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Early Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Retinoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194966. [PMID: 36230889 PMCID: PMC9563111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer in children and is fatal if left untreated. Over the past three decades, chemotherapy has become the mainstay of eye-sparing treatment. Nevertheless, chemoresistance continues to represent a major challenge leading to ocular and systemic toxicity, vision loss, and treatment failure. Unfortunately, the mechanisms leading to chemoresistance remain incompletely understood. Here, we engineered low-passage human retinoblastoma cells to study the early molecular mechanisms leading to resistance to carboplatin, one of the most widely used agents for treating retinoblastoma. Using single-cell next-generation RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell barcoding technologies, we found that carboplatin induced rapid transcriptomic reprogramming associated with the upregulation of PI3K-AKT pathway targets, including ABC transporters and metabolic regulators. Several of these targets are amenable to pharmacologic inhibition, which may reduce the emergence of chemoresistance. We provide evidence to support this hypothesis using a third-generation inhibitor of the ABCB1 transporter.
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Muñoz M, Coveñas R. Glioma and Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists: A New Therapeutic Approach. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:92-100. [PMID: 29692265 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180420165401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, the most lethal and frequent primary brain tumor is glioblastoma. Despite multimodal aggressive therapies, the median survival time after diagnosis is around 15 months. In part, this is due to the blood-brain barrier that restricts common treatments (e.g., chemotherapy). Unfortunately, glioma recurs in 90% of patients. New therapeutic strategies against glioma are urgently required. Substance P (SP), through the neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor, controls cancer cell proliferation by activating c-myc, mitogenactivated protein kinases, activator protein 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Glioma cells overexpress NK-1 receptors when compared with normal cells. The NK-1 receptor/SP system regulates the proliferation/migration of glioma cells and stimulates angiogenesis, triggering inflammation which contributes to glioma progression. In glioma cells, SP favors glycogen breakdown, essential for glycolysis. By contrast, in glioma, NK-1 receptor antagonists block the proliferation of tumor cells and the breakdown of glycogen and also promote the death (apoptosis) of these cells. These antagonists also inhibit angiogenesis and exert antimetastatic and anti-inflammatory actions. OBJECTIVE This review updates the involvement of the NK-1 receptor/SP system in the development of glioma and the potential clinical application of NK-1 receptor antagonists as antiglioma agents. CONCLUSION The NK-1 receptor plays a crucial role in glioma and NK-1 receptor antagonists could be used as anti-glioma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic, Systems (Lab. 14), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Background::Human tumor cells lines and tumor samples overexpress the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). Substance P (SP), after binding to NK-1Rs, induces tumor cell proliferation, an antiapoptotic effect and promotes angiogenesis and the migration of cancer cells for invasion and metastasis.Methods: :In contrast, NK-1R antagonists block the previous pathophysiological actions mediated by SP. These antagonists promote the death of tumor cells by apoptosis. Peptide and non-peptide NK-1R antagonists have been reported.Results: :Peptide NK-1R antagonists show chemical modifications of the SP molecule (L-amino acids being replaced by D-amino acids), whereas non-peptide NK-1R antagonists include numerous compounds with different chemical compositions while showing similar stereochemical features (affinity for the NK- 1R). Currently, there are more than 300 NK-1R antagonists.Conclusion::In combination therapy with classic cytostatics, NK-1R antagonists have additive or synergic effects and minimize the side-effects of cytostatics. The effect of NK-1R antagonists as broad-spectrum anticancer drugs is reviewed and the use of these antagonists for the treatment of cancer is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL) University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Majkowska-Pilip A, Halik PK, Gniazdowska E. The Significance of NK1 Receptor Ligands and Their Application in Targeted Radionuclide Tumour Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E443. [PMID: 31480582 PMCID: PMC6781293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, our understanding of the Substance P (SP) and neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) system shows intricate relations between human physiology and disease occurrence or progression. Within the oncological field, overexpression of NK1R and this SP/NK1R system have been implicated in cancer cell progression and poor overall prognosis. This review focuses on providing an update on the current state of knowledge around the wide spectrum of NK1R ligands and applications of radioligands as radiopharmaceuticals. In this review, data concerning both the chemical and biological aspects of peptide and nonpeptide ligands as agonists or antagonists in classical and nuclear medicine, are presented and discussed. However, the research presented here is primarily focused on NK1R nonpeptide antagonistic ligands and the potential application of SP/NK1R system in targeted radionuclide tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Majkowska-Pilip
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Krzysztof Halik
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gniazdowska
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
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Muñoz M, Rosso M, Carranza A, Coveñas R. Increased nuclear localization of substance P in human gastric tumor cells. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:337-342. [PMID: 28325510 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive disease that remains the fourth most common type of cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Treatment of advanced or metastatic GC has seen little progress and median overall survival in this group remains <1 year. It is urgent to investigate new mechanisms to understand GC progression. It is known that substance P (SP), after binding to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, elicits GC proliferation; that GC cells and samples express NK-1 receptors; that NK-1 receptor antagonists, in a concentration dependent manner, inhibit the proliferation of GC cells and that these cells die by apoptosis. However, the presence of SP in GC and normal gastric cells is unknown. In order to know more on the involvement of the SP/NK-1 receptor system in GC, we studied in thirty human GC and normal gastric samples the immunolocalization of SP after using an immunohistochemical technique. SP was observed in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of GC and normal gastric cells. The nuclear expression of SP was higher in GC cells than in normal cells. No significant difference was observed when the cytoplasmatic expression of SP in normal and GC cells was compared. The findings suggest that SP plays an important role in both nuclear function and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marisa Rosso
- Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Carranza
- Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Muñoz M, Coveñas R, Esteban F, Redondo M. The substance P/NK-1 receptor system: NK-1 receptor antagonists as anti-cancer drugs. J Biosci 2015; 40:441-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-015-9530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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González-Ortega A, Sánchez-Vaderrábanos E, Ramiro-Fuentes S, Salinas-Martín MV, Carranza A, Coveñas R, Muñoz M. Uveal melanoma expresses NK-1 receptors and cyclosporin A induces apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines overexpressing the NK-1 receptor. Peptides 2014; 55:1-12. [PMID: 24548567 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Substance P and neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists respectively induce proliferation and growth inhibition in human melanoma cell lines. The presence of NK-1 receptors in human melanoma cell lines and samples has been reported, but the presence of NK-1 receptors has not been demonstrated in uveal melanomas. It is known that melanoma express the tachykinin 1 receptor (TAC1R) gene. This gene is overexpressed in several human cancer cell lines, but such overexpression is currently unknown in human malignant melanoma cell lines (COLO 858, MEL HO, COLO 679). In this study, we attempt to demonstrate the overexpression of the TAC1R gene in such cells. We performed an in vitro study by real-time quantitative RT-PCR for TAC1R and found that the NK-1 receptor was overexpressed in the three human melanoma cell lines studied. Using a knockdown method, we demonstrate that the NK-1 receptor is involved in the viability of the COLO 858 melanoma cell line. Immunohistochemistry was also used to demonstrate NK-1 receptors in uveal melanoma samples. We observed that NK-1 receptors were present in the 21/21 uveal melanomas. In addition, cyclosporin A inhibited the growth of the three melanoma cell lines studied in a dose-dependent manner, and after the administration of this immunosuppresive drug apoptosis was observed. This indicates at least that the antitumor action of cyclosporin A is mediated by the NK-1 receptor. Our findings suggest that the NK-1 receptor could be a promising target in the treatment of human melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Ortega
- Vírgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Susana Ramiro-Fuentes
- Vírgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Carranza
- Deparment of Pathology, "Vírgen del Rocío" University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL) , Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, Laboratory 14, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Muñoz
- Vírgen del Rocío University Hospital, Research Laboratory on Neuropeptides Sevilla, Spain.
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Muñoz M, Coveñas R. Involvement of substance P and the NK-1 receptor in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2321-2334. [PMID: 24605029 PMCID: PMC3942835 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer related-death for both men and women and the 1- and 5-year relative survival rates are 25% and 6%, respectively. Thus, it is urgent to investigate new antitumor drugs to improve the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. The peptide substance P (SP) has a widespread distribution throughout the body. After binding to the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, SP regulates biological functions related to cancer, such as tumor cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, the migration of tumor cells for invasion, infiltration and metastasis, and it exerts an antiapoptotic effects on tumor cells. It is known that the SP/NK-1 receptor system is involved in pancreatic cancer progression: (1) pancreatic cancer cells and samples express NK-1 receptors; (2) the NK-1 receptor is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells in comparison with non-tumor cells; (3) nanomolar concentrations of SP induce pancreatic cancer cell proliferation; (4) NK-1 receptor antagonists inhibit pancreatic cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, at a certain concentration, these antagonists inhibit 100% of tumor cells; (5) this antitumor action is mediated through the NK-1 receptor, and tumor cells die by apoptosis; and (6) NK-1 receptor antagonists inhibit angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer xenografts. All these data suggest that the SP/NK-1 receptor system could play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer; that the NK-1 receptor could be a new promising therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer, and that NK-1 receptor antagonists could improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Li X, Ma G, Ma Q, Li W, Liu J, Han L, Duan W, Xu Q, Liu H, Wang Z, Sun Q, Wang F, Wu E. Neurotransmitter substance P mediates pancreatic cancer perineural invasion via NK-1R in cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:294-302. [PMID: 23345604 PMCID: PMC3709020 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer significantly affects the quality of life due to the severe abdominal pain. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Substance P (SP) and pancreatic cancer perineural invasion (PNI) as well as the mechanism of SP mediating pancreatic cancer PNI, which causes pain in patients with pancreatic cancer. Human pancreatic cancer cells and newborn dorsal root ganglions (DRG) were used to determine the expression of SP or NK-1R in pancreatic cancer cells and DRGs cells by QT-PCR and Western blotting. The effects of SP on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion were analyzed using MTT assay and Transwell Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Alterations in the neurotropism of pancreatic cancer cells were assessed by coculture system, which mimics the interaction of tumor/neuron in vivo. SP is not only widely distributed in the neurite outgrowth from newborn DRGs but also expressed in MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells. NK-1R is found to be overexpressed in the pancreatic cancer cell lines examined. SP induces cancer cell proliferation and invasion as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in pancreatic cancer cells, and NK-1R antagonists inhibit these effects. Furthermore, SP promotes neurite outgrowth and the migration of pancreatic cancer cell cluster to the DRGs, which is blocked by NK-1R antagonists in the coculture model. Our results suggest that SP plays an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer metastasis and PNI, and blocking the SP/NK-1R signaling system is a novel strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:; Fax: +86-29-8532-3899 Or ; Fax: ++1-701-231-8333
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengfei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:; Fax: +86-29-8532-3899 Or ; Fax: ++1-701-231-8333
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