrophibicity, and amphipathicity, whereas the pathogen-based factors are membrane lipid composition, presence of sterols, membrane fluidity, cell wall components, and secreted factors such as extracellular proteinases. Since defense peptides have been considered very promising molecules that could replace conventional antibiotics in the era of drug-resistant pathogens, the issue of microbial resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is addressed. Furthermore, selected approaches employed for optimization and de novo design of effective AMPs based on the properties recognized as important for the function of natural defense peptides are presented.
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Zhu X, Zhang L, Wang J, Ma Z, Xu W, Li J, Shan A. Characterization of antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of low amphipathic peptides with different α-helical propensity. Acta Biomater 2015; 18:155-67. [PMID: 25735802 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as a defense mechanism within multicellular organisms and are attracting increasing attention because of their potential application in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Amphipathicity has long been believed to be the most important consideration for the structural modification and design of both naturally occurring and synthetic AMPs. Previous studies indicated that disruptive amphipathicity formed by replacing the paired charged amino acid residues on the polar face of an amphipathic helix with tryptophan residues linked with hydrogen bonds on the basis of α-helical protein folding principles endowed the AMPs with increased cell selectivity. In an attempt to augment and hone this strategy further, we designed a series of imperfect amphipathic peptides by placing different types of amino acid residues at the hydrogen bond linked positions of α-helix structures to characterize their antimicrobial properties and mechanism of action. The d-Trp-substituted sequence (PRW4-d) showed greater antimicrobial potency than Cys-(C4), Asp-(D4), Ile-(I4), and Pro-(P4) substituted sequences, comparable to the l-Trp-substituted parent sequence (PRW4). Furthermore, the total replacement of Lys residues with Arg residues along the peptide sequence (PRW4-R) exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity and cell selectivity. In addition, no cytotoxicity was observed among these synthetic peptides. PRW4-d and PRW4-R maintained their activities in the presence of physiological salts and human serum. The fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, and electron microscopy observations indicated that the optimized sequences exhibited excellent antimicrobial potency by inducing cytoplasmic membrane potential loss, membrane permeabilization and disruption. Collectively, the results could be useful for designing short AMPs with great antimicrobial activity and cell selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Licong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Yamamoto N, Tamura A. Designing cell-aggregating peptides without cytotoxicity. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:512-23. [PMID: 24432760 DOI: 10.1021/bm4014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have designed α-helical peptides de novo that can induce aggregation of various kinds of cells by focusing on physicochemical properties such as hydrophobicity, net charges, and amphipathicity. It is shown that peptide hydrophobicity is the key factor to determine capabilities for cell aggregation while peptide net charges contribute to nonspecific electrostatic interactions with cells. On the other hand, amphipathic peptides tend to exhibit cytotoxicity such as antimicrobial activity and hemolysis, which are competitive with cell-aggregation capabilities. Different from the cases of living cells, aggregation of artificial anionic liposomes appears to be mainly determined by electrostatic interactions. This discrepancy might be due to the complex structure of surfaces of cell membranes consisting of macromolecular chains such as peptidoglycans, polysaccharides, or glycocalyx, which coexist with lipid bilayers. Our design strategy would pave the way to design peptides that lead aggregation of living cells without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Long Y, Li Z, Tan JH, Ou TM, Li D, Gu LQ, Huang ZS. Benzofuroquinoline derivatives had remarkable improvement of their selectivity for telomeric G-quadruplex DNA over duplex DNA upon introduction of peptidyl group. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1821-31. [PMID: 22871222 DOI: 10.1021/bc300123m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the selectivity of 5-N-methyl quindoline (cryptolepine) derivatives as telomeric quadruplex binding ligands versus duplex DNA, a series of peptidyl-benzofuroquinoline (P-BFQ) conjugates (2a-2n) were designed and synthesized. Their interactions with telomeric quadruplex and duplex DNA were examined by using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD), and molecular modeling studies. Introduction of a peptidyl group at 11-position of the aromatic benzofuroquinoline scaffold not only effectively increased its binding affinity, but also significantly improved its selectivity toward telomeric quadruplex versus duplex DNA. Combined with the data for their inhibitory effects on telomerase activity, their structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies showed that the types of amino acid residues and the length of the peptidyl side chains were important for the improvement of their interactions with the telomeric G-quadruplex. Long-term exposure of human cancer cells to 2c showed a remarkable cessation in population growth and cellular senescence phenotype, and accompanied by a shortening of the telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Diao Y, Han W, Zhao H, Zhu S, Liu X, Feng X, Gu J, Yao C, Liu S, Sun C, Pan F. Designed synthetic analogs of the α-helical peptide temporin-La with improved antitumor efficacies via charge modification and incorporation of the integrin αvβ3 homing domain. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:476-86. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Diao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Honglei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Seng Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Cuimei Yao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
| | - Fengguang Pan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Jilin University; Changchun 130062 China
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Teixeira V, Feio MJ, Bastos M. Role of lipids in the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:149-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Guo L, Smith-Dupont KB, Gai F. Diffusion as a probe of peptide-induced membrane domain formation. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2291-7. [PMID: 21332237 DOI: 10.1021/bi102068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that association with an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) can drastically alter the diffusion behavior of the constituent lipids in model membranes (Biochemistry 49, 4672-4678). In particular, we found that the diffusion time of a tracer fluorescent lipid through a confocal volume measured via fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is distributed over a wide range of time scales, indicating the formation of stable and/or transient membrane species that have different mobilities. A simple estimate, however, suggested that the slow diffusing species are too large to be attributed to AMP oligomers or pores that are tightly bound to a small number of lipids. Thus, we tentatively ascribed them to membrane domains and/or clusters that possess distinctively different diffusion properties. In order to further substantiate our previous conjecture, herein we study the diffusion behavior of the membrane-bound peptide molecules using the same AMPs and model membranes. Our results show, in contrast to our previous findings, that the diffusion times of the membrane-bound peptides exhibit a much narrower distribution that is more similar to that of the lipids in peptide-free membranes. Thus, taken together, these results indicate that while AMP molecules prompt domain formation in membranes, they are not tightly associated with the lipid domains thus formed. Instead, they are likely located at the boundary regions separating various domains and acting as mobile fences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Papareddy P, Kalle M, Kasetty G, Mörgelin M, Rydengård V, Albiger B, Lundqvist K, Malmsten M, Schmidtchen A. C-terminal peptides of tissue factor pathway inhibitor are novel host defense molecules. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28387-98. [PMID: 20592020 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) inhibits tissue factor-induced coagulation, but may, via its C terminus, also modulate cell surface, heparin, and lipopolysaccharide interactions as well as participate in growth inhibition. Here we show that C-terminal TFPI peptide sequences are antimicrobial against the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the fungi Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Fluorescence studies of peptide-treated bacteria, paired with analysis of peptide effects on liposomes, showed that the peptides exerted membrane-breaking effects similar to those seen for the "classic" human antimicrobial peptide LL-37. The killing of E. coli, but not P. aeruginosa, by the C-terminal peptide GGLIKTKRKRKKQRVKIAYEEIFVKNM (GGL27), was enhanced in human plasma and largely abolished in heat-inactivated plasma, a phenomenon linked to generation of antimicrobial C3a and activation of the classic pathway of complement activation. Furthermore, GGL27 displayed anti-endotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model of LPS shock. Importantly, TFPI was found to be expressed in the basal layers of normal epidermis, and was markedly up-regulated in acute skin wounds as well as wound edges of chronic leg ulcers. Furthermore, C-terminal fragments of TFPI were associated with bacteria present in human chronic leg ulcers. These findings suggest a new role for TFPI in cutaneous defense against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Papareddy
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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